信息与通信工程专业英语习题2018

一：专业词汇1、SIFT：尺度不变特征转换；2、ANMS：自适应非极大值抑制法；3、BM3D：三维块匹配；4、binary thresholding segmentation：最优二值阈值分割5、rough entropy：粗糙熵6、rough fuzzy set：粗糙模糊集/粗模糊集 7、Plasma resonance sensing：等离子体共振传感8、Long period grating：长周期光栅9、Optical sensor：光学传感器10、optical fiber sensors：光纤传感器11、Evanescent field:：倏逝场12、biochemical sensing：生物医学传感13、Simultaneous Localization and Mapping（SLAM）：同时定位与地图构建14、Loop Closure Detection：回环检测15、General Graph Optimization（g2o）：开源的图优化库16、Massive multiple-input multiple output（MIMO）：大容量多输入多输出17、time-division duplex system（TDD：时分双工系统18、frequency-division duplex system（FDD）：分频双工系统19、spectral efficiency：频谱效率20、joint transmission coordinated multipoint：联合传动协调多点21、GSM：全球移动通信系统(Global System for Mobile communications)22、MSC：移动业务交换中心(mobileswitchingcenter)23、WAP：无线应用通讯协议（Wireless Application Protocol）24、redundancy ：冗余度 25、sampling ：抽样 26、quantitative：量化27、demodulate：解调 28、multiplexable：多路复用的 29、resolution：分辨率30、Simultaneous Localization and Mapping：即时定位与建图31、Visual Odometry：视觉里程计32、Laser Scanner：激光雷达 33、Time-domain：时域34、Finite-element：有限元35、Carrier-frequency：载波频率36、 peak-to-average power ratio：峰均功率比 37、wavelet packet division multiplexing：小波包分复用 38、adaptive transmission：自适应传输 39、Embedded System：嵌入式系统40、ASIC：专用集成电路41、integrated ecosystem：综合生态系统42、Water quality monitoring：水质监测43、chemical oxygen demand：化学需氧量（COD）44、ultraviolet-visible：紫外-可见光光谱（UV-Vis）45、electrode：电极46、semiconductor：半导体47、triboelectric：摩擦电的48、Molar extinction coeffcient：摩尔消光系数 49、electrodeposition：电沉积50、Heterojunction：异质结二：英译汉1、 We consider their application to blending realtime panoramic videos, a key problem in various virtual reality tasks. To evaluate the performances and suitabilities of the six algorithms for this problem, we have created a video benchmark with several videos captured under various conditions.翻译:我们将其应用于混合实时全景视频，这是各种虚拟现实任务中的关键问题。为了评估六种算法在这个问题上的性能和适用性，我们创建了一个视频基准，在不同的条件下捕获了几个视频。2、 As human eyes are sensitive to color and lighting inconsistencies within images, image blending is used to provide smooth transitions between image parts from different sources.翻译:由于人眼对图像中的颜色和光照的不一致很敏感，因此图像混合用于提供来自不同来源的图像部件之间的平滑过渡。3、 Taking casual videos by personal devices such as smartphones has become a popular way to record highlights of peoples personal lives.However, despite the increasing sensor resolution, the field of view (FOV) of the cameras are still limited by the built-in consumer-grade lens, making the captured videos less immersive.翻译：通过智能手机等个人设备拍摄休闲视频已经成为记录人们个人生活亮点的流行方式。然而，尽管传感器分辨率越来越高，但摄像机的视野（FOV）仍受限于内置的消费级镜头，使拍摄的视频少了一些真实感。4、 The optimization principle to achieve the optimal thresholding segmentation is maximizing the rough entropy. The authors pointed out that maximizing the rough entropy to get the required thresholding implies minimizing both the object roughness and background roughness.翻译：实现最优阈值分割的优化原理是使粗糙熵最大化。作者们指出，为得到所需阈值而使粗糙熵最大化意味着使目标粗糙度和背景粗糙度最小化。5、Although minimizing both the roughness usually leads to an optimal thresholding image, it seems that the essential explanation why maximizing the rough entropy/ implies minimizing both the roughness seems unsatisfied due to the opposite changes of object roughness against the background roughness. 翻译：虽然使两者粗糙度最小化一般都会得到一副最优阈值图像，但是从本质上对为什么使粗糙熵最小化意味着使两个粗糙度最小化的解释似乎是不尽人意的，因为目标粗糙度与背景粗糙度的变化是相反的。6、There are three basic operators which form the basis for edge detection. They are Sobel operator, which detects edges using 33 convolution matrixes, Robert cross operator, which detects edges using 22 convolution matrixes, and Prewitt operator, which is similar to Sobel operator and is used to detect vertical and horizontal edges in image . 翻译：边缘检测的基础由三个基本算子组成，分别是用3x3的卷积矩阵检测边缘的Sobel算子，用2x2的卷积矩阵检测边缘的罗伯特交叉算子，以及与Sobel相似的用于探测垂直和水平边缘的Prewitt算子。 7、 Plasma resonance sensing technology is one of the most practical and most promising biomedical detection technologies for single molecule detection.翻译：等离子体共振传感技术是当今实用化最强、最有可能实现单分子检测的生物医学检测技术之一。8、It is not only the medium for signal transmission, but also the sensitive component itself. Fiber optic sensors offer significant advantages over electronic and bulk sensors.翻译：它不仅是信号传输的媒介，也是敏感元件本身。 与电子传感器和体光传感器相比，光纤传感器更具有明显的优势。9、Fiber-optic communication technology has dramatically changed the way people communicate on a global scale. It has been found that optical fibers are not only a medium for long-distance transmission, but also an excellent material for preparing optical devices having special functions.翻译：光纤通信技术极大地改变了人们在全球范围内的通信状况。 已经发现，光纤不仅是用于长距离传输的介质，而且是用于制备具有特殊功能的光学器件的优异材料。10、Plasmonics is one of the most powerful technology for biomedical detection which may realize single molecule detection.翻译：等离子体共振传感技术是当今实用化最强、最有可能实现单分子检测的生物医学检测技术之一。11、Optical microfibers and nanofibers have diameters close to or smaller than the wavelength of the guided light.翻译：光学微纤维和纳米纤维的直径接近或小于导光的波长。12、The combination of high sensitivity plasmonic technology and flexible optical fiber sensors provides a new method for in-situ detection of modern biosensors.翻译：高灵敏度的等离子体共振传感技术与纤细的光纤载体相结合，为现代生物传感研究提供了一种可实现在体原位检测的全新方法。13、We present ORB-SLAM2 a complete SLAM system for monocular, stereo and RGB-D cameras, including map reuse, loop closing and relocalization capabilities. The system works in real-time in standard CPUs in a wide variety of environments from small hand-held indoors sequences, to drones flying in industrial environments and cars driving around a city.翻译：本文为单目、立体和RGB-D相机提供完整的SLAM系统ORB-SLAM2，包括地图重建，循环关闭和重定位功能。 该系统可在各种环境中的标准处理器中实时工作，从小型手持室内装备，到工业环境中飞行的无人机和城市周围的汽车。14、Our backend based on Bundle Adjustment with monocular and stereo observations allows for accurate trajectory estimation with metric scale. Our system includes a lightweight localization mode that leverages visual odometry tracks for unmapped regions and matches to map points that allow for zero-drift localization. 翻译：后端基于光束平差法，具有单目和立体观察能力，允许使用公制尺度进行精确的轨迹估计。该系统包括轻量级定位模式，利用未映射区域的视觉测距轨迹，并匹配允许零漂移定位的地图点。15、Visual SLAM can be performed by using just a monocular camera, which is the cheapest and smallest sensor setup. However as depth is not observable from just one camera,the scale of the map and estimated trajectory is unknown.In addition the system bootstrapping require multi-view or filtering techniques to produce an initial map as it cannot be triangulated from the very first frame. Last but not least,monocular SLAM suffers from scale drift and may fail if performing pure rotations in exploration. By using a stereo or an RGB-D camera all these issues are solved and allows for the most reliable Visual SLAM solutions.翻译：可以通过只使用单目相机来实现视觉SLAM，这是最便宜和最小的传感器设备。 然而，由于仅从一个摄像机无法观察到深度，因此地图的比例和估计的轨迹是未知的。此外，系统不能从第一帧进行三角测量，需要多视图或滤波技术来产生初始地图。 最后，但最重要的是单目SLAM会受到比例漂移的影响，如果在勘探中进行纯旋转，可能会失败。 通过使用立体声或RGB-D相机，所有这些问题都得到了解决，并提供了最可靠的视觉 SLAM解决方案。16、5G will have to support a multitude of new applications with a wide variety of requirements, including higher peak and user data rates, reduced latency, enhanced indoor coverage, increased number of devices, and so on.翻译：5G将不得不支持具有多种需求的大量新应用，包括更高的峰值和用户数据速率、减少延迟、增强室内覆盖率、增加设备数量等等。17、Recent research has identified major challenges such as a massive growth in the number of connected devices and traffic, as well as a wider and more diverse set of requirements and characteristics, starting from low latency and low rate for control messages between devices to multi-gigabits per second for interactive multimedia翻译：最近的研究已经确定了当前的主要挑战，例如连接设备和通信量的大幅度增长，以及更广泛和更多样化的要求和特点，从设备之间的控制信息的低延迟和低速率，到交互式多媒体每秒几千兆位。18、5G architecture might turn into an important source of innovation for the future Internet ecosystem.翻译：5G架构可能成为未来互联网生态系统的重要创新源泉。19、European policy makers have shown a keen interest in the success of 5G because ubiquitous and high capacity electronic communication infrastructure is recognized as a cornerstone of economic development and productivity growth.翻译：欧洲政策制定者对5G的成功表现出浓厚的兴趣，因为无处不在的高容量电子通信基础设施被认为是经济发展和生产力增长的基石。20、5G opens the mobile business ecosystem to new entrants for local service delivery.翻译：5G为新进入者提供移动业务生态系统，以提供本地服务。21、Regulations for 5G need to address technical improvements and operation in higher frequency bands.翻译：5G的规定需要解决更高频段的技术改进和操作问题。22、it is imperative that the communication protocols can develop and implement communication operations according to the UAVs states and evolution of the flying environment. In other words, the communication protocols should be intelligent and adaptive, with the capacities of decision making and self-optimizing. Besides, the protocols should be robust and reliable, as well as have high overall performance.翻译：通信协议必须根据无人机的状态和飞行环境的演变来开发和实现通信操作。换句话说，通信协议应该是智能和只适应的，具有决策和自我优化能力的。此外，协议应该是稳健和可靠的，并且具有高整体性能。23、There are many ways to achieve communication. At present, the most widely used is electric communication. That is to say, electric signals carry the information to be transmitted through various telecommunication channels to achieve the purpose of communication. This communication is characterized by speed, accuracy, reliability, etc., and is almost free from time, place, space, distance restrictions.翻译：实现通信的方式很多，目前使用最广泛的是电通信方式，即用电信号携带所要传递的信息，经过各种电信道进行传输，达到通信的目的。这种通信具有迅速、准确、可靠等特点，而且几乎不受时间、地点、空间、距离的限制。24、Network layer is also called Internet layer, because the main protocol of this layer is IP protocol, so it can also be referred to as IP layer. It is the most important layer in the TCP/IP stack and its main function is to send packets from the source host to any target host on the Internet. As we can imagine, since there may be multiple channels connecting the source host and the target host, the network layer has to make a choice among these channels, that is routing.翻译：网络层也称互联网层，由于该层的主要协议是IP协议，因而也可简称为IP层。它是TCP/IP协议栈中最重要的一层，主要功能是可以把源主机上的分组发送到互联网中的任何一台目标主机上。我们可以想象，由于在源主机和目标主机之间可能有多条通道相连，因而网络层就要在这些通路中做出选择，即进行路由选择。25、First, since impact events or acoustic emissions are transient and unpredictable in terms of both time and location of occurrence, several FBG sensors mounted on different parts of a structure need to be monitored simultaneously at all times.翻译：首先，由于碰撞事件或声发射在发生的时间和位置方面是瞬态的和不可预测的，因此需要同时监视安装在结构的不同部分上的若干FBG传感器。26、A second technical challenge arises from the fact that the dynamic signals of interest are typically very small and usually coexist on a background of much larger quasistatic signals.翻译：第二个技术挑战源于这样的事实：感兴趣的动态信号通常非常小并且通常在更大的准静态信号的背景上共存。27、As will be shown in this work, two-wave mixing in photorefractive crystals is not only adaptive to filter out low-frequency drifts, it is also readily multiplexable. This enables demodulation of small dynamic signals in the presence of large quasistatic drifts from multiple FBG sensors simultaneously in a single demodulator.翻译：正如本文所展示的那样，光折变晶体中的双波混频不仅可以滤除低频漂移，而且还易于多路复用。 这使得在单个解调器中同时存在来自多个FBG传感器的大准静态漂移时，能够解调小动态信号。28、We present a system that estimates the motion of a stereo head, or a single moving camera, based on video input. The system operates in real time with low delay, and the motion estimates are used for navigational purposes. The front end of the system is a feature tracker. Point features are matched between pairs of frames and linked into image trajectories at video rate. Robust estimates of the camera motion are then produced from the feature tracks using a geometric hypothesize-and-test architecture. 翻译：我们提出了一种基于视频输入估计立体声头或单个移动相机的运动的系统。 该系统以低延迟实时操作，并且运动估计用于导航目的。 系统的前端是功能跟踪器。点特征在帧对之间匹配并且以视频速率链接到图像轨迹中。 然后使用几何假设和测试架构从特征轨迹产生对摄像机运动的稳健估计。29、This generates motion estimates from visual input alone. No prior knowledge of the scene or the motion is necessary.翻译：仅通过视觉输入生成运动估计。 不需要事先了解场景或动作。30、The visual estimates can also be used in conjunction with information from other sources, such as a global positioning system, inertia sensors, wheel encoders, etc. The pose estimation method has been applied successfully to video from aerial, automotive, and handheld platforms。翻译：视觉估计还可以与来自其他来源的信息结合使用，例如全球定位系统，惯性传感器，车轮编码器等。姿势估计方法已成功应用于来自航空，汽车和手持平台的视频。31、An analytic method for fast design of aperiodic fiber bragg grating devices by use of fourier mode coupling theory is presented.翻译：一种使用傅里叶模式耦合理论的快速设计非周期光纤布拉格光栅器件的分析方法被呈现了出来。32、Since next-generation (5G) wireless communication systems require high-speed processing of large amounts of data and wider bandwidth,high-speed processing of large amounts of data and wider bandwidth,the millimeter wave (mmwave) band becomes increasingly important and transmission technologies require a large number of antennas.翻译：由于下一代（5G）无线通信系统需要高速率处理大量数据并且需要更宽的带宽，因此毫米波（mmwave）频带变得越来越重要并且传输技术需要大量的天线。33、In the MIMO system which employs multiple antennas in the transmitter and receiver, the correlation between transmit and receive antenna is an important aspect of the MIMO channel.翻译：在发送机和接收机采用多根天线的MIMO系统中，发射天线和接收天线的相关性是MIMO信道的一个重要方面。34、Diversity techniques are used to mitigate degradation in the error performance due to unstable wireless fading channels, for example, subject to the multipath fading.翻译：分集技术用来缓解由无线信道的不稳定衰落（如多径衰落）造成的差错性能的下降。35、Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a powerful supplement, which has gained tremendous attention recently and has become a favorable technology in short-range communication scenarios for the Fifth Generation (5G) networks. 翻译：可见光通信（VLC）是一种强有力的补充，近来获得了极大的关注，并已成为第五代（5G）网络短距离通信场景中的有利技术。36、The Fifth Generation (5G) wireless systems is the next wave in mobile telecommunications beyond the current 4G standards.翻译：第五代（5G）无线系统是超越当前4G标准的移动通信的下一波浪潮。37、The motivation of this paper is to experimentally evaluate how the WiFi access network with the assistance of SDN can efficiently couple the VLC connectivity across two LED lamps, facing loss of connectivity at the dead zones, which are created between the two coverage areas.翻译：本文的动机是通过实验评估在SDN的帮助下WiFi接入网络如何有效地将VLC连接耦合在两个LED灯上，面临在两个覆盖区域之间创建的死区的连接丢失。38、The application of spectral analysis in the field of water quality monitoring is an important development direction of modern environmental monitoring technology. It has the advantages of high-parameter online monitoring such as high measurement accuracy and wide measurement range.翻译：光谱分析在水质监测领域的应用是现代环境监测技术的一个重要发展方向，具有测量精度高、测量范围广等多参数在线监测的优势。39、Online water quality monitoring is an important basis and effective means to achieve water environmental protection, drinking water safety, sewage treatment and pollutant emission control, and water resources