2020届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 13 People讲练精品学案 北师大版必修5

Module 5Unit 13People1gain vt.获得；增加；(钟、表)走快，(经努力)到达，达到搭配：gain sth.【精讲拓展】vi.(1)获利，赚钱；得益(by/from)We all gained from the experience.我们都从这次经验中获益。(2)取得进展；得到改善；增进健康The singer is gaining in popularity.这歌手越来越受到人们的欢迎。(3)(钟、表等)走快【典型例句】We gained experience by working during the summer.我们从暑期的工作中获得了经验 美国传统Students gain knowledge by reading.学生们通过阅读增加知识。 美国传统We gained our destination before dark.我们天黑之前到达了目的地。My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快五分钟。即学即用完成句子He quickly gained experience.他很快就有经验了。Only after ten years in the country did she gainher citizenship.她在这个国家住了十年后才取得了公民身份。He gained weight after his illness.病后他的体重增加了。This clock gains five minutes a day.这只钟每天快5分钟。Does your watch gain or lose ？你的表走得快，还是走得慢？In the end we gained the top of the mountain.我们终于到达了山顶。2concentrate vi.&vt.集中(注意力、思想等)集中于某处；使集中于一点【精讲拓展】concentrate on/uponconcentrate ones attention onconcentration n.【典型例句】We must concentrate our attention on efficiency.我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。For centuries the population of Europe has beenconcentrated in large cities.几个世纪以来，欧洲的人口一直集中在大城市里。美国传统Its hard to concentrate on writing a letter withthe TV on.开着电视机很难集中精力写信。 美国传统Concentration is essential if you want to do a goodjob.如果你想把事情做好，专心是必要的。即学即用完成句子 Concentrate on your study.集中精神学习。A driver should concentrate on the road whendriving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。Industrial development is being concentratedin the west of the country.这个国家的西部正集中发展工业。3.connect vt.&vi.连接；结合；连结，接通电话，(与with连用)有联系，有关搭配：connect with /to；connection n.be connected to/with/by【典型例句】This railway connects London and Edinburgh.这条铁路连接伦敦与爱丁堡。The operator connected me with the order department.接线员为我接通订购部的电话。 美国传统This wire connects with that one.这根电线与那根连接。There is a connection between good health and eatingwell.健康与合理膳食有关系。 美国传统【词语辨析】(1)be connected to：把连上Please connect the computer to the Internet.(2)be connected with：把与连接起来It serves as a bridge which connects the mainlandwith the rest of the world.它是连接祖国大陆与世界其他地方的桥梁。(3)be connected by：被连接在一起The whole world is connected by computers and it isbecoming smaller and smaller.整个世界被电脑连在了一起，世界变得越来越小了。完成句子Will you connectthis wire to the television？你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？This flight connects with New York one.这班飞机在纽约可接上另一班机。 Connect me with Beijing University.给我接北京大学。That solitary old man was suspected to be connectedwith the crime.那个孤独的老头被怀疑与犯罪事件有关。单项填空He _ the Zhangs by marriage.Aconnects with Bis connected toCis connected with Dconnects to解析：be connected with和有关系。答案：C4deserve vt.应得，值得【精讲拓展】deserve to do sth.deserve sth.deserve to be donederserve doing.deserve ill/well of 有罪于/有功于【典型例句】They deserved to be praised.他们应该受到表扬。The rescuers deserved a reward for their courageousact.救援者应为他们的英勇行为得到奖赏。美国传统I think youre playing with fire.You deserve it！你是老鼠戏猫，真是自作自受！That goodhearted girl married her prince finally.Shedeserved it.那个好心女孩终于嫁给了她的心上人。她是有好报。He has deserved well of his country.他有功于国家。即学即用完成句子They deserved to be punished.They deserved being punished/punishment.他们应该受罚。He deserves this glory.他应该得到这一荣誉。5fail v；failure n失败【精讲拓展】fail sth. fail to do sth. fail in sth. sth. fail sb.【典型例句】Their first attempt at climbing the mountain failed.他们的初次登山尝试以失败告终。 美国传统We will never fail to live up to what our parentsexpect of us.我们决不辜负我们的父母对我们的期望。She failed in the examination.她这次考试不及格。He is so excited that words failed him.他如此激动以致说不上话来。Early airplane experiments ended in failure.早期的飞机实验以失败告终。 美国传统即学即用完成句子He failed in everything he tried.他做一切事情都失败了。He did very well，but failed to break the record.他做得很出色，但未破记录。George failed history last semester.乔治上学期历史考试不及格。His courage failed him.他失去了勇气。His friends failed him when he needed their helpmost.当他最需要帮助的时候，他的朋友们却辜负了他。21单项填空Words _ me when I wanted to express mythanks to him for having saved my son from theburning house.A.failed B.leftC.discouraged D.disappointed解析：表示使失望；有负于，想不起来。答案：A6mistake n&v.；mistaken adj.【精讲拓展】make a mistake by mistake mistake.for.【典型例句】Im not blaming youwe all make mistakes.我不是在责备你我们都会犯错。 剑桥高阶I took your pen by mistake.我错拿了你的钢笔。I mistook Anna for his sister.我误把安娜当作是他妹妹。【词语辨析】mistake/error/fault/wrongmistake 指偶然做错了事，如拼写错误，错拿了东西等，强调日常生活中的错误。It was a mistake buying that house.买那套房子是个错误。error 指违反某一标准做的错事，包括道德上的错误。He cant forget the errors of his youth.他忘不了他年轻时犯的错误。fault 常常指人在性格上或办事方式上的“缺点”“毛病”，强调过失的责任，不能与make连用搭配：挑毛病用 find ones fault。Its my fault that we are late.我们迟到是我的错。wrong 指“坏事，冤枉”。即学即用“I dont think its my _ that the TV blewup.I just turned it on，thats all，”said the boy.AError Bmistake Cfault Dduty解析：its my fault固定搭配，意为那是我的错。答案：CHe is such a man who is always _ fault withother people.Aputting BSeekingCFinding Dlooking for解析：固定搭配find fault with sb. 意思是挑某人的毛病。答案：C7accuse vt.指控，控告搭配：accuse sb. of.多用于正式的场合，用于描述“指控”某种犯罪行为。【精讲拓展】charge sb. with.适用范围十分广泛，用于“指控”“谴责”“责备”都可以，而且常用于表达道德方面的错误。【典型例句】The surgeon was accused of negligence.这名外科医生被控玩忽职守。 剑桥高阶The police accused him of murder.警方指控他谋杀。They accused him of taking bribes.他们控告他受贿。即学即用完成句子She accused him of stealing her watch.她控告他偷她的表。He accused his boss of having broken his word.他指责老板不守信。He was accused of murder.有人指控他谋杀。He was charged with stealing.他被控犯有偷窃行为。单项填空They _that the police had beaten three studentsto death.Aaccuse Bcharges CAccused Dcharged解析：句意：他们指控警察将三名学生打死。答案：CHe _ them of having broken their words.Aaccused Baccused of Ccharge Dcharged解析：句意：他责备他们食言的行为。其中，本题显然不能用accuse作“指控”翻译。而对题来说，硬要用charged这个选项也不能说就是错，但是accused要合适得多，这就跟使用习惯有关了，对于这种题只能积累经验吧。答案：A8.require vt.&vi.要求，需要，命令；requirement n.【精讲拓展】require doing.require sb.to do sth.require sth.of sb.require that sb.should do.It is required that sb.should do.【典型例句】The floor requires washing.地板该洗了。Bringing up children often requires you to puttheir needs first.抚养孩子常得把他们的需要放在首位。 剑桥高阶All passengers are required to show their tickets.所有乘客都必须出示车票。The emergency requires that it should be done.情况紧急，非这样做不可。The rules require that you bring only one guest tothe dinner.按照规定，你只能带一位客人出席晚宴。 剑桥高阶The police required the address of the thief.警察要求小偷提供地址。【词语辨析】request/require/command/orderrequest要求，请求，语气比其他词委婉；request可用作makea request，所以 request (sb.to do sth.) 是“请求(某人做某事)”，是下对上的要求；而require表示order，demand，是“命令，要求”之意，指上对下的要求，比如法律条款对当事人的要求，业主对雇员的要求。这样记忆吧，request是你看到同学说的，require是老师对你说的。order和command在用法上很相似，command和order都有“命令”之意，都可以接名词、从句作宾语，接不定式作宾语补足语，接从句时从句要用虚拟语气。command指权威方面正式下令，主要用于军事场合。The general commanded his men to attack the city.将军命令士兵攻城。order 执行任务或掌权者发布命令时使用，为常用词，可用于正式或非正式场合。The police officer ordered that I should get out of the car.警察命令我从汽车里出来。即学即用单项填空The newly founded chess club formally _ us to attend the opening ceremony.Arequested Brequired Cdemanded DCommanded点拨：区分动词词义，按照句意排除。解析：考查request sb.to do sth.B、C、D语气强硬，按照句意A符合。答案：A完成句子The roof requires repairing 屋顶需要修理了。We required her to attend the openingceremony.我们要求她参加开幕式。The director required that we should work allnight.主任要求我们通宵工作。单项填空_ in the regulations that you should nottell other people the password of your emailaccount.AWhat is required BWhat requiredCIt is required DIt requires解析：It is required that为固定句型，本句为规则要求答案：C9.devote vt.专心于，献身于；devotion n.【精讲拓展】devote oneself/ones whole life to.be devoted to.【典型例句】He left government to devote more time to his family.为了能有更多时间陪伴家人，他离开了政府部门。剑桥高阶He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。This magazine is devoted to science.这个杂志专门刊载科技文章。即学即用完成句子He devoted himself to the study of contemporary art.他把他的一生都献给了当代艺术研究。He has devoted his whole life entirely to music.他将一生奉献给了音乐。She is a good wife and a devoted mother.她是一位贤妻良母。单项填空_ to his research work，the professor caredlittle about any other things.ADevoting BDevotedCHaving devoted DTo devote解析：be devoted to专心于，本句是形容词作状语。答案：B1.come up with (针对问题等)想出；提供【精讲拓展】come up 提出(不用被动语态) put up with 忍受catch up with 赶上 keep up with 跟上，不落后【典型例句】Shes come up with some amazing scheme to doubleher income.她想出一个惊人的计划来使自己的收入翻倍。 剑桥高阶He came up with good ideas for the product promotion.他想出一个推广产品的好方法。He could not come up with a proper answer.他想不出一个合适的回答。即学即用完成句子I cant keep up with all the changes in thecomputer technology.计算机技术的各种改进，有些我已经跟不上来了。I dont know how she put up with his cruelty toher.我不明白她怎么能忍受他的虐待。At the moment our technology is more advanced，but other countries are catching up with us.在那时我们的技术较先进，但其他国家正要赶上。A number of questions came up at the meeting.会议上提出了许多问题。2.end up 结果为；以 而结束搭配：end up with. end up doing. end up as.end upprep.【精讲拓展】put an end to. come to an end bring.to an end【典型例句】If you do that，youll end up with egg on yourface.你要是做那件事，必将以耻辱告终。You could end up running this company if you playyour cards right.你要是处理得当，到头来这个公司能归你掌管。After working her way around the world，she endedup teaching English as a foreign language.靠打工游遍世界后，她最后做了教师，教外国人学英语。剑桥高阶If you continue to steal youll end up in prison.你要是继续行窃终归得进监狱。If he carries on driving like that，hell end updead.他照这样开车，早晚得死于非命。3.be likely to do sth.极有可能做某事【典型例句】Do remind me because Im likely to forget.一定要提醒我，因为我可能会忘记。 剑桥高阶It is likely that he will succeed.很可能他会成功。It is likely to rain today.今天可能会下雨。The park is a likely place for the picnic.这公园倒是个适合野餐的地方。【词语辨析】likely/possible/probablepossible作“或许”解，有“也许如此，也许不如此”之意。强调客观上有可能性，但常常带有“实际可能性很小”的暗示。probable用来指有根据，合情理，值得相信的事物，带有“大概，很可能”的意味。语气比possible要重，是mostlikely之意。Its possible，though not probable that he willaccept the terms.他有可能接受这些条件，但希望不大。be possible，be probable常用形式主语it，构成句型为：It is possible/probable/likelythat.(从句)Itis possiblefor sb.to do sth.sb.is likely to do sth.例如：他有可能做这件事。It is possible for him to do this.It is possible that he will do this.He is possible to do this.He is likely to do this.4.give up放弃【精讲拓展】give away 赠送，泄露give back 归还，使恢复give in 屈服，让步give off 放出(光，热，气味等)give out 分发，发布，放出(光，热等)，用完【典型例句】They finally gave up and stopped looking for thering.他们最终放弃了，不再寻找那枚戒指。 美国传统Well try to persuade him to give up smoking.我们将努力说服他或戒烟。The young man gave up his seat to an old man.年青人把他的座位让给一个老年人。即学即用Sorry，I have to _now.Its time for class.OK，Ill call back later. (2020;2020天津，6)Ahang up Bbreak up Cgive up Dhold up解析：意为：我得挂电话了，hang up 符合题意。答案：ADuring the war there was a serious lack of food.It was not unusual that even the wealthy familieshad to _ bread for days. (2020;2020湖北，22)A.eat up B.give away C.do without D.deal with解析：意为：战争期间粮食严重匮乏，甚至富人家庭几天不吃面包是很正常的， do without sb./sth.不用或没有某人，某物也行。答案：CThe news of the mayors coming to our school fora visit was _ on the radi oyesterday.(2020;2020福建，33)A.turned out B.found out C.given out D.carried out解析：句意：市长要来我校参观的消息已于昨日通过广播公布了。give out“分发，散发”“公布消息”，符合题意。答案：C5.fall behind落后，落在后面【精讲拓展】fall down 跌倒 fall off从摔下fall asleep睡着，入睡 fall back撤退fall ill患病 fall in love with sb.爱上某人【典型例句】We fell behind the group we were traveling with.我们落后于同行的团队了。美国传统She soon fell behind the others.她很快就落到了别人的后面。Dont fall behind with your rent.不要拖欠房租。即学即用完成句子The toddler tried to walk but kept falling down那小孩学着走路但老是跌跤。He fell off the bike and broke his right leg.他从自行车上摔下来，摔断了右腿。The major world powers are afraid of falling behindin the arm race.世界各大强国均惟恐在军备竞赛中落后。The enemy fell back as our troops advanced.我军前进，敌军后退。He worked so late that he fell asleep soon.他工作到很晚，马上就睡着了。6.cant help doing sth.禁不住要做某事【精讲拓展】cant help but do 只能做，没有别的选择cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help it 没有办法，实在控制不住【典型例句】I cannot help it if the train is late.火车晚点的话，我也没办法。美国传统I cant help accepting his invitation.我禁不住接受了他的邀请。I cannot help but admire their efforts to assistthose in need.我不由得钦佩他们为那些需要帮助的人们所做的努力。美国传统即学即用I cant help _ sorry that I cant help_ anything for you.Dont mention it.Afeel；do Bto feel；doingCfeeling；do Dfeeling；doing解析：意为不能帮助你我感到很不好意思，cant helpdoing情不自禁做某事，cant help do不能帮助做某事。答案：C1.The first time I met Tom，he seemed to be allergic toeverything.我第一次碰见汤姆的时候他似乎对一切都很敏感。【精讲拓展】(1)句中短语the first time引导时间状语从句，意思是“当第一次”，类似的短语还有：the last time，every time，each time等。Each/Every time I was in trouble，he would come tohelp me out.每当我遇到困难的时候，他总是来帮我解决。(2)句中短语seem to be 意思是“ 似乎是，好像是”，后跟形容词、名词、介词短语，to be 可以省略。He seems (to be)quite happy today.【归纳拓展】seem to be doing.似乎在干某事seem to have done sth.似乎干了某事It seems that.好像It seems as if.好像There seems to be.似乎有【词语辨析】look/seem/appearlook作“好像，看起来”讲，指从外表上看。 seem指从内心里的“判断”。appear指给人以表面的印象。seem和appear后习惯接不定式to be；look后接to be常用于美国英语中，其意义相当于seem to be，都是“看起来”的意思。seem和look均可接as if引导的表语从句。seem需要用it作形式主语，而look的主语可以是形式主语it，也可以是其他的人称代词。appear则不能。seem和appear可用于 “It seems/appears that.”的句型结构，而look则不能。seem和appear可用于以there为引导词的句型中，look则不能。He looks like her father.He seems to be her father.She appears wise.It seems as if it were spring already.It looks as if we shall have to walk home.It seemed that he had made some serious mistakesin his work.It appeared that he was talking to himself.There seems (to be)no need to go.There appears to be only one room.即学即用I _ it as a basic principle of the companythat supplies of raw materials should be given afair price for their products. (2020;2020江西，25)Amake Blook Ctake Dthink解析：句意为：把当做，看做。take.as符合题意。think 应为think of.as。答案：CThe fact that she never apologized _ a lotabout what kind of person she is.(2020;2020 山东，28)Asays Btalks Cappears Ddeclares53解析：句意：她从来不道歉这个事实说明她是怎样一个人。say的意思是说明，表明say a lot about也是一个短语，意思是说明什么。答案：A2She was standing with a book in her hands near the poetrysection.【精讲拓展】with a book in her hands 是with的复合结构，其结构是 “with宾语宾补 ”，这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，动词不定式等，其基本结构如下：withn./pron.介词短语withn./pron.副词withn./pron.不定式withn./pron.现在分词withn./pron.过去分词withn./pron.形容词【典型例句】He sat there with a smile on his face.他微笑着坐在那里。She saw a brook with red flowers and green grasson both sides.她看见一条两边是红花和绿草的小溪。The street was quiet with no buses running.街上静悄悄的，没有汽车行驶。In came a man with his hands tied back.进来一个人，手绑在背后。She sat there with her head bent.她坐在那里，低着头。He wore a shirt，with the neck open，showing hisbare chest.他穿着一个开领衬衣，露着胸膛。Dont sleep with the window open.不要开着窗睡觉。即学即用Now that weve discussed our problem，are peoplehappy with the decisions _？ (2020;2020全国，35)Ataking BTake CTaken Dto takeWith the world changing fast，we have somethingnew _ with all by ourselves every day.(2020;2020重庆，29)Adeal BDealt Cto deal Ddealing答案： C C3.The singing was so loud that I could even recognize the song！歌声如此响亮甚至我都能听出是哪首歌！【精讲拓展】so.that.意为 “如此，以致”，在句中引导结果状语从句，结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词。I am so angry that I cant say a word.我是如此生气，以至一句话也说不出来。It is so dark that I dare not go out alone.天如此黑，我不敢独自出去。【词语辨析】so.that/such.that.(1)so.that结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；such.that中的such为形容词，后接名词；(2)当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many，much，few，little等修饰时，只能用so，不能用such；(3)但若名词前的little意为“小(的)”时，则仍用such，而不能用so；(4)当that前是单数可数名词且该名词前有形容词修饰时，soadj.a/an可转换为sucha/anadj.n.(5)当that前是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，则必须用such；(6)soadj./adv.放到句首时要倒装。【典型例句】He became so angry that he couldnt speak.他变得如此生气，以致说不出话来。It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.那是一个如此晴朗的日子，所以我们出去散步。There was so much noise outside that we couldnthear the teacher.外面嘈杂声很大，以致我们不能听到老师的话。He had so many falls that he was black and blue allover.他跌了那么多的跤，以致全身青一块，紫一块的。It is such a little sheep that it cant run fast.这只绵羊如此小，以至于它跑不快。She is so good a teacher that we all love her.Sheis such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一位好老师，我们都爱她。It was such fine weather that they all went shopping.那是个好天气，他们都去购物了。They are such nice bananas that we would like to eatthem.它们是如此好的香蕉，以致我们都想吃它们。So clearly does he speak English that he can alwaysmake himself understood.他说英语如此清晰以至于别人都能听懂。1._ in charge of the shopping center has upsethim for quite some time.ALeft BBeing leftCHaving left DTo leave解析：考查非谓语动词用法。本空在句中作主语，表示被动含义，因此选B。答案：B2.On March 14，violent crimes of beating，looting andburning in Lhasa of Tibet broke out，_innocent people and with more than 300 _.Akilled；injured Bkilling；injuredCkilled；injuring Dkilling；injuring解析：考查非谓语动词用法。第一空用kill的现在分词作状语表示主动含义和补充说明，第二空用过去分词表示“受伤”。答案：B3.Who would you rather _ you repair your CDplayer?AHelp BHelped Chelping Dto help解析：此题还原为You would rather who helped yourepair your CD player.可知答案为B。答案：B4._ nice，the food was a