初中定语从句基础篇

.,初中定语从句基础讲解,.,什么是定语从句呢？,修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,结构：先行词+关系词+句子,Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,.,Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.,先行词,_,_,关系词,_,定语从句,.,关系词,关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why,先行词是人(n.)+who/that+从句先行词是物(n.)+that/which+从句,.,Ihaveanapple.,Anappleisred.,Ihaveanapple,thatisred.,修饰先行词anapple,主语,主语,关系词that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。,.,Ilikesomefriends.,Somefriendslikesports.,Ilikesomefriends,who/thatlikesports.,修饰先行词friends,主语,主语,关系词who/that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。,.,Ilikethemusic.,Icandancetothemusic.,Ilikethemusic,that/whichIcandanceto.,宾语,宾语,关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。,.,Ilikethegirl.,Youaretalkingtothegirl.,Ilikethegirl,who(m)youaretalkingto.,宾语,宾语,/that,关系词who/that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。,.,小结：which指_，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.,who指_，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）that可指_，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。,物,人,人或物,.,关系代词who/that的作用：a.做代词，代替先行词b.在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾语c.做连词，把主句和从句连接起来,Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.,.,注意,1.who和whomTheladywho/thatistalkingtomyteacherismymother.Theladywho/whom/thatmyteacheristalkingtoismymother.先行词在从句中做主语，用who/that先行词在从句中做宾语，用who/whom/thatwho是主格，whom是宾格,.,注意,2.什么时候可以省略关系代词,Thegirlwho/whomissinginganEnglishsongisTomssister.Mr.Liuistheperson(who/whom/that)youtalkedaboutoften.总结：先行词在从句中做宾语，可以省略关系代词；先行词在从句中做主语，不可以省略关系代词。,.,练习：判断Who/that在从句中担任主语还是宾语。,IlovesingerswhowritetheirownsongsHeisthemanwhoImetyesterday.IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.Ipreferasandwichthatisreallydelicious.,主语,宾语,宾语,主语,.,3.whose作定语,表示所属关系。,Theboyismyclassmate.Theboysfatherisapoliceman.,Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.,Haveyouseenabook_coverisread?A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what,.,1Ihavesomefriendsthat_(be)friendly.2.QiuWeizheisaboywho_(like)basketball.,定语从句几点注意：,（一）关系代词作主语时，从句的谓语动词的数由先行词决定。,are,likes,.,只能用that的几种情况,1.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.2.Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.3.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?4.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.请自己总结哪四种情况只能用that,.,不能用that的情况1)Thegirlwho/thatisstandingthereismysister.Theboy,whoisverytall,ismycousin.在含有逗号的非限制性定语从句中，不能用that,.,5.不能用that的情况2)Thewomanwho/whom/thatmyteacheristalkingtoismymother.=Thewomantowhommyteacheristalkingismymother.若将定语从句末尾的介词提到关系代词前，只能用which/whom,构成：介词+whom/介词+which思考：Thechildrenwho/whom/thatthenursetakescareofarehealthy.这个定语从句末尾的介词of不能提前，为什么？,.,用who/that/which/whom填空。1.Ihaveabrother_likessoccer.2.Tomdoesntlikemovies_aretoolongandtooscary.3.Wepreferbands_playloudandenergeticsongs.4.Helikesfriends_oftenhelpeachother.,who/that,which/that,which/that,who/that,.,用who/that/which/whom填空。5.Ihaventwatchedthemovie_myfriendsaretalkingabout.6.Thewoman_myfatheristalkingtoismyEnglishteacher.7.Theteacherisangrywiththeboy_madeabigmistake.8.Thosearethesingers_wemetattheparty.,which/that/省略,who/whom/that,who/that,who/whom/that/省略,.,用who/that/which/whom填空。9.Icantforgetthepeopleandtheplace_wevisitedlastmonth.10.Whoisthedoctor_willgiveusatalk?.11.Whichisthebook_youwanttobuy?12.Imtheonlyperson_candothisjobright.13.Itisthemostdelicious_Ihaveeverhad.14.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?15.Youarethefirstperson_tellsmethetruth.,that/省略,that,that,that,that/省略,that,that,.,下列情况只能用that,1.序数词,形容词最高级,theonly,thevery,thelast修饰先行词时。,eg.Youaretheverypersonthatcandoitright.,2.当先行词是指物的anything,something,nothing,none,everything,等不定代词时。,.,3.当先行词同时包括人或物时。eg.Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweareinterestedin.我们常常谈论我们感兴趣的人或事。4.当主句是who或which引导的问句时。eg.Whoisthegirlthathasblacklonghair?eg.Whichisthepenthatyoubought?,.,不能用that,也不能省略关系词的情况1.非限制性定语从句Theblueteam,whichisatthetopoftheleague,isntplayingwelltoday.（非限制性定语从句）FootballisagamewhichIlovebest.(限制性定语从句）2.关系词跟在介词后时ThisistheclassmatefromwhomIhavelearnetalot.Thisistheroominwhichwelive.,.,.,.,.,Exercise,1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.,who/that,which/that,whose,3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.,2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.,.,4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.,5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.,which/that,whom,6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.,which/that,.,7.Isthereanything_youwanttob