HND 国际实物配送2

精选的文件1Transportation modes模式Total mode costCost per pallet亮子时间AdvantagesDisadvantages海洋62024.87天Cheap and large capacity斯隆和海丽丝航空12652534hoursFast and secureExpensive and finite capacityRail127551两天fast和large capacityLess flexible and need railroadDirect road135067.53天Better for shipped and convenientSmall capacity and expensive多模式118547.47 days 18 hoursreduce handing of cargo and quicker transit timesinvestment is high cost of investment is highTake sea as an example，because the shipping requires 25 pallets and the total cost is 620，the cost per pallet is 620/25=24.8。in the similar way，Other result also can be calculated，except the multi-mode cost is 1185 including 125，620，295，and 145air transportation is optimium choice . air transportation是use the least time to conv goods due to faster speed . besides，It also ensures the securitysea transportation also can be chosen。though it is the slowest method and vulnerable to bad weather in ocean，it is the lowest expenses of freight and carries the largest quantities。Angles glen also是select rail . rail has a large capacity and is less refrained by bad weather .rail has these disadvantages，it is not much flexible and can not work without rail road。2 Consignment delivery termFCA弗里卡里(named place of delivery)a trade materm requiring the seller to deliver goods named airport，terminal，Or other place where carrier operates。cost loss transfer buyer and risk of loss transfer to the buyer after deliver to the carriers .the seller ful fi Ls his obligation deliver when he has handed goods over，cleared for export，Into the charge of the carrier named by thewhen used trade terms，单词“free”means seller has an obedience to deliver goods named place for transfer to carrier(store . ICC wbo . oor离岸价Free On Board(shipment of named port)aterm in international commercial law specifying at what point the seller transfers ownership of the goods to the buyer .under the incoterms 2010 stan Dard published by the international chamber of commerce，fob is only used in non-container ized sea freightCIFCost，Insurance Freight(named port of destination)thisterm is broadly similar to the above CFR term，With the exception that the seller is required to obtain insurance for the goods while in transingcif requires the s Eller to insure the goods for 110% of their value under at least the minimu)M cover of the institute cargo clauses of the institute cargo clauses of the institutethe policy should be in the same currency as the contract . cif can be used by any transport by sea and air not limited To container ized or non-containerCIP covers additional charges at the port/terminal of entrance(store . ICC wbo . org，2016)。CPTcarriage paid to(named place of destination)the seller pays for the carriage of the goods up to the named place of destination。however，The goods are consired to be delivered when The goods have been handed over to The first or main carrier，So that the risk transfers tothe seller is response IB Le for origin costs including export clearance and freight costs for carriage to the named place of destination。if the buyer requires the seller to ob Tain insurance，the inco term CIP should be consired instead(store . ICC wbo . org，2016)。CIPcarriage and insurance paid to(named place of destination)CIP requires the seller to insure the goods for 110% of the contract value under at least the minimum cover of the institute cargo clauses of the institute cargo clauses of the instituteThe policy should be in The same currency as The contract，and should allow the buyer，The seller，and anyone else with an insurable interternerCIP can be used for all modes of transport，whereas the inco termcif should only be used for non-contain erised sea freight(store . ICC wbbDATdelivered at terminal(named terminal at port or place of destination)this inco term requires that the seller delivers the goods，unloaded，at the named terminal。the seller covers all the costs of transport，Carriage，unloading from main carrier at destination port and destination port charges)The terminal can be a port、airport、or inland freight interchange、but must be a facility with the capability to receive the shipmentall charges after unloading are to be borne by buyer。however，It is important to note that any delay or demurrage charges at the terminal will generally be for the sellers account(store . ICC wbo达夫delivered at place(named place of destination)Under DAP terms，the risk passes from seller to buyer from the point of destination mentined in the contract of delivery。Once goods are ready for shipment，the neceary packing is carried out by the seller at his own cost，So th