过去完成时讲解

.,过去完成时,.,BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.,.,thepolicemangettotheshop,Tomrunaway,Bythetimethepolicemangottotheshop,Tomhadrunaway.,.,Speaking-freely:BythetimeorWhen,LiuMeiwakeup,theconcertbeover,BythetimeLiuMeiwokeup,theconcerthadbeenover.,.,hisgrandmacomefromAmerica,LiMinggrowup,BythetimehisgrandmacamefromAmerica,LiMinghadgrownup.,.,20062011,learn4000Englishwords,Bytheendof,Bytheendof2006,Ihadlearned4000newwords.,.,ThePastPerfectTense过去完成时,过去完成时的构成助动词had(用于各种人称和数)+过去分词,WhenIgottoschool,thebellhadrung.,2.过去完成时的用法:主要是表示在过去某个时间,或是动作之前已经发生或完成的动作.也就是过去的过去.,.,ThePastPerfectTense过去完成时,3.常用的几种方式:用介词by,before等构成的时间短语.用连词when,before,after或者短语bythetime引导的时间状语从句.,Wehadlearnt20Englishsongsbytheendoflastmonth.,TheplanehadtakenoffwhenIreachedtheairport.BythetimeIgotup,mybrotherhadlefthome.,.,常用动词的过去式和过去分词,playplayedplayedworkworkedworkedleaveleftleftsaysaidsaidgowentgonebewas/werebeentaketooktakengetgotgotten,startstartedstarted,.,breakbrokebrokenspeakspokespokendrivedrovedrivenseesawseeneatateeatengivegavegivenknowknewknowngrowgrewgrown,.,1.We_(learn)twothousandswordsbythetimeIwenttoMiddleSchool.,Canyoudoit?,3.Whenwe_(arrive)atthestation,they_(wait)formorethantwentyminutes.,hadlearned,arrived,hadwaited,2.I_(know)himwhenIwasastudent.,hadknown,4.Oneofthemendidntmove,becausehe_(break)hislegs.,hadbroken,.,5.Byyesterdayeveninghe_thatimportantletter.(write)6.IthoughtI_themanbefore.(meet)7.Bysixoclockthey_fortenhours.(work)8.IwenttoNickshouse,buthe_out.(go)9.I_theproblemwhenclasswasover.(notunderstand),hadwritten,hadmet,hadworked,hadgone,hadntunderstood,.,口语练习1.a.Igotup.Mybrotherwasintheshoweralready.b.BythetimeIgotup,mybrother_intheshoweralready.2.a.Iranoutsidetothebusstop.Thebuswasgone.b.3.a.Igothome.Irealizedthatmyhomeworkwasstillatschool.b.,hadgotten,BythetimeIranoutsidetothebusstop,thebushadalreadygone.,WhenIgothome,IrealizedthatIhadleftmyhomeworkatschool.,.,4.a.Iwokeup.Myclockstoppedtwohoursago.b.5.a.Igottothecinemaat8.Thefilmstartedat7:30.b.6.a.Igottotheparty.Jimwenthomeanhourago.b.,BythetimeIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadystarted.,BythetimeIwokeup,myclockhadstoppedfortwohours.,WhenIgottotheparty,Jimhadalreadygonehome.,.,一、表现形式1.基本形式：had+过去分词。2.否定形式：had+not+过去分词(hadnot照样可缩写hadnt)。3.一般疑问形式：had提到句首，回答用Yes,主语+had./No,主语+hadnt.例如：Hadhetoldyoutogothereearlieryesterday?他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？Yes,hehad./No,hehadnt.是的，他告诉了。/不，他没有。,4.被动语态形式：had+been+过去分词。如：WhenIgotthere,thewindowshadbeenbroken.,.,二.用法1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经结束或完成.它表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”.Ihadwrittenthearticlewhentheycame.2.表示一个动作或状态在过去的某一时间之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间.Theyhadworkedfor12hoursby6oclockthismorning.,.,明显标志:1.句中有by引导的过去时间状语:Bythetimewegotthere,alltheotherguestshadarrived.2.与过去完成时连用的时间状语有already,yet,still,never等.TheyhadalreadyleftbeforeIreturned.,.,1.KatesneverseenChinesefilms，_?A.hasntsheB.hassheC.isntsheD.isshe2.-AnnhasgonetoShanghai.-So_herparents.A.hasB.hadC.didD.have3.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?-_you_yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishD.Have;finished,.,4.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForestwice_hecametoYunnan.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.for5.Tom_theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad6.I_aletterfromhimsinceheleft.A.didntreceiveB.haventgotC.didnthaveD.haventheard,.,7.-Haveyouever_LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors?-Yes,Ihave.wenttoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beento8.Myparents_Shangdongfortenyears.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen9.IwontgototheconcertbecauseI_myticket.A.lostB.dontloseC.havelostD.iscoming,.,1.WhenI_(get)there,theSmithsalready_(have)theirdinner.2.Bytheendoflastyearthey_(produce)morethan500,000tractors.3.Tom_(read)atleast20novelsinthepastyear.4.He_(work)onafarmfor3y