2020届高考英语词汇综合练系列06（冲刺段）（含解析）

2020届高考英语词汇冲刺段综合练06一、单项填空1-7代词、连词和名词1.(2020年浙江高考英语押题卷)Though Toms excuse for being absent was as good as _ other, I dont believe it was a fact.A. one B. each C. every D. any【答案】D【解析】句意：尽管汤姆缺席的借口好像很不错，但是我不相信那是事实。as good as any other后面省略了excuse。故选D项。2.(2020年第三次全国大联考江苏卷)The fire took place in Tianjin Harbor and the damage _ caused could be very expensive, especially when we consider the physical and psychological losses.A. one B. which C. that D. it【答案】D【解析】句意：大火发生在天津港，它所带来的破坏是巨大的，我们认为尤其是物质和心理上的损失。此题考查代词的用法，特指代前面提过的大火，故需要用“it”，所以答案为D。3.(2020年第三次全国大联考浙江卷)It cost the lady much to have broken the law. I wonder why she stole things _ she could easily afford them.A. in case B. so that C. when D. unless【答案】C4.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Expanding populations and steadily improving communications brought more trade and contact, but also more _ between social groups.A. cooperation B. frictionC. liberation D. distribution【答案】B【解析】句意：(不断)增加的人口和稳步改善的通讯带来了更多的贸易和交流(机会)，但是也导致了社会团体之间更多的冲突。cooperation合作；friction冲突；liberation解放； distribution分配。“but”说明前后是转折关系，故选B项。5.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)A company rejected a college graduates job _ because her 400word handwritten resume contained 24 incorrect Chinese characters, reported Beijing Youth Daily.A. application B. interviewC. offer D. opportunity【答案】A【解析】句意：据北京青年报报道，一家公司拒绝了一个大学毕业生的工作申请，因为她那份400字的手写简历中有24个错别字。application“申请”，符合语境。故选A项。interview面试，采访；offer提议，提供；opportunity机会。6.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)The mean was condemned by many as a(n) _ from normal scientific method.A. independence B. absenceC. departure D. survival【答案】C【解析】句意：这种方法被许多人指责为是对正常科学方法的背离。independence独立；absence缺席；departure背离，离开；survival生存。故选C项。7.(2020年江苏高考英语押题卷)Success comes to those who are willing to risk making mistakes in the _ of their goals and ambitions, and who are able to learn from those mistakes.A. pursuit B. preference C. procedure D. progress【答案】A【解析】句意：成功总是眷顾那些敢于冒着犯错的危险去追求他们的目标和理想，并善于从错误中吸取教训的人们。pursuit追求；preference偏爱；procedure程序；progress进步。故A适合。8-12介词和介词短语8.(2020年江苏高考英语押题卷)Most of employers are planning to cut down on wages instead of laying off employees _ the economic depression.A. in defense of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. in response to【答案】D【解析】句意：大多数老板计划削减工资而不是裁员以应对经济萧条。in defense of为辩护；with regard to 关于；on behalf of代表；in response to对做出回应之意，故D项适合。9.(2020年浙江高考英语押题卷)Having been treated in the hospital for as long as six months, the man injured in the car crash is now back _ his feet.A. at B. in C. on D. to【答案】C10.(2020年浙江高考英语押题卷)Have you heard that Lisa was offered a job by a big company.Sure, she got the job _ her considerable experience and she deserved it.A. in favor of B. in need of C. onbehalfof D. on account of【答案】D【解析】句意：丽萨在一个大公司谋到了一份工作，你听说了吗？当然听说了，她理应得到那份工作，这是她凭丰富的经验获得的。on account of由于。in favor of支持，赞成；in need of需要；onbehalfof代表。故选D项。11.(2020年第三次全国大联考江苏卷)Tom usually does traditional exercises like sit-ups, press-ups and pull-ups to stay _.A. in shape B. in order C. in fashion D. in place【答案】A【解析】句意：汤姆经常做一些传统的训练诸如引体向上、俯卧撑和仰卧起坐之类的运动来使自己处于良好的身体状态。in shape处于良好状态；in order按次序；in fashion流行，时兴；in place在恰当的位置上。故选A适合。12.(2020年第三次全国大联考浙江卷)Thepollutionoftheforesthasseriouslyaffectedplantlifeand, _ a lesser extent, wildlife.A. on B. to C. in D. at【答案】B【解析】句意：森林污染对植物有严重的影响, 对野生动物也有一定影响。to a lesser extent “在较小程度上”。 故选B项。13-20副词和形容词13.(2020年江苏高考英语押题卷)Life is like a winding path surrounded by flowers, butterflies and delicious fruits, _, many of us spend much time looking for happiness around the next corner.A. therefore B. though C. moreover D. otherwise【答案】B14.(2020年浙江高考英语押题卷)Peace is _ the absence of war. It also means kindness and harmony.A. or rather B. more than C. at best D. far from【答案】B【解析】句意：和平不仅仅意味着没有战争，它还意味着友好与和谐。more than “不仅仅”。or rather更确切地说；at best充其量，至多；far from远非。故选B项。15.(2020年浙江高考英语押题卷)The only thing that stands between a man and what he wants from life is often_the will to try it and the faith to believe that it is possible.A. merely B. apparently C. normally D. uniquely【答案】A【解析】句意：横亘在一个人和他向生活所想要的东西之间的唯一的事情，常常是想要尝试的意愿，以及相信这一尝试可能成真的信念(只要愿意尝试并且相信是可能的，人们就可以从生活中得到他想要的东西)。merely“仅仅”。apparently显然地；normally正常地；uniquely独特地。故选A项。16.(2020年浙江高考英语押题卷)Will Mr. Smith come here on time?We cannot guarantee the _ arrival of trains in foggy weather.A. punctual B. eventual C. actual D. natural【答案】A【解析】句意：史密斯先生会准时到达这儿吗？我们不能保证雾天火车会准时到达。punctual守时的，准时的；eventual最后的，最终的；actual真实的，实际的；natural自然的，天生的。故选A项。17.(2020年第三次全国大联考江苏卷)From quiet houses and first beginnings, out to the undiscovered ends, theres nothing _ the wear of winning, but laughter and the lover of friends.A. worth B. profitable C. allergic D. fragile【答案】A【解析】句意：从宁静的家园和生命的开始，直到未知的人生旅途的终点，唯有获胜的欢乐和朋友的关怀才是获胜最重要的意义(除了朋友的欢笑和关怀，没有什么值得我们去不断努力去获取的)。worth值的；profitable有利可图的；allergic对过敏的；fragile易碎的，脆弱的。故A正确。.18.(2020年第三次全国大联考江苏卷)In a landmark battle between man and artificial intelligence(AI), the world champion of the game Go was _ defeated by his computer opponent.A. crucially B. earnestly C. analytically D. narrowly【答案】D【解析】句意：在一场人类和人工智能的里程碑式的对决战中，电脑险胜围棋世界冠军李世石。此处表示“险胜”故用narrowly(勉强地)。crucially至关重要地，关键地；earnestly认真地；analytically分析地。19.(2020年第三次全国大联考浙江卷)I think of my countless failures and how theyve contributed_to making me what I am nowadays.A. regularly B. considerably C. equally D. deliberately【答案】B20.(2020年第三次全国大联考浙江卷)She has a _ grasp of all the subjects, which helps her stand out in her class .A. comprehensive B. confidential C. conservative D. compulsory【答案】A【解析】句意：所有科目她都学得很好，这有助于她在班上脱颖而出。comprehensive“全面的”。confidential机密的；conservative保守的；compulsory义务的，强制性的。故选A项。21-30动词和动词短语21.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)When the school bus arrived at the zoo, the bus door _ open and all the children rushed out.A. burst B. destroyed C. attacked D. shocked【答案】A【解析】burst爆发；destroyed 破坏；attacked 袭击；shocked震惊。句意：当校车抵达动物园，汽车的门突然打开，孩子们冲了出去。burst open猛然打开，故选A项。22.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Instead of praising your kids for their intelligence, you should _ your praise on the effort they put into succeeding at task, expert say.A. allocate B. concentrate C. circulate D. accumulate【答案】B【解析】allocate分配；concentrate集中；circulate使循环；accumulate积累。这里考查短语concentrate on专注于。句意：专家说：不是赞扬你孩子的聪明，而你应该将你的赞扬集中在孩子们成功完成任务的努力上。故B正确。23.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)In order to survive, all life in the pond has to _ the changing conditions in the environment.A. attend to B. appeal to C. apply to D. adapt to【答案】D【解析】attend to 处理；appeal to 吸引；apply to致力于；adapt to适应。句意：为了生存，池塘里所有的生物不得不适应这里的环境。根据句意选D项。24.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)This journey is a great chance for you to broaden your horizon and will _ how the earth is formed. We hope you wont throw it away.A. keep an eye on B. take advantage of C. throw light on D. keep track of【答案】C25.(2020年江苏高考英语押题卷)People come into your life for a reason, a season or a lifetime. When you _ which one it is, you will know what to do for each person.A. give out B. leave out C. turn out D. figure out【答案】D【解析】句意：人们走进你的生活，或者是为了一个原因，或者他们只停留一段时间，或者他们与你永远相随。一旦明晓其中究竟，你就知道该如何为他们去做什么了。give out发完，耗尽；leave out遗漏；turn out结果是；figure out计算出，得出。故D项适合。26.(2020年江苏高考英语押题卷)I knew he didnt want to, but my smile leaped through the bars and _ a smile on his lips, too.A. generated B. stimulated C. emerged D. compiled【答案】A【解析】句意：受到了我的感染，他的嘴角也不自觉地现出了笑容，虽然我知道他本不想这样。generated引发；stimulated刺激；emerged出现，为不及物动词；compiled编制。此处表示因为微笑产生了共鸣。故A项适合。27.(2020年江苏高考英语押题卷)Laplace, the astronomer, was still at work when death _ him at seventy-eight.A. put up with B. catch up with C. line up with D. come up with【答案】B【解析】句意：天文学家拉普拉斯78岁去世时还在工作着。put up with容忍；catch up with抓住，赶上；line up with排队；come up with提出，想出。此处采用拟人的修辞手法，使“死亡”这一概念变得生动形象起来，故选B项适合。28.(2020年浙江高考英语押题卷)You must_ your strength for the tennis final, which will be even tougher.A. grasp B. reserve C. appoint D. schedule【答案】B【解析】句意：你必须为网球决赛保留体力，因为决赛会更艰苦。reserve保留，预定。grasp抓住；appoint约定，任命；schedule计划。故选B项。29.(2020年浙江高考英语押题卷)Smart-phones have _ our lives. Most of us cant go much longer than 10 minutes before we check our phones.A. turned over B. taken over C. got over D. looked over【答案】B【解析】句意：智能手机已经占据了我们的生活。我们中大多数人甚至坚持不了10分钟就要去看一下手机。take over占领，接管。turn over把反过来；get over克服，恢复；look over检查，查看。故选B项。30.(2020年浙江高考英语押题卷)Does this job _ you, Bob?Not really. I prefer one with better pay and longer holidays.A. respond to B. contribute to C. appeal to D. subscribe to【答案】C二、短文填词(改编自湖南省益阳市2020届高三4月调研考试)I found a website about some qualities that are likely to lead to success while _1_(surf) the Internet. I think the following qualities are essential if you want to succeed. One is never to give up; this is also called perseverance, which I think is of great importance. You must have faith _2_ yourself and try your best to realize your dreams. You need to be focused rather than being _3_(aim). Another quality that _4_(help) you succeed is the ability to do and think about things in new and different ways. Most _5_(success) people are not as conventional as the people around them. _6_ others see failure, they see possibility. Where others see a closed door, they see _7_ open window. To get success, you may find it important _8_(see)how they have achieved success. You will be inspired by learning from them. Practising is just as important if you want to succeed, because practice makes perfect. Finally, _9_(honest) is fundamental as you climb the ladder of success. People who are dishonest _10_(rare) succeed.语篇解读：文章论述了人们取得成功应该具备的品质。1.【答案】surfing【解析】考查省略句。while surfing=while I am surfing。句意：我在上网的时候发现一个网站关于人们成功需具备的品质。2.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。have faith in是固定搭配，表示“有信心”。句意：你必须对自己充满信心，竭尽全力去实现自己的梦想。3.【答案】aimless【解析】考查名词。句意：你需要集中经历而不是漫无目的。4.【答案】helps5.【答案】successful【解析】考查形容词。句意：绝大多数的成功人士并不像他们周围的人一样传统。6.【答案】Where【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意：哪里有失败，哪里就有机会。7.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。句意：关上一扇门，就会打开一扇窗户。与前文并列。8.【答案】to see【解析】考查不定式。find it important to表示发现做某事很重要。句意：为了获得成功，你会觉得重要的是看看他人是如何取得成功的。9.【答案】honesty/being honest/to be honest【解析】考查名词或非谓语动词作主语。句意：诚实是攀登成功高峰的基石。10.【答案】rarely【解析】考查副词。rare表示“稀有的”，而rarely表示“几乎不”，句意：不诚实的人几乎都不会成功。三、完形填空(改编自江苏省常州市第一中学、江阴南菁高中2020届高三两校联考)Today the scientific community is in almost total agreement that the earths climate is changing and that this represents a huge threat to the planet and to us. According to a survey, with only 69% accepting the earth is warming only 1 in 4 Americans see global warming as a major threat, public opinion _1_ the scientific conclusion.Climate scientists and campaigners have long debated how to better communicate the message to non-experts so that climate science can be _2_ into action. According to Christopher Rapley, the usual tactic(策略)of climate experts to provide the public with information isnt _3_ because “it does not address key potential causes.” We are all exposed to the evidence of climate change on an almost a daily basis. The information is almost _4_.Then whats wrong? _5_ our brains.Daniel Gilbert mentioned our brains failure to accurately notice gradual change. Robert Gifford also _6_ the point about our brains difficulty in grasping climate change because of limited cognition and social _7_ with other people (“Why should we change if X wont?”) “A more powerful barrier is the _8_ of perceived(感知的)behavioral control; I m only one person; what can I do ? is certainly a big one. For many, the first challenge will be in recognizing barriers _9_ they can overcome them”But for those of us who understand that climate change is a problem yet make little effort to cut the number of overseas trips we make or the amount of meat we consume, neither the uncaring attitude nor denial really explains the _10_ between our actions and beliefs. Lertzman has come to the conclusion that the conflict between _11_ both the planet and our way of life is too painful to bear. “When we dont _12_ the pain of that, thats when we get _13_ and cant move forward.” Lertzman refers to this _14_ as “environmental melancholia(忧郁症),” and points out that theres a lot to be said for providing a means _15_ acceptable to talk about.”Rosemary Randall suggests that climate change is such a(n) _16_ subject that it “can raise fears and anxieties that people feel have no _17_ in polite conversation.”Lertzman says the community has been slow to realize the value of psychology. Gifford says otherwise, _18_“ climate change, and not mental health, is the biggest psychological problem.”Despite the pain, shame, difficulty in fully addressing climate change, both Lertzman and Gifford are still _19_ about our ability to face up to the challenge. “There cant be anything about the human mind that stops us struggling with these issues, given that so many people _20_ aremaybe thats what we should be focusing on instead.” says Lertzman.语篇解读：本文告诉我们气候变化是一个“会引起恐惧和和担忧的人们感觉在不应该在礼貌的交谈中发生”的主题，同时建议人们对气候变化应抱有一种健康积极的心理。1. A. accounts for B. falls behind C. wishes for D. leaves behind【答案】B2. A. translated B. sprungC. forcedD. sent【答案】A【解析】A. translated转变为；B. sprung蹦跳；C. forced强迫；D. sent送。translate into转变为。句意：以便能将气候科学转变为行动。故选A。3. A. revolutionaryB. detailedC. popular D. enough【答案】D【解析】A. revolutionary革命的；B. detailed详细的；C. popular流行的；D. enough足够的。根据后文“it does not address key potential causes没有提出关键的潜在原因”可知气候学家提供给公众的信息策略是不够的。故选D。4. A. unreliableB. unbearableC. unacceptableD. unavoidable【答案】D【解析】A. unreliable不可靠的；B. unbearable难以忍受的； C. unacceptable无法接受的； D. unavoidable不可避免的。句意：我们几乎每天都接触到了气候变化的迹象。这种信息几乎是不可避免的。故选D。5. A. SubmitB. ControlC. BlameD. Discriminate【答案】C【解析】A. submit主张；B. control控制；C. blame责备；D. discriminate歧视，区别。根据下文“Daniel Gilbert mentioned our brains failure to accurately notice gradual change丹尼尔吉尔伯特提到我们的大脑不能准确注意到气候的渐进变化。”说明我们的大脑即智慧出了问题。句意：这是怎么了？责备我们的智慧吧。故选C。6. A. picks up on B. gets down to C. throws back onD. looks up to【答案】A【解析】A. picks up on注意到； B. gets down to着手处理；C. throws back on迫使； D. looks up to尊敬。句意：罗伯特吉福德还注意到这样一点。故选A。跟下题联系起来考虑，答案才比较容易找到。7. A. connections B. comparisonsC. competenceD. development【答案】B【解析】A. connections关系；B. comparisons比较；C. competence能力；D. development发展。 comparisons with与的比较。句意：罗伯特吉福德还注意到这样一点：我们的大脑难以把握气候变化，因为认知以及与其他人的社会比较的局限性(如果未知的不肯改变，我们为什么就应该改变？)。故选B。8. A. sense B. problem C. lackD. effect【答案】C【解析】A. sense意识；B. problem问题；C. lack缺乏；D. effect影响。根据下文：“I m only one person; what can I do ? is certainly a big one(“我只是一个人，我能做什么呢？”肯定就是一个大的障碍)”说明人对于气候变化不知所措即“对感知行为控制的缺乏(笔者注：所谓“perceived behavioral control”，就是指个人预期在采取某一特定的行为时自己所感受到可以控制或掌握的程度)”。句意：一个更强大的障碍是对感知行为控制的缺乏。故选C。9. A. ifB. thoughC. beforeD. since【答案】C【解析】A. if如果；B. though虽然；C. before在之前；D. since自从。对许多人来说，第一个挑战就是在克服障碍之前认识到障碍。故选C。10. A. relationshipB. disagreementC. gapD. balance【答案】B11. A. caring about B. taking onC. fighting aga