语篇连贯与翻译.ppt

PassageTranslation,OutlineDefinitionsofapassage/text/discourse/utteranceLevelsoftranslationPassagetranslation1.ComprehensionstageA.WordsinthecontextB.LogicanalysisC.Pragmaticanalysis2.RepresentationstageA.Creating/IntensifyingtheatmosphereB.MeetingthestyleC.Cohesiontextusu.written,maybeaword/phrase/sentence/paragraph/book;discourseusu.thebroadestconcept;utteranceusu.thespoken,maybeaword/phrase/speech,Basisofpassagetranslation:,Wordtranslation,Sentencetranslation,SemanticanalysiscollocationTechniques?,analysisgr.“Typical,”inThereIsOnlyLuck;“makechoices”inAValentinetoOneWhoCaredTooMuch;“wontpower/willpower”inRulesEveryAchieverKnows“discipline”inRulesEveryAchieverKnows“yes/no”inRulesEveryAchieverKnows“delaygratification”inRulesEveryAchieverKnows,Comprehensionstage:UnderstandingwordsinthewholecontextLogicanalysis,Iwasthinking,theycouldbesayingallofthisovermydeadbodyPeopleallovertheneighborhoodhadcalledtoreportourscreamsIrememberedthissamesceneasithadbeeninthesummer,lrememberedmyfirstglimpseoftheriver.Tousitwasjustanotherplaceonthemap.,Comprehensionstage:UnderstandingwordsinthewholecontextLogicanalysisPragmaticanalysis,Mysonwasborninthistown.butshecouldneverreallyunderstand.Andnow,itsraining,again.Ayoungwidowwiththreechildrendecidedtoinvestherinsurancesettlementinacollegeeducationforherself.Sheconsideredtherealitiesofatightbudgetandlittlefreetime,but,RepresentationstageWords/structuresfortheatmosphere,看到他们都走了，我反倒觉得高兴。他们一直在喋喋不休地谈论着什么要刑罚更严哪，要恢复死刑哪，总统将要来个什么全国大肃清哪。激愤之下，我把本应针对歹徒的怨忿一下子转向了这些心安理得的人。这群人只会站在自己温暖舒适的家门口，空谈着自己要买什么样的枪支。枪支对于我和杰瑞米又有何益处？Judy喂鸭一段如何遣词渲染气氛？什么气氛？艾勒立即冲过桥去，越过栏杆，奔向水边。艾勒在岸上无法安全地把小孩救上来，于是他就步入河中。,RepresentationstageWords/structuresfortheatmosphereWords/structuresforthestyleandrhetoric,原先没有开门的邻居们现在倒是挥着棒球棒出来了，还帮着杰瑞米找到了眼镜和钥匙。我伏在桥栏上，凝望着桥下。桥下的河水阴沉暗淡，没有一丝意趣。桥头的路灯洒着幽幽的寒光，寒光下的霜花晶晶闪亮。远处灯火烁烁，透着融融的暖意；桥上却空空荡荡，冷冷清清。领导艺术全在于使下级工作人员不断发挥所长，帮助他们最大限度地发掘潜力，激励他们为共同事业而奋斗。人们会把别人的成就归功于其脑子灵、身体壮以及运气好，而籍由自己并不具备这三者优势而为自己开脱。当然，这并不是说，而是说，。,RepresentationstageWords/structuresfortheatmosphereWords/structuresforthestyleandrhetoric,我的头一条忠告是，你可得要挑选好你的先人啊。我的父母年纪轻轻就去世了，可是说到祖辈，我还是选得不错了。/我想吃什么就吃什么，想喝什么就喝什么，眼睛睁不开了就睡觉，从来不为对身体有益而搞什么活动。我想一个人能做到对合适的活动兴趣盎然、不计较个人得失，那么，他就极易享有成功的晚年，因为长期积累的经验在此可以结出累累硕果，而由经验产生的智慧在此时既有用武之地，而又不至咄咄逼人。,RepresentationstageWords/structuresfortheatmosphereWords/structuresforthestyleandrhetoric,(大河上下，歌声起伏。)或许，那是船夫们唱的歌谣，响亮而有力。他们一边唱着，一边划着船顺着急流而下船的一端高高翘着，船的桅杆斜向一边。或许，那是纤夫们唱的调子，沉雄而急促。他们一边唱着，一边奋力地拖着船逆流而上(沿河上下，你都能听见那歌声。)你有时会听见船夫们一边响亮有力地唱着，一边划着船顺着急流而下船的一端高高翘着，船的桅杆斜向一边；有时又会听见纤夫们一边唱着更加急促的调子，一边奋力地拖着船逆流而上,RepresentationstageWords/structuresfortheatmosphereWords/structuresforthestyleandrhetoric,Whatisdifferenceinstyleamongthefollowingpassages?1)ThereIsOnlyLuck2)Good-bye/AValentinetoOneWhoCaredTooMuch3)FourYearsofCollege,Why?4)OnLeadership/RulesEveryAchieverKnows5)TheSongoftheRiverIs“HowtoGrowOld”whollyinthesamestyle?Reorganizationinthetr.ofTheSongoftheRiver,RepresentationstageWords/structuresfortheatmosphereWords/structuresforthestyleandrhetoricCohesionOvertherewaslightandthehintofwarmth.Outhereonthebridgeitwaslonelyandcold.远处灯火烁烁，透着融融的暖意；桥上却空空荡荡，冷冷清清Itwasallthemoresurprisingbecausewehadbothforgottenthatthiswasariversidetown.原来这是个河滨小镇，我和朱迪居然都给忘了！题目虽然这样写，实际上本文所要谈的却是人怎样才可以不老。,Examplesfrompreviouspractice:有些老人为死的恐惧所困扰。如果年轻人有这种恐惧，那倒无可厚非。年轻人有理由害怕战死沙场；当他们想到被骗走了生命所能给予的美好生活，他们有理由愤愤不平。但对于一个备尝人生甘苦，业已完成该做的一切的老人来说，怕死就有点不大可取了。ThisisnothinglikebackhomeinColorado./Wehaverainsthere,too.这跟家乡科罗拉多的情况迥然不同。/科罗拉多也下雨。Wewillachievethisonlyifweapplyourwillandworkatit./Howcanweacquirestick-to-itiveness?唯有坚持不懈方能事有所成。/如何才能坚持不懈呢？,Relationshipbetweencohesion&coherence:Atextmaybecohesivewithoutnecessarilybeingcoherent:Cohesiondoesnotspawncoherence.Cohesion,Connorwrites,isdeterminedbylexicallyandgrammaticallyovertintersententialrelationships,whereascoherenceisbasedonsemanticrelationships.,Ex.2A:CanyougotoEdinburghtomorrow?B:B.E.A.pilotsareonstrike.,Ex.1IboughtaFord.ThecarinwhichPresidentWilsonrodedowntheChapsElyseeswasblack.BlackEnglishhasbeenwidelydiscussed.Thediscussionsbetweenthepresidentsendedlastweek.Aweekhassevendays.EverydayIfeedmycat.Catshavefourlegs.Thecatisonthemat.Mathasthreeletters.,MoreexamplesforcohesionandcoherenceLargecloudsplaytagintheskyoverhead,whileattheoppositeendofthefield,thesternchiefsoflocalvillagessitdressedintraditionalrobes,eachcarryingastafftoppedbyagildtalismanofauthority.头顶上，大片的白云在蓝天里追逐嬉戏；白云下，当地的村长们身着传统的长袍，手握顶端镶有镀金护符的权杖，正襟危坐。原文中while是一个表示时间概念的连接副词，不仅连接两个分句，而且使两个分句的内容相互衬托。译文没有使用表示时间对比的“而”字，而采用空间对比办法，用“白云下”与“头顶上”相呼应。,MoreexamplesforcohesionandcoherenceMr.Kirsch,havinglostallhismoneybythistime,followedhismasteroutintothemoonlight,wheretheilluminationswerewinkingout.(fromVanityFair)基希先生这时输得两手空空，便跟着主人走出屋来；月光下，彩灯闪闪烁烁，渐渐熄灭。译文用分号把人物活动和环境描写拆开来译，译文顺畅明了。同时把“月光下”置于两个分句之间，又加强了语篇的衔接，使人物活动和环境描写有机地连结在一起。,MoreexamplesforcohesionandcoherenceHetookouthiskeyandopenedthedoor,andweallwenttoastonehall,andbaregloomyandlittleused.(fromGreatExpectation)句中跟在astonehall后面的是环境描写部分，went是人物的行为。这种人物行为和环境描写交织在一起的信息内容，英语可用一句话一口气说完，汉语却不同，需要增加一些词。他取出钥匙开了门，大家跟着走进一间石头砌成的大厅，里面空无人物，阴森森的，看来平时绝少有人。“里面”一词承上启下，由人物活动自然引入环境描写。,MoreexamplesforcohesionandcoherenceOnemomenthesinChina.ThenexthesinPanama.Then,almostbeforeyouknowit,CarterisswoopingdownonAfrica.Andthisweek,theformerpresidentistoconvenenegotiationsbetweenthegovernmentofEthiopiaandtheEritrean(厄立特里亚，埃塞俄比亚北部一省,濒临红海)rebels.卡特一会儿跑到中国，一会儿跑到巴拿马，后来又神不知鬼不觉地对非洲来个突然袭击，而本周，这位美国前总统将把埃塞俄比亚政府和厄立特里亚的反政府分子召集在一起，进行谈判。译文完全再现了译文的时空关系。为了加强译文的内聚力，增加一个“又”字，取消了中间的三个句号。,MoreexamplesforcohesionandcoherenceWithoutasteadysupplyoffreshblood,withouttheoxygenitcarries,thehumanbrainisquicklyimpaired.Infourminutes,braincells,starvedforoxyge