国际货币基金组织概述(PPT 30页).ppt

InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF),环小丽2011312866,IntroductionReinforcinginternationalcooperationEnsuringsufficientresourcesThehistoryofinternationalmonetaryfundTheactivitiesof-TheaimsAnadaptionThetoolsHowtobeonememberofIMF,Introduction,Alatestnews：worldleaderslaunchactionplantocombatfinancialcrisisonNovember15,2008TheaimsisatresolvingtheglobalfinancialcrisisandsupportingtheIMFscapacitytocontributetotheseefforts,ManagingDirectorStrauss-Kahnsaid:1)Theemphasisonfiscalstimulusisessentialtorestoreglobalgrowth2)Thedeclarationrecognizesthatsomecountrieshavemoreroomformaneuverthanothers3)Theglobalstimulusneedstobelarge,intheorderof2percentofworldGDP,tomakeasizeabledifferencetoglobalgrowthprospects,Reinforcinginternationalcooperation,Strauss-KahnnotedG-20sendorsementofstrengtheningtheIMFsmandateintheareasofmacroeconomicsurveillance，lendingtomembercountriesinneed，andprovidingassistancetobuildupcapacityinemergingmarketanddevelopingcountriesItsroleinreformoffinancialmarketsisbasedonitsresponsibilityforsurveillanceoftheglobalfinancialsystem,Ensuringsufficientresources,Thesufficientresourcescanhelptoovercomecrisis.Ithasactedtohelpemergingmarketscaughtupinthecrisis-loansforHungaryandUkraine-agreementinprinciplewithPakistan-aloanforIceland,Thehistory(5period),1)Cooperationandreconstruction(1994-1917)2)TheendoftheBrettonWoodsSystem(1972-1981)3)Debtandpainfulreforms(1982-1989)4)Theendofcommunism(1989-2004)5)Continuedglolalization(2005-present),1)Cooperationandreconstruction(1994-1917)-foundreason:breakdownininternationalmonetarycooperation-itwasconceivedinJuly1944-itcameintoformalexistenceinDecember1945-itsmembershipbegantoexpandinthelate1950sandduringthe1960s,2)TheendoftheBrettonWoodsSystem(1972-1981)-byearly1960s,dollarsfixedvalue,undertheBrettonWoodssystemoffixedexchangerates-thesystemcollapse,themembershavebeenfreetochooseanyformofexchangearrangement,3)Debtandpainfulreforms(1982-1989)-theoilshocksofthe1970s-during1970s,expansionaryfiscalpoliciesandovervaluedexchangerates-crisisbrokeoutinMexicoin1982,4)Theendofcommunism(1989-2004)-thefallofBerlinwallin1989andthedissolutionoftheSovietUnionin1991enabledittobeauniversalinstitution-itsstaffexpandedbynear30percent,5)Continuedglolalization(2005-present)-thesharpriseinprivateinternationalcapitalflows-globalizationaffectscountrieslabor,trade,andtaxpolicies,The5activities,Policyadvicetogovernmentsandcentralbanksbasedonanalysisofeconomictrendsandcross-countryexperienceResearch,statistics,forecasts,andanalysisbasedontrackingofglobal，regional，andindividualeconomiesandmarkets,LoanstohelpcountriesovercomeeconomicdifficultiesConfessionalloantofightpovertyindevelopingcountriesTechnicalassistanceandtrainingtohelpcountriesimprovethemanagementoftheireconomies,Theaims,ThemajordisciplineistherequirementthatexchangeratesbefixedtothedollarTheIMFsmaingoalistoensurethestabilityoftheinternationalmonetaryandfinancialsystemThefoundersaimedtobuildaframeworkforeconomiccooperationthatwouldavoidarepetitionofthedisastrouseconomicpolicies,WhatareFundthatcontinuetodo？,ProvideaforumforcooperationoninternationalmonetaryproblemsFacilitatethegrowthofinternationaltrade，thuspromotingjobcreation，economicgrowthandpovertyreduction,PromoteexchangeratestabilityandanopensystemofinternationalpaymentLendcountriesforeignexchangewhenneeded，ontemporarybasisandunderadequatesafeguards，tohelpthemaddressbalanceofpaymentproblems,Severalwaysofanadapting,EnhancingInternationalMonetaryFundlendingfacilitiesStrengtheningthemonitoringofglobal，regional，andcountryeconomiesHelpingresolveglobaleconomicimbalance,Analyzingcapitalmarketdevelopment:AssessingfinancialsectorvulnerabilitiesWorkingtocutpovertyImprovingIMFgovernanceGreateraccountabilityandtransparency,Thetools,Threemaintools:1)economicsurveillance-monitorglobal,regional,andnationaleconomicdevelopment;seektoassesstheimpactoftheeconomicpoliciesofindividualcountriesonothereconomies,2)technicalassistanceandtraining-aimtohelpmembercountriesstrengthentheircapacitytodesignandimplementeffectivepolicies-fourareas:a.monetaryandfinancialpoliciesb.fiscalpolicyandmanagementc.statisticsd.askfortechnicalassistanceinworksection,3)lending-itcanbetappedtofacilitaterecovery-continuedfinancialsupport-thememberscanborrowgoldandforeigncurrenciesfromFund-itprovidelow-incomecountieswithloansataconfessionalrate,Howtobeamember?,Tobecomeamember,acountrymustapplyandthenbeacceptedbyamajorityoftheexistingmembers;uponjoining,theyareassignedaquotawhichdelineatesseveralbasicaspectsCollaboratingwithothersCooperatingwithotherinternationalorganizations,Basicaspects,Subscriptions:itdeterminesthemaximumamountoffinancialresourcesthememberisobligedtoprovidetotheInternationalMonetaryFund.Votingpower:Eachmemberhas250basicvoteplusoneadditionalvoteforeachSDR(SpecialDrawingRights特别提款权)100,000ofquota.Accesstofinancing（融资渠道）SDRallocations（特别提款权配额）:itusedasaninternationalreserveasset.,Collaboratingwithothers,CollaborationwiththeWorldBankRelation:-Differfromeach,butcomplementeachotherswork-IMFfocusonmacroeconomicandfinancialsectorissues,theWorldBankfocusonlong-termdevelopmentandpovertyreduction.-CountriesmustjoinInternationalMonetaryfirstthenthemareeligibleforWorldBankmembership.,Collaborationsector:-povertyreductionandhelpingcountriesdrawuppovertyreductionstrategies-assessmentsofmembercountriesfinancialsector,-developmentofstandardsandcodes-improvementofthequality,availability,