the importance of living生活的意义.ppt

生活的艺术作者：林语堂,TheImportanceofLiving,LinYutang(Chinese:林语堂October10,1895March26,1976)wasaChinesewriter,translator,linguistandinventor.HisinformalbutpolishedstyleinbothChineseandEnglishmadehimoneofthemostinfluentialwritersofhisgeneration,andhiscompilationsandtranslationsofclassicChinesetextsintoEnglishwerebestsellersintheWest.,After1935LinlivedmainlyintheUnitedStates,wherehebecameknownasa“wiseandwitty”popularizerofChinesephilosophyandwayoflife.LinsbestsellerswereMyCountryandMyPeople(simplifiedChinese:吾国与吾民)(1935)andTheImportanceofLiving(simplifiedChinese:生活的艺术)(1937),writteninEnglishinacharmingstyle.OthersincludeBetweenTearsandLaughter(啼笑皆非)(1943).,ThreeStandardsofTranslation:faithfulness（忠实）expressiveness（通顺）beauty（美),声声慢,Sodim,sodark,Sodense,sodull,Sodamp,sodank,Sodead!Theweather,nowwarm,nowcold,MakesitharderThanevertoforget!HowcanafewcupsofthinwineBringwarmthagainstThechillywindsofsunset?Irecognizethegeeseflyingoverhead:Myoldfriends,Bringnottheoldmemoriesback!,寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他晓来风急？雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识。,SlowSlowTune,Letfallenflowersliewheretheyfall.TowhatpurposeandforwhomshouldIdecorate?Bythewindowshut,guardingitalone,toseetheskyhasturnedsoblack!AndthedrizzleonthekolanutKeepsondroning:Pit-a-pat,pit-a-pat!,满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘？守著窗儿独自，怎生得黑！梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第，怎一个愁字了得！,LinYutanginthisbooktalksaboutZhuangZhousindifferenttofameandwealth,praisesTaoYuanmingsleisurelyattitudetowardslife,readstheGuiQuLaiXispeech,andtellsthestoriesintheBible.ItalsotellshowChinesepeopledrinktea,howtheymakeasightseeingtour,seeclouds,identifystones,growflowers,keepbirds,watchthesnow,listentothefallingrain,enjoytheairandthemoon.,Today,IwillsharewhatIvelearnedfromthischapter.,ChapterFiveWHOCANBESTENJOYLIFE?,ChapterFiveWHOCANBESTENJOYLIFE谁最会享受人生,Theidealcharacterbestabletoenjoylifeisawarm,carefreeandunafraidsoul.,最合于享受人生的理想人物，就是一个热诚的、悠闲的、无恐惧的人。,“Philosopherhasbecomemerelyatermofsocialcompliment.Anyonewhoisabstruseandunintelligibleiscalledaphilosopher.Anyonewhoisunconcernedwiththepresentisalsocalledaphilosopher.Andyetthereissometruthinthelattermeaning.,TheonlyproblemunconsciouslyassumedbyallChinesephilosopherstobeofanyimportanceis:howshallweenjoylife,andwhocanbestenjoylife?Noperfectionism（不去追求完美的理想）,nostrainingaftertheunattainable（不去寻找那势不可得的事物）,nopostulatingoftheunknowable（不去穷究那些不可得知的东西）;buttakingpoor,mortalhumannatureasitis,howshallweorganizeourlifethatwecanworkpeacefully,endurenobly（旷达地忍耐）andlivehappily?,I.FindThyself:Chuangtse(发现自己：庄子）,Whoarewe?Thatisthefirstquestion.Itisaquestionalmostimpossibletoanswer.Butweallagreethatthebusyselfoccupiedinourdailyactivitiesisnotquitetherealself.Wearequitesurewehavelostsomethinginthemerepursuitofliving.,Soweoftenforgetourtrueselfinthepursuitofliving,likeabirdforgettingitsowndangerinpursuitofamantis,whichagainforgetsitsowndangerinpursuitofanotherprey,asissobeautifullyexpressedinaparable（美妙的譬喻）byChuangtse.,Chuangtsesaidthatwehavelostsomethingandthebusinessofphilosophyistodiscoverandrecoverthatwhichislostinthiscase,“achildsheart,”accordingtoMencius.“Agreatmanishewhohasnotlosttheheartofachild,”saysthisphilosopher.,II.Passion,WisdomAndCourage:Mencius,Menciusenumeratedthethree“maturevirtues”ofhis“greatman”as“wisdom,compassionandcourage.”Ishouldliketolopoffonesyllableandregardasthequalitiesofagreatsoulpassion,wisdomandcourage.,AsChangChaosays,Apassionatenaturealwaysloveswomen,butonewholoveswomenisnotnecessarilyapassionatenature.Andagain,Passionholdsupthebottomoftheworld,whilegeniuspaintsitsroof.Forunlesswehavepassion,wehavenothingtostartoutinlifewithatall.,智情勇：孟子,Wearebornwithagivencoldorwarmnature.anditisonlyinproportionaswelosethatyouthfulheartthatwelosetheinnerwarmthinourselves.Foritseemsthatwhileamanwithpassionandsentimentmaydomanyfoolishandprecipitate（鲁莽的）things,butamanwithoutpassionorsentimentisajokeandacaricature（一副讽刺画）.,Sothiswarmgenerosityofsoulhastobeprotectedagainstlifebyaphilosophy,becauselifeisharsh,warmthofsoulisnotenough,andpassionmustbejoinedtowisdomandcourage.Tomewisdomandcouragearethesamething,forcourageisbornofanunderstandingoflife;hewhocompletelyunderstandslifeisalwaysbrave.Anywaythattypeofwisdomwhichdoesnotgiveuscourageisnotworthhavingatall.Wisdomleadstocouragebyexercisingavetoagainstourfoolishambitionsandemancipating（从解放出来）usfromthefashionablehumbug（骗子）ofthisworld,whetherhumbugofthoughtorhumbugoflife.,III.Cynicism,FollyandCamouflage:Laotse,玩世、愚钝、潜隐：老子,Paradoxically,Laotsesmostwickedphilosophyof“theoldrogue”（老滑)hasbeenresponsibleforthehighestidealofpeace,tolerance,simplicityandcontentment.Suchteachingsincludethewisdomofthefoolish,theadvantageofcamouflage（隐逸者的长处）,thestrengthofweakness,and.thesimplicityofthetrulysophisticated,Thegreatestwisdomseemslikestupidity.Thegreatesteloquencelikestuttering（口吃，结巴）.Movementovercomescold,Butstayingovercomesheat.SohebyhislimpidcalmPutseverythingrightunderheaven.(清净为天下正),LinYutangmadeapoemwhichsumsupthemessageofTaoisticthought:Thereisthewisdomofthefoolish,Thegracefulnessoftheslow,Thesubtletyofstupidity,Theadvantageoflyinglow（隐者）.,IV.PhilosophyofHalf-and-half:Tsesse（中庸哲学：子思）,Thosearethebestcynicswhoarehalf-cynics.ThehighesttypeoflifeafterallisthelifeofsweetreasonablenessastaughtbyConfuciusgrandson,Tsesse,authorofTheGoldenMean.,Afterallallowancesaremadeforthenecessityofhavingafewsupermeninourmidstexplorers,conquerors,greatinventors,greatpresidents,heroeswhochangethecourseofhistorythehappiestmanisstillthemanofthemiddle-classwhohasearnedaslightmeansofeconomicindependence,whohasdonealittle,butjustalittle,formankind,andwhoisslightlydistinguishedinhiscommunity,butnottoodistinguished.Itisonlyinthismilieu（背景）ofwell-knownobscurityandfinancialcompetencewithapinch,whenlifeisfairlycarefreeandyetnotaltogethercarefree,thatthehumanspiritishappiestandsucceedsbest.,V.ALoverofLife:TaoYuanming,Taoisthemostperfectlyharmoniousandwell-roundedcharacterintheentireChineseliterarytradition,livedanddied,acarefreeandconscience-free,humblepeasant-poet,andawiseandmerryoldman.,WithTaosgreatloveoflife,hecouldnothavebeenwillingtoescapefromitaltogether.Hiswifeandchildrenweretoorealforhim,hisgardenandtheboughstretchingacrosshiscourtyardandthelonelypineswhichhefondledwerealtogethertooattractive,andbeingareasonableman,insteadofalogician,hestucktothem.Thatwashisloveoflifeandhisjealousyoverit,anditwasfromthispositive,butreasonable,attitudetowardl