山西省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解(45)

山西省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（45）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AJuly 16th was a bad day for Mr. Arthur Johnson. In the morning, he set off from his home in Santa Barbara, California. It was the start of his summer holidays and he decided to visit friends at Las Vegas，then he hoped to go fishing in Lake Mead, from Las Vegas.Johnsons troubles started while he was driving happily across the Mojave Desert. His car went wrong and he tried to repair it .Then, to make matters worse, his attempts to start the car drained (耗尽)the battery and left it useless. After Johnson had waited an hour in the hot sun, a Canadian driver, John Williams, stopped and tried to help him. When both men failed, Williams promised to telephone a workshop to ask it to send a truck to pull the car away and repair its fuel pump (燃料泵).Johnson left the keys in his car and sat in the shade of a large tree. Soon he fell asleep. While he was sleeping, a repair truck arrived from San Pedro (the nearest town) and pulled his car away. Later on, Johnson woke up and thought that somebody had stolen his car. He started to walk back towards San Pedro but a police car stopped him to find out why he was walking in the desert.Johnson looked like a man wanted (通辑的) in Los Angeles for robbery, so the police detained (拘留) him at San Pedro for the night. The next day, Johnson telephoned his friends in Los Angeles. They drove to San Pedro and made the police believe that Johnson was a harmless salesman, so they set him free. 1. Johnsons car went wrong_.A. after he had passed San Pedro B. before he left Santa BarbaraC. when he was getting near the Mojave Desert D. not far from Los Angeles2. Which way did Williams go when he left Johnson?A. He drove on to Las Vegas. B. He went back to Los AngelesC. Perhaps he went to San Pedro D. He continued his journey to Canada3. How did Williams help Johnson?A. He persuaded the police to set him free B. He managed to repair his carC. He drove Johnson into San PedroD. He arranged to have his car repaired4. Which is the best title of this passage?A. A Bad Day for Arthur Johnson B. An Interesting Car C. A Pleasant Trip in the Desert D. A Well-planned Journey BPresident Barack Obamas speeches are proving a best-seller in Japan - as an aid to learning English. An English-language textbook, The Speeches of Barack Obama, has sold more than 400,000 copies in two months, a big hit in a country where few hit novels sell more than a million copies a year.Japanese have a fervor for learning English and many bookstores have a corner dedicated (专门用于) to dozens of journals in the language, many of them now featuring the new U.S. leaders face.Speeches by presidents and presidential candidates(候选人) are excellent as listening tools to learn English. Obamas are especially so. His speeches are so moving, and he also uses words such as yes, we can, change and hope that even Japanese people can memorize, said Yuzo Yamamoto of Asahi Press, which produced the best-selling text book.Speeches by George W. Bush and former nominee(提名) John Kerrys four years ago did not have the same interest, however, and nor do those made by Japanese politicians. We have to turn to a foreign president for someone in whom to place our hopes, Yamamoto said.The 95-page paperback features Obamas speeches in English from the 2004 Democratic National Convention and during the Democratic Party primaries(初选), in which he defeated Hillary Clinton. They are accompanied by Japanese translations.The 1,050 yen ($12) book, which includes a CD of the speeches, tops the bestseller list on bookseller Amazons Japanese Website, http:/www.amazon.co.jp/. He said lawmakers from Japans main opposition Democratic Party had bought the book to study Obamas speeches.Following Obamas inauguration(就职典礼), Asahi Press plans to issue a sequel(续集) that includes his inaugural address, as well as President John F. Kennedys 1961 inaugural speech. It will also feature a reading of President Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg address of 1863.5. Speeches by presidents and presidential candidates are excellent as listening tools to learn English because _.A. the speakers are all greatB. the speakers have high speech skillsC. the language is full of humorD. the contents are good and the words are easy to catch6. Why do Japanese place their hopes in a foreign president?A. Because they dont have politicians who have such a positive influence.B. Because they have the same attitude as the foreign presidents.C. Because they have never made such an excellent speech.D. Because they hope to have a foreigner as their leader.7. Which is true about “The Speeches of Barack Obama”?A. It contains all Obamas speeches .B. It has 1,050 pages with a CD.C. It includes his inaugural address.D. It is an especially popular book in Japan.8. Which of the following can best describe the main idea of the passage?A. Japan speaks highly of Obama president .B. Japan learns English from Obama speeches textbook .C. Obama gains his fame from his election speeches.D. Obama gives Japanese speeches on how to learn English.CAll sorts of items become litter(垃圾) but two of the most common and most dangerous are cigarette butts（烟头) and plastic bags. Litter is a big problem for our environment but it is a problem that individuals can easily do something about. Not littering at all or cleaning up litter, such as cigarette butts and plastic bags, greatly improves the quality of our environment.Although cigarette butts, are small, they are bad for the environment. Over 1,600 billion cigarette are smoked each year in China and large quantities of the butts are thrown away. Worldwide, about 4. 5 trillion butts are littered every year. Apart from the fact that butts spoil the beauty of the environment, they contain some very toxic chemicals. These find their way into the water supply where theydecrease the quality of the water and endanger plants and animals that live there. So, if people have to smoke, they shouldnt throw away the butts but put them in the rubbish bin instead. Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is a danger to the environment. There are several reasons for this. They are made from oil and gas, which are nonrenewable resources. If they are not recycled, these resources are lost to us. In China, 2 billion plastic bags are used every day. An enormous number of these become litter. This is a huge problem because they last from 20 to 1,000 years in the environment. They float easily in the air and water and travel long distances. They find their way to rivers, parks, beaches and oceans. Plastic bags kill up to one million seabirds, 100, 000 sea mammals and countless fish each year worldwide. It is up to people not to let plastic bags become litter. It would be better if they used fewer and recycled them.Cleaning up your cigarette butts and plastic bags would improve the environment. And we would know that we were doing something to look after our planet. However, I believe the best solution would be not to smoke or use plastic bags at all.9. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A B. C. D.( = paragraph 1; = paragraph 2; = paragraph 3; a paragraph 4 )10. The word “toxic” in the paragraph 2 most probably mean “_”A.poisonous B. precious C. extra D. useless11. From the text. we know the fact that_A. Chinese smokers litter up to 4. 5 trillion butts every yearB. people in the world use 2 billion plastic bags in a single dayC. the butts can last 20 to 1,000 years in the environment of ChinaD. plastic bags cause 1 million deaths of seabirds each year worldwide12. Whats probably the best title of the passage?A. Say Goodbye to Smoking B. Clean Up Your Butts and Bags C. Protect the Endangered Sea Animals D. Use Paper Bags Now DNot all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive(重温) these experiences in nightmares. Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories.In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research had suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers troubling memories after war.They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin peoples lives. They come back to you when you dont want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions.” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at Harvard Medical School. This could relieve(减缓) a lot of that suffering.”But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. Im not sure wed want to wipe those memories out.” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist (伦理学家).Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common, “People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph LeDoux, a New York University memory researcher. “All we want to do is help people have better control of memories.”13. The underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to “_.”A. the new drug B. the research into the drug C. the memory D. the chemical in the drug14. Which of the following is Not the opinion of the supporters? A.The pill can erase all the memories in the past.B.Some memories can ruin peoples life. The pill can relieve emotional suffering.C.The pill can also help many other types of people who suffer from terrible memories.D.The pill can prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war.15. Which of the following is Not the opinion of the opponents (反对者) ? A. Our memories give us our identity. B. The memories help humanity avoid mistakes of the past. C. The drug should be used in only very serious cases. D. People may not be sure whether they want to wipe the memories out.16. Which of the following statements might be the main idea of the text?A. People often suffer from bad memories. B. The nightmares are terrible. C. Forget bad memories and be happy. D. The research has caused a heated argument. EIf the world were a village of 1 000 people it would include:584 Asians 124 Africans 95 Eastern and Western Europeans 84 Latin Americans55 former Soviets 52 North Americans 6 Australians and New Zealanders The people of the village would speak:165 Mandarin 86 English83 Hindu/Urdu 64 Spanish58 Russian 37 ArabicThe above list covers the mother tongues of only half the village.One-third of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65.Just under half of the married women in the village have access to modern equipment.This year 28 babies will be born. Ten people will die, three of them for lack of food, one from cancer. Two of the deaths will be of babies born within the year. With the 28 births and ten deaths, the population of the village next year will be 1 018.In this village of 1 000 persons, 200 people receive 75 percent of the income; another 200 receive only 2 percent