篇章词汇(选词填空)

英语四级新题型变革,听力复合式听写部分由过去的八个单词和三句话的这种题目的形式，改成了考察十个单词或短语的形式估计听力依然是在听写部分播放三遍，但是每一个空的得分将由过去的不等分值变成了每空得一分的情况。,阅读快速阅读变成另外一种题目-段落信息匹配题，需要去看十个左右的段落，然后去匹配十个信息点。,翻译完形填空的消失，从2013年12月份，完形填空将不再出现，取而代之的是，将一篇完整的中文翻成英文的形式，文章题材在样卷当中考察的是中国的剪纸艺术和中国的传统节日春节，四级需要各位同学翻译150到180字左右。总体来讲，最大的变化来自翻译的加长，阅读新题型的出现，听力当中复合式听写的改变。,8：50-9：00试音时间9：00-9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试9：35发放试题册（但9：40才允许开始做）9：40重新戴上耳机，准备听力考试9：40-10：10开始听力考试，电台开始放音10：10收答题卡一（即作文和听力）10：10听力结束后完成阅读与翻译。11：20全部考试结束。,你知道四级考试流程吗?,你知道四六级的答题时间吗?,作文(30m),翻译(30m),听力(30m),阅读理解(40m),选词填空,仔细阅读,130分钟,长篇填空,你知道四六级的分值分布吗?,篇章词汇（选词填空）,不良阅读习惯,因此与读英语文章时应该以“意群”（meaningfulthoughtgroup）为单位阅读,即将单个的词语按照自然的语法和意义关系组织起来。,“指读”,即用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅读；“回读”,即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉的短语时,返回到句首甚至段首重读；如果遇到长句,常常反复多次；“译读”，即在阅读过程中,不断把词,短语,以致句子译成母语来理解。边看边读出声音，边看边用笔指着心里默念逐字阅读等,视线是在每个词组上停留,停留次数减少,意义比较连贯,即使视线在词组上停留的时间要比在一个单词上停留的时间稍微长一些,但因为意义容易理解,总体时间还是要比前者短,而且阅读质量提高了。词组越长,阅读速度越快：,Successfulimprovementofyourreadingdependsuponyoureagernesstoimproveandyourwillingnesstopractice.理解翻译,以意群阅读举例：,EyeMovement,EyeSpan,大学英语四级考试阅读简介,新四级考试的阅读部分主要分为快速阅读和深度（仔细）阅读两个部分。深度阅读包括选词填空与题意选择两种题型,阅读分数占全卷的35%.,阅读理解(40mins),35%,快速阅读15mins,深度阅读25mins,25%,篇章词汇5%,篇章阅读20%,10%,match(SkimmingandScanning),十五选十,传统阅读,选词填空特点：1.近义词辨析不多，2.固定搭配不多3.词性辨析比较容易4.题目设计的原则是首句不设空，一句话中不设两空，设空比较均匀，基本覆盖全文.,选词填空难点：1.词性可能会变。2.错一题，可能会错两题。,3选词填空特点和难点,一、选词填空题型简介,第一句话完整，常为句子大意.15选10，常考名词、动词、副词、形容词、2009年12月篇章选词：动词7个（含ING或ed形式），名词4个，副词2个，形容词2个。3+3+3+1关键是从语法角度确定选词处的词性，然后进行辨别。篇章选词=语法+词性,一、选词填空题型简介,4选词填空考点,选词填空一般特点,15个单词中：3个名词正确答案+1个名词干扰答案3个动词正确答案+1个动词干扰答案3个形容词正确答案+2个形容词干扰答案1个副词正确答案+1个副词干扰答案,：词性可能会变。,五、平时如何提高选词填空技能,一、选词填空题型简介,二、选词填空解题技巧,三、选词填空解题步骤,四、真题分析,本讲内容梗概,这种完型填空的测试学术语称作“集库型完型填空”（bankedcloze）,即一篇留出空白的短文，后面给出一堆提示词和干扰词(gappedtextwithaboxcontainingpromptsanddistracters)。,部分借鉴了雅思阅读中的摘要填空summary之外，这种题主要是脱胎于传统的完型填空(multiple-choicecloze)；,选词填空题型简介,目前四级考试只考实词中的四种：名词n做主语和宾语,动词v做谓语，形容词adj做定语，副词adv做状语。,特点：四种实词中，考的最少的是副词adv,不超过两个空。剩下的三种平均每次有三道题。根据真题，动词一直是考三个。另外三种词性，有两个的，也有四个的,选词填空解题技巧,1)词性判断,2)常用搭配,4)内在逻辑,5)感情色彩,3)语法常识,选词填空的解题步骤,第一步：了解文章大意，读第一段或者首句。,第二步：按词性整理选项,第三步：选词填空，猜测可能有的含义,第四步：复读全文，谨慎调整,ThefloodofwomenintothejobmarketboostedeconomicgrowthandchangedU.S.societyinmanyways.Manyin-homejobsthatusedtobedone_47_bywomenrangingfromfamilyshoppingtopreparingmealstodoing_48_workstillneedtobedonebysomeone.,第一步：了解文章大意，读第一段或者首句。,Yearsago,doctorsoftensaidthatpainwasanormalpartoflife.Inparticular,whenolderpatients_47_ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithit.Timeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain_48_.,Aswarspreadstomanycornersoftheglobe,childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.,SomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardly47toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswas48toalittlecollegeFrench.,Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural47forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.,EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments47it.Theydefinethewritingprocess48anddifficult.,Infamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachildslanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.,1、标注词性词性不唯一?不认识的单词?2、标注词义只标注词义拿不准的词词义不唯一?,第二步：按词性整理选项,标注词性注意,1、名词注意标注单复数ns，n2、动词最好注明V，V-s,V-ed，V-ing3、有的词，做名词和做动词都很常见，没有上下文不好判断，比如respect,result,challenge.这时两个都要标出来，先标你脑子里第一个出现的词性。4、以ing,ed结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是分词转变而来的形容词新四级考试中的bankedcloze还没有到考到分词作形容词的难度（只有1个），所以，碰到这种情况，一般一律看成是动词，包括非谓语动词,5、提醒：词性要标在选项的前面，也就是A,B,C的前面，齐刷刷的好看。也可标在两组选项的中间空白处，方便对照。6、拿不准的参照词缀：,名词后缀：tion/sion/ness/ment/er/or/ist/ism形容词后缀：able/al/ant/ent/tive/sive/ous/less/ed/ing动词后缀:ate/ize/fy/ed/ing副词后缀：ly/ward/wiseExcel表格,名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker,debtor,actress,democrat,2)-acy,表示性质，状态，境遇democracy,accuracy,diplomacy3)-ance,-ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”importance,diligence,difference,obedience4)-ancy,-ency,表示性质，状态，行为，过程frequency,urgency,efficiency,5)-bility,表示动作，性质，状态possibility,flexibility,feasibility6)-dom,表示等级，领域，状态freedom,kingdom,wisdo7)-hood,表示资格，身份,年纪，状态childhood,manhood,falsehood,8)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示“行为的过程，结果，状况“action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction9)-ism,表示”制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为“socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism10)-ity,表示”性质，状态，程度”purity,reality,ability,calamity11)-ment,表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument12)-ness,表示“性质，状态，程度goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness13)-ship,表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”hardship,membership,friendship,14)-th,表示动作，性质，过程，状态depth,wealth,truth,length,growth15)-tude,表示性质，状态，程度“latitude,altitude(海拔)16)-ure,表示行为，结果exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续)，17-grapy,表示“学，写法”biography,calligraphy,geography18)-ic,ics,表示学法“logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics19)-ology,表示“学论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)20)-nomy,表示学术astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学),2.形容词后缀(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义1)-able,-ible,visible,flexible2)名词-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish)3)-ive,active,sensitive,productive4)-like,manlike,childlike5)名词-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly,6)-some,troublesome,handsome7)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful8)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various9)-ent,violent10)-most,foremost,topmost(11)less,表示否定，countless,stainless,wireless,3.动词后缀1)-ize,ise,表示做成，变成，化“modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize2)-en,表示使成为，引起，使有”quicken,weaken,soften,harden3)-fy,表示使化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify4)-ish,表示使，令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish5)-ate,表示“成为，处理，作用”separate,operate,indicate,4.副词后缀(形容词)-ly：badbadly坏地/恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地-wise(OE)：clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)；likelikewise同样地-wards：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地来源四级常用后缀,Stressisacontributingfactorinmanyillness.,Lifeismakingusabandonedestablishedstereotypesandoutdatedviews.,Thereareonlyalimitednumberofticketsavailable.,动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。,a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）;b)一般来说，一个单句有且只有一个谓语动词;c）一般来说，一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。Excel表格,1.判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性，缩小正确选项范围,Althoughthereisstillabigwage_50_betweenmenandwomen,theincomeworkingwomen_51_givesthemnewindependenceandbuyingpower.Forexample,womennow_52_abouthalfofallcars.Notlongago,manycarsdealers_53_womenshoppersbyignoringthemorsuggestingthattheycomebackwiththeirhusbands.,Yearsago,doctorsoftensaidthatpainwasanormalpartoflife.Inparticular,whenolderpatients_47_ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithit.Suchcomprehensivetherapyoften_53_theworkofsocialworkers,psychiatristsandpsychologists,aswellasspecialistsinpainmedicine.,Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha50ofhumanexperiencesandcometo51otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile52theirownrelationshipsandresponsestolife,thereadersoftenfindthatthe53intheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.,Yearsago,doctorsoftensaidthatpainwasanormalpartoflife.Inparticular,whenolderpatients_47_ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithit.Timeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain_48_.Indeed,painisnowconsideredthefifthvitalsign,asimportantasbloodpressure,temperature,breathingrateandpulsein_49_apersonswell-being.,名词的确定：,a.名词主要做主语、宾语;b.形容词或名词都可以修饰名词;Thehot,humid(潮湿的)airovertheoceancausessevereathunderstorms.（可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms）c.限定词（the,this,that,a,my之类）后必有名词;d.谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语;e.介词后面必有名词或相当与名词的词.,Thismodern_54_forpainmanagementhasledtoawealthofinnovativetreatmentswhicharemoreeffectiveandwithfewersideeffectsthaneverbefore.Decadesago,therewereonlya_55_numberofdrugsavailable,andmanyofthemcaused_56_sideeffectsinolderpeople,includingdizzinessandfatigue.,名词做主语，形容词修饰,Aswarspreadstomanycornersoftheglobe,childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe48ofpeacemakers.TheChildrensMovementforPeaceinColombiawasevennominated(提名)fortheNobelPeacePrizein1998.,名词做宾语，注意搭配,ThefloodofwomenintothejobmarketboostedeconomicgrowthandchangedU.S.societyinmanyways.Manyin-homejobsthatusedtobedone_47_bywomenrangingfromfamilyshoppingtopreparingmealstodoing_48_workstillneedtobedonebysomeone.Husbandsandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a_49_thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.Althoughthereisstillabigwage_50_betweenmenandwomen,theincomeworkingwomen_51_givesthemnewindependenceandbuyingpower.,冠词后面（of）,Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,49unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setup50anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderable51Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtranthroughmymind:youcantlearnifyoudonttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.,介词后面,形容词的确定：,1名词的前面。womenarecustomers.,2副词的后面。ElNinobroughtthemostweatherinmodernhistory.,当出现“a/the/themost/more+_+名词”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词,Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit49English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.,Booksprovide54materialsforreadersimaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.,Thismodern_54_forpainmanagementhasledtoawealthofinnovativetreatmentswhicharemoreeffectiveandwithfewersideeffectsthaneverbefore.Decadesago,therewereonlya_55_numberofdrugsavailable,andmanyofthemcaused_56_sideeffectsinolderpeople,includingdizzinessandfatigue.Thiscreatedadouble-edgedsword:themedicationshelpedrelievethepainbutcausedotherproblemsthatcouldbeworsethanthepainitself.,副词的确定：,2形容词的前面。buttheyarestillnotsurewhatleadstoit,1动词的附近（指前面或后面）。jobsthatusedtobedonebywomen,Notlongago,manycarsdealers_53_womenshoppersbyignoringthemorsuggestingthattheycomebackwiththeirhusbands.Nowcarcompanieshaverealizedthatwomenare_54_customers.ItsinterestingthatsomeleadingJapanesecardealerswerethefirstto_55_payattentiontowomencustomers.,Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural47forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn48tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto49fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthemindandthespirit.,Theclassroom50opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith51,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep52towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare53usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.,Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep56tofluency,eloquence(雄辩),andcommandoflanguage.,副词可做突破口。考试题目中选项最少，特征也最为明显。规律：在历年真题中只要出现ly一定为副词答案只能使用一次，不要求修改单词，需要区别的词汇越来越少。如果选项中出现一组反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是对于文章框架结构的理解，要求考生理解整篇文章的语境色彩。如果选项中出现一组近义词时，往往也有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。要有总体观，不必按顺序作题。,所谓语感，就是对语言的感觉，它是在平时学习和阅读中形成的一种潜在的语言能力。有时候是你无法解释理由，但你的选项是正确的。,2.运用逻辑和语言知识储备解题,Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit49English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.,Timeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain48.,(2)理清复杂句式或上下文的逻辑结构，尤其是并列结构，进行解题,Booksprovide54materialsforreadersimaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books55theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure56.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereadersbookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.,Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand54afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.,EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments47it.Theyfindthewritingprocess48anddifficult.,WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycantwrite,Iknowasateachermy51istoshowthemtherestofthe