英语中考专项练习—句子的种类

句子的种类一、陈述句1）陈述句的肯定形式I am a sixteen-year-old German student.She wants to know what you think.They will write a report about wasting water.Mary showed us around the modern schoolThe Russians have sent an Astronaut into space.2）陈述句的否定形式把陈述句改为否定句可以归纳为以下三种情况） 在be, have, will, shall, can, need, must, may, should, would, could后直接加 not e.g Lily and Liz are twins.Lily and Liz arent twins.e.g She can speak English very fluently.She cant speak English very fluentlye.g They have got four classes in the morningThey havent got four classes in the morninge.g There will be a lecture in our school tomorrow.There wont be a lecture in our school tomorrow.2) 在助动词do, does或did后加not, 再把它们放在行为动词前面，而行为动词原形e.g We clean the room every dayWe dont clean the room every daye.g .She finished her homework yesterdayShe didnt finish her homework yesterdaye.g .Mary speaks English very well.Mary doesnt speak English very well.3) 否定句可有其他形式表示如句中出现no, nobody, few, little, neither, hardly, nor, never等There are no books on the desk.Nobody can answer my questionThere is little time leftNeither of my parents is a teacher二疑问句疑问句就是提出问题，让对方作出回答英语中有四种疑问句，即一般疑问句，殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句一般疑问句用Yes或No来回答的疑问句，一般用升调它的构成有如下两种：）用be动词，助动词(will, shall, would, should)，情态动词 (can, need, must, may, could) 或have 开头Can she speak English?Are you all students?）用助动词（do, did, does）开头，后接动词原形Do you go to school on foot?Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday?2. 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问句词加一般疑问句构成它不能用Yes或No回答，一般用降调常见的特殊疑问词有what, who, whom, when, what time, where, why, which, whose, how old, how many可数名词复数，how much不可数名词, how long, how far, how fast, how soon1). 疑问词who, what作主语或主语的一部分时，用陈述语序Which picture is the best? What happened to him just now?Who has lunch fastest at school in our class?2)疑问词 when, where, why, how等加一般疑问句When will you go to the airport to meet your uncle?Where is Li Ping?Why didnt she go to the cinema last night?How long have you lived here?3) 选择疑问句在疑问句中, 用or连接两个或两个以上等同成分的单词或词组,让别人进行选择,不能用Yes或No来回答,而只能是选择其中之一,或全选,或全不选来回答.它可以有以下两种形式A 由一般疑问句开头eg. Is there any coffee or water in the cup?Do you often play basketball or play the piano?B 由特殊疑问句开头eg. Who gets up earlier, your father or your mother?Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?反意疑问句由两部分组成，前半句为陈述句，后半句是一个附着在前半句上的简短问句，回答时用Yes或No它的构成和回答主要如下：）如果前半句是肯定句，那么后半句是否定的缩写形式e.g. They are interested in collecting stamps, arent they?- Yes, they are. 是的他们对收集邮票感兴趣-No, they arent. 不，他们他们对收集邮票不感兴趣.）如果前半句是否定句，那么后半句就用肯定形式加代词构成e.g: Tom didnt pass the exam, did he? - Yes, he did. 不，他通过了考试- No, he didnt. 是，他没通过考试三、祈使句1、含义：表示命令、请求、建议、劝告的句子被称为祈使句。它所表达的动作通常都还未发生的，因此，对这类句子的应答通常用“一般将来时”。祈使句都省略了第二人称you。2、祈使句以动词原形开头，否定的祈使句以Dont+动词原形开头。3、祈使句的反意疑问句，由“will you” 或”shall we”构成4、Let us , will you? Lets , shall we?e.g. Dont walk on the grass. A: Please wait me at school gate. B: Ok, I will. A: Dont play football in the street. B: No, I wont.5、祈使句与条件状语从句的互相转换：祈使句 + and +一般将来时， 表示“递进”。祈使句 + or + 一般将来时，表示“否则” Stand up and you will see him clearly. If you stand up, you will see him clearly. Stop or will fire. If you dont stop, I will fire. 6、祈使句的反意疑问句的变化： Lets have a picnic, shall we? Please open the window, will you?Please dont close the window, will you?Let us have a barbecue, will you?四、感叹句1、含义：感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等 情绪。2、感叹句是由what和how引导，其句型结构为“What/How+感叹部分+主语+谓语！”。 3、What 引导的感叹句）What + a (an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful voice she has!她的声音多美啊！ ）What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语！ What kind doctors they are!他们是多好的医生啊！ ）What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What good news it is!4、How 引导的感叹句 How+形容词+主语+谓语！ How clever you are! How+副词+主语+谓语！ How well she dances!5、“What + a (an) +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！”句型可转换为“How+形容词 +主语+谓语！”句型。 What a clever boy he is! How clever the boy is!中考演练一、Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案)( ) 1. He can hardly read any Japanese ,_?A. can he B. cant he C. does he D. doesnt he( ) 2. The girl needs some help , _she ?A. does B. doesnt C. needs D. neednt( ) 3. A: _did you stay there ? B: For a few months .A. How long B. What time C. How D. How far( ) 4. A: Does she like dancing or singing ? B: _ .A. Yes, she does B. No , she doesntC. She likes dancing D. She like singing( ) 5. The little boy was _clever _he worked out the problem in a few minutes.A. such-that B. so-enough C. so-that D. too-to( ) 6. Not only you but also I _good at playing football.A. are B. is C. were D. am( ) 7. Either he or you _ right.A. is B. are C. to be D. was( ) 8. Look at the girl at the table , could you tell me who_?A. is she B. she is C. was she D. she was( ) 9. I dont know_.A. where he lives now B. where is he living nowC. where he living is now D. he is living where( ) 10. Neither of the waiters _Japanese in the hotel.A. knows B. know C. say D. says( ) 11.Hes seldom late for school,_ _ ?A. hasnt he B. isnt C. has he D. is he( ) 12. Lets take a walk outside ,_ _?A. dont we B. will you C. shall we D. have we( ) 13. _do you prefer , rice or noodles ?A. What B. Which C. How D. When( ) 14. A: _is it from our school to the museum? B: About 20 minutes walk. A. How long B. How fast C. How far D. How soon.( ) 15. A: _does Peter weigh now ? B: 44 kilos A. How heavy B. How C. How much D. What( ) 16. Dont drink too much coffee in the evening , _you wont fall asleep. A. and B. or C. but D. so( )17. Study hard , _you will catch up with others.A. and B. or C. but D. so( ) 18. The war was over about three months ago, _ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with. A. or B. and C. but D. so( ) 19.The doctors tried their best to save the patients life, _ failed. A. or B. so C. but D. because.( ) 20. In spring it is _hot _cold in Shanghai. A. both-and B. either-or C. neither-nor D. not only-but also( ) 21. _you _your sister can join us. We want just one of you. A. Both-and B. Both-or C. Neither-nor D. Either-or( ) 22. We can use MSN to talk with each other on the Internet. Really? Will you please show me _it ? A. what to use B. how to use C. how can I use D. what I can use( ) 23. Ill go for a walk with you as soon as this composition_-. A. finishes B. is finished C. will be finished D. finished( ) 24. I was watching an interesting TV play _the telephone rang. A. when B. while C. soon D. as( )25. _Australia is very large ,_its population is quite small. A. Though-but B. /-so that C. /-but D. As-/( ) 26.A: _do you clean your classroom ? B:Every day. A. How much B. How long C. How often D. How soon( ) 27._useful information you have given me ! Thank you very much . A. How B. What an C. What D. What a( ) 28. They hardly have lunch at home, _? A. do they B. have they C. dont they D. havent they( ) 29. _important piece of news shes told me ! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an( ) 30. _freezing weather it is ! The river is covered with thick ice. A. How B. What C. What a D. What an二、Rewrite the sentences as required.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)1. Mr. Happy hardly knew any French when he was young .(改为反意疑问句)Mr. Happy hardly knew any French when he was young ， _ _?2. They are very interested in the news you told them . （改为感叹句）_ _ news you told them is !3. Many countries make laws to fight pollution . (改为被动语态)Laws _ _ by many countries to fight pollution. 4. He usually does some reading after supper . (改为否定句)He _usually _ any reading after supper .5. It will only take you about a quarter to get there by taxi .（对划线部分提问）_ _will it take you to get there by taxi ?6. They took the wounded soldier to the field hospital. (改为被动语态)The wounded soldier _ _ to the field hospital .7.How did the students in your school like the film Harry Potter? (保持原句意思)_did the students in your school _ of the film Harry Potter?8. Go to bed earlier , or you will feel tired tomorrow . (保持原句意思)_you _ go to bed earlier , you will feel tired tomorrow .9. The new bridge will be built in three months. (对划线部分提问)_ _ will the new bridge be built ?10. Lucy went to Australia for further study. (对划线部分提问)_ _Lucy go to Australia ?11. If you are careless , you wont get good marks in the coming final exams .(保持原句意思)_ _ , or you wont get good marks in the coming final exams .12. Kitty has a piano lesson every weekend . (改为否定句)Kitty _ _a piano lesson every weekend .同步精练一、Turn the following into negative sentences (将下列肯定句变成否定句)1） There is a pen and a book on the desk.2） I have collected a lot of information about birds.3） She speaks English quite fluently.4） The children had a wonderful time in the park.5） We often do our homework.6） Jack has one hundred coins in the box.7) Toms parents will depart for Beijing tomorrow.8) The book cost me a lot of money.9) My father used to smoke a lot.10) He has already learnt how to draw.11) Joan can dance rather well.12) Youd better go to see the doctor soon.二、Turn the following into general questions (将下列句子改为一般疑问句)1）I was born in Shanghai in 1989.2) We are going to make a trip next week.3) Shanghai has changed greatly in the past 10 years.4) Thomas read the book carefully.5) Peters got something to eat in the kitchen.6) My aunt has a meeting to attend.7) Theres a lot of rice in the b