中考英语专题教案---任务型阅读

考点内容测评要求3年考题示例中考指数句子还原掌握2013北京，七;2013山东临沂，C;2012四川宜宾;2012江苏南京 回答问题掌握2013江苏南通;2013江苏泰州;2013江苏徐州;2013重庆，V;2013上海，D 完成表格掌握2013江苏南京;2013江苏镇江;2013江苏扬州;2013湖北黄冈，4 多元综合掌握2013湖北恩施，C;2013甘肃兰州 1、 考点分析任务型阅读是“阅读理解”的另一种形式，考查学生归纳概括能力和语篇结构理解能力。 其内容涉及广泛，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，完成一项任务或解决一个问题。 所以“任务型阅读”是介于阅读理解和写作之间，其任务已不同于阅读理解中的选择题或书面表达，而是在理解文字的基础上，完成相应的图表或文字练习，从而有效地测试学生用英语“做事”的能力。 根据任务类型，常见题型有以下四种： 完成表格型此类任务型阅读要求我们在理解文本信息的基础上，根据材料提供的直接信息或由我们推理、提炼后的间接信息完成题目要求的任务。 其阅读内容更贴近学生的生活实际，任务的设置变化多样，不光有简单信息的捕捉，而且有阅读短文，通过对短文信息的归纳，加工处理，运用语言逻辑推理和思维能力来完成表格。 回答问题型此类任务型阅读要求我们根据短文、表格、图片或图文结合的材料回答命题者设定的问题，所设置的任务通过事实或细节的查找就能完成，与普通阅读理解的解题方法相似，只是题目设计采用了主观题形式，没有给出选项，需要我们从材料中寻求信息，以一个完整的句子，或者是其适当的缩略形式作答。 从问题所涉及的内容看，考查文本表层理解多于深层理解，其设计的问题多为五 或一般疑问句的细节性问题，而涉及推理判断、文章主旨、写作意图及作者态度、感受等的题目则少之又少。 此类题型是学生失分较多的题型之一，要求学生有较扎实的语言基础和较强的综合运用英语的能力。 句子还原型还原短文型“阅读理解”题有两种形式：即选择句子还原短文和排列段落还原短文。 第一种形式要求考生根据短文内容，从文后所给的句子中选出适当的句子填入短文空白处。 第二种形式是给出一篇 个词的短文，要求考生根据短文内容和结构，将顺序打乱的段落重新排序，有时首段或尾段的位置已给出。 这种题型旨在考查考生对短文整体结构的理解能力，要求考生从短文的篇章结构的层面上把握短文，了解其大概意思和结构，分清句子或段落之间的逻辑关系，然后还原成短文的原貌。 多元综合型此类任务型阅读是上述各种题型的综合，可以给出不同的任务让学生逐一完成。 一般是在问题设计上兼顾了多种类型，既有根据短文设计的问答题和相应的翻译题、句型转换等，又有根据内容完成句子，完成这一题型应非常细致，应认真地到原材料中收集有用的信息，并且经过整理输出信息。 在明白题意和文意的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，根据实际情况去完成所要求的任务。二、 解题步骤 明确任务。由于题目要求形式多样，在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，做到心中有数。 一一对应，紧扣原文。即在原文中找出问题题干所包括的信息部分，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答题的准确性。 如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文，切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。 注意读写结合。任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。 若是写单词，则要注意拼写正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么样的表达方式，不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。 认真检查。完成任务后要重新审视材料，检查所做的答案是否复合要求，同时语言要精练准确。方法技巧 认真审题，读懂题意由于题目要求形式多样，在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，做到心中有数。 快速阅读，掌握大意在做题时要快速扫视一下文章的大意，然后结合前面的题目的要求，大致明白所要完成的任务。 细读题目，完成任务在明白题意和文章意思的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，在原文中找出问题题干所包括的信息部分，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答题的准确性。 如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文，切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。 复读文章，核实任务在初步完成所要求的任务以后，学生必须再仔细阅读所提供的短文，结合题意、文章和文后提供的任务信息、认真核实任务以保证答题正确。 注意读写结合任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。 若是写单词，则要注意拼写正确，词形词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么样的表达方式，不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。总之，任务型阅读理解不同于传统的阅读理解，它介于阅读理解与写作之间，教师应该适应新课改的要求，掌握任务型阅读理解的特点，加强学生任务型阅读能力的培养。 【例1】请阅读下面短文，在短文后表格中的空白处填上适当的单词（注意：每空 个单词）。Good communication skills are key to success in life， work and relationships. Without effective (有效的）communication，a message can turn into error，misunderstanding，or even disaster.Communication is the process by which we exchange information between people. To communicate well is to understand and to be un-derstood. Communication can be successful only when both the send-er and the receiver understand the same information.In todays highly informational and technological environment，it has become more important to have good communication skills. Here are some important steps to communicate effectively：Know what you want to say and why. Understand clearly the purpose of your message. Know to whom you are communicating and why.How will you say it? We all know that its not always what you say，but how you say it，that matters. Begin by making eye contact. You show trust and confidence when you look at others in the eyes when you speak. Second，pay attention to your body language，since it can say so much more than your words. By standing with your arms easily at your side，you tell others that you are open to hearing what they have to say.Communication is a two-way street. After you have said what you have to say， stop and listen. Practise your listening skills. Be considerate of other speakers by waiting until theyre finished. While others are talking，listen carefully and never cut them off.【答案】71 between 72. advantages 73. importance 74. clear 75. Finished课堂训练：中考真题演练Passage 1Sue and Jim were neighbours for five years but they were never interested in each other. Then one day, Sue saw Jims music collection. She noticed a rare punk rock CD that she also owned. At that mo-ment ,she realized that they both had the same interest in music and they started talking. Sue said, “ I thought we had nothing in common (相同)until I saw his CD by the New York Dolls. ” They are now married and living with each other.Some psychologists (心理学家)think that your taste in music is related to(有联系的)your personality. As part of a test at the Uni-versity of Texas, Austin, USA, volunteers created a CD of their favor-ite songs. The volunteers then listened to each others CDs and made guesses about the CD creators personalityoutgoing, adventurous, happy, and so on. These strangers correctly guessed much more about each others，personalities through their CDs than through their clothes or taste in films. For example, Sue and Jim love punk music, which means they have outgoing personalities.The psychologists who did the test found Snoop Dogg ( hip-hop) fans are likely to be energetic and talkative. People who like U2 (rock/pop music) are generally independent and adventurous.The psychologists also found that Louis Armstrong (jazz) fans tend to(倾向于)be serious and intelligent while fans of classical mu-sic are also likely to enjoy jazz music and tend to be shy. The psy-chologists were surprised to find that rap and heavy metal fans were also shier and quieter than many other music lovers.Title: Music and 1 An opinionu Your 2 in music is related to your personality.Findingsu Ones clothes or taste in films is 3 important than his/her CDs in a test of guessing about ones personality.u It is 4 that hip-hop fans are energetic and talkative.u People who 5 rock or pop music are usually independent and adventurous.u Jazz fans tend to be 6 and intelligent.u Its 7 that rap and heavy metal fans are shier and quieter than many other music loversAn 8 u 9 Sue and Jim were neighbours for five years, they were never interested in each other.u After Sue noticed they both had rare punk rock CDs, she found they had 10 in common.u They are now married and living with each other.Passage 2I have lived in France for nine years, but I cannot walk down the street without being recognized (认出)as an Englishman from 50 metres away, before I open my mouth. Why?In France,the quickest way to recognize an Englishman is that he，ll be the one with the belly (月土子）and the shirt hanging out. En-glishmen often wear shapeless black T-shirts, either too big or toosmall. However，Frenchmen are more formal in dressing. Their T- shirts have collars (领子）.Shorts have buttons and zips rather than drawstrings (拉绳）.Shoes look expensive.Englishmen think of lunchtime as 1 p. m.，but for Frenchmen it is 12 o，clock，one hour earlier. This may explain the sad looks if an Englishman arrives at a local restaurant at 1: 30 p. m. At that time most restaurants dont have waiters. All the cooking and serving may be done by the boss and his wife. When you are shown to your table， just sit there and wait. Dont wave your hands to the waiters. En-glishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. But in France some bread and water will come first，then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm (节 奏）of the restaurant. Have enough patience(耐心）!阅读以上信息，用恰当的词完成下面的表格，每空一词。Some 1 between Englishmen and FrenchmenFrenchmenEnglishmenDress wear T-shirts with collars wear shorts with buttons and zips wear shoes which 2 much wear T-shirts which are shapeless wear shorts mostly with drawstrings wear shoes which may be cheapLunch have lunch at noon follow the rhythm of the restaurant have lunch at or after 1 pm do something to attract the 3 attentionConclusion Englishmen wear 4 formal clothes than Frenchmen. Englishmen cant be 5 enough for meals while Frenchmen can. Passage 4阅读下列短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答题 卡标有题号的横线上，写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）In classroom, your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying. The information they provide will be important for you to know when you take tests. So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers say.Here are the three stages(阶段) of taking notes and what you should do during each stage.1. Before ClassReview your notes you have taken before you come to class. This will be good for remembering what was covered. Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide.2. During ClassKeep your attention on what your teacher is saying and “the signal words” that tell you what your teacher is going to say and it is important to write in your notes. Examples of signal words are “The most important point” and “Remember that”. Be sure to include in your notes information that your teacher repeats or writes on the blackboard. Write quickly so that you can include all the important information in your notes. Do this by writing abbreviations such as med for medicine, using symbols such as % for percent, and writing short sentences.3. After ClassRewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate(准确的) by changing abbreviations into whole words, symbols into words, and shortened sentences into longer sentences. Use them to answer your questions. If necessary, ask your teacher for help.Taking notes1The information that is 2 by the teachers about studying topics is useful for your tests, so it is necessary for you to learn take good notes.Stages3 Classl Review the notes you have taken to 4 what was covered.l 5 to understand new information.During Classl 6 to your teacher carefully.l Be sure to 7 the important points.l Write them down 8 .After Classl Make your notes more complete and accurate to 9 your questions.l Ask for your 10 help.Passage 7In the deserts of North Africa and Saudi Arabia lives the smal-lest of all foxes with the largest of ears. This animal is the fennec fox.Fennec foxes have ears that are 5 to 6 inches long. That，s big for an animal that weighs less than four pounds. Their ears help shed (去除）body heat. And，as you may have guessed，they also provide great hearing.Its also interesting to think about the hair of fennec foxes. Why would a fox that lives in the desert need a thick，fur coat? Actually， the desert isnt always warm. During the nighttime，a desert can be terribly cold! A fennec foxs keeps them warm during those desert nights. They also have long bushy tails that they use as a blanket. And the hair on their feet protects them from the hot sand in the day-time.Fennec foxes live in small communities of dens (兽穴).They spend most of the day sleeping in their dens，out of the hot sun. Then，when night comes，they come out in search of food. In addition to their great hearing，fennecs also use their great sense of smell andbig eyes to track down dinner.Like other foxes，fennecs are omnivores. This means they eat both meat and plants. They like eating birds，eggs，insects，snails， fruit and leaves best.Fennec fox mothers have one to five babies at a time. The lifes-pan of a fennec fox is 10 to 12 years. The cream coloration of fennec foxes help them blend into their desert habitat. Still，they have to watch out for predators (捕食性动物).These include caracals ( a type of wild cat)，jackals，eagle，owls，hyenas and humans. Humans catch them for their fur and to sell as pets.Fennec Foxes areasu Deserts of North Africa and Saudi Arabia.Appearanceu They are the of all foxes with the largest of ears.u Their thick fur them to survive in the cold desert night.u The hair on their feet protects them from the of the sand during the daytime.AbilityA. They have very good and eyesight with big ears and eyes.B. They are also good at tracking down dinner with their great sense of . Characteru They live in small communities.u They in their dens most of the day.At they become active and come out in search of food.Foodu They eat both meat and plants.u Their foods include birds, eggs, insects, snails, fruit and leaves. u They are hunted by caracals, jackals, eagle owls, hyenas and humans.Passage 8The 2012 London Olympic Games are around the corner. If you have the chance to visit Britain yourself，you can see at every bus stop the British people form a queue. You may have read about it，but you will still feel amazed to see it with your own eyes.Its an amazing social behavior; it brings the British to a higher level of civilization(文明）.At least that is what one German profes-sor thinks. The professor named Joseph Heinrich and his workmates say that standing in line is the “highest form of cooperative(协作的) group behavior” .The social rules (规则) of standing in line are also interesting. For example，you need to be able to decide the correct distance to the person in front of you. Get too close and there is a danger of entering other peoples personal space. This is a serious mistake and often makes other people angry. However，when you leave too much space， the next person is likely to ask，“Are you in the queue?” This may sound polite but in fact it means，“Can，t you stand in line properly?” In no other countries can you see the one-man queue except in Britain. If a British person arrives at a bus stop and no one else is there，he will not simply wait. Instead，he stands at the head of the queue.Tourists are often unfamiliar with local customs (习俗)，and if they do not get in line behind the British person， he or she will tell them strictly ： “ This is a queue. ”Though it might seem that the British people take their queues too seriously，one thing is certain ： queues can save lives. In danger-ous situations，standing in line has prevented them from getting very frightened.In the serious train accident in 1999，people who were hurt formed a queue as they escaped from their trains. One writer later wrote about a polite man who let her pass with a quiet “ after you” .TopicQueuing in BritainProfessors1of queuing The British have 2 a higher level of civilization. It is the highest form of cooperative group behavior.Social rulesof queuing You should stand 3 too close to nor far from the person in front of you. Even if there is only one British person waiting for a bus, he queues too. If tourists do not queue, they will be strictly reminded to 4 the local custom.The powerof queuingThe British queued and kept calm even in face of 5 .Passage 9CCTV cameras catch actionIn UK，Closed Circuit Television ( CCTV) cameras are every-where. They help the police solve crimes and keep the streets safe. But thats not all they do. They also catch people doing very stupid or smart things.One of the videos is of a British woman Mary Bale. She clearly doesnt like cats. In 2010 she was caught on CCTV throwing one into a dustbin. The video shows Mary walking down a quiet street. All ofa sudden，she notices Lola the cat jump onto a fence. Mary stops to pick up Lola and drops her into a large dustbin. Lola was saved fif-teen hours later. And Mary was arrested for causing unnecessary suf-fering to an animal. She was fined (罚款) 250 and was not allowed to own pets for five years.Another video shows “Britains drunkest man”. Hes been at a party at Londons Savoy Hotel. And hed obviously had a few too many glasses of beer. At about 2 a. m.，he was kicked out for being too drunk. So，he decided to walk home. On the way, CCTV cameras filmed him falling down stairs and crossing the roads madly . A Savoy Hotel waiter later said，“ It，s amazing he didnt hurt himself badly. ”Sometimes they also record smart events. Once a British band The Get out Clause didnt have any money to make a music video. So，they came up with an unbelievable idea. They set up their instru-ments (乐器)and played a song in front of eight CCTV cameras. And then,according to the English Freedom, of Information, Act,they asked for a copy of all the footages (视频）,which they edited. The result is that a totally new music video was made,and it didnt cost them a penny.Title ： CCTV cameras catch actionPassage outlineSupporting detailsUsage of CCTV camerasThey are almost (1)_ and are used in many ways.To help the police solve crimesA woman saw a lonely cat and (2) _ it into a big dustbin.She was fined 250 and was not allowed to own pets for five years.To catch people doing stupid thingsA man got very drunk and was thrown out of Londons Savoy Hotel.He went back home through a lot of troubles and dangers but was not (3) _hurt.To (4)_ people doingSmart eventsA band had no money but still wanted to make a music record.They played in front of eight CCTV cameras and asked for the footageCopy for (5) _.They edited the footages and make a totally new music video.A 组中考模拟基础训练题组Passage 3The first things to live were protists (原生生物）.They started life about 3，000 million years ago. Then plants began about 500 mil-lion years ago. And then dinosaurs began about 200 million years ago. Apes(猿人）developed 35 million years ago.Humans and apes developed from the same animals. About 14 million years ago，some apes began walking with two legs Then two million years ago，humans learned to make tools. No one knows when humans first started to use language，but many scientists believed that humans started to speak around 70，000 years ago. However，we do know when humans started to paint the walls of their caves (洞穴）： the first cave paintings are around 40，000 years old. It was only about 10，000 years ago that humans learned how to grow plants and then they became farmers.阅读短文，完成下面的表格。Passage 6Recently I was walking in town when I saw a group of school students in uniform. I was shocked to see that the girls，skirts were very short and