人体解剖学-脑干-2Internal-structures-of-brain-stem

Dept.ofAnatomyZhouHongYing,Internalstructuresofbrainstem,greymatterwhitematterreticularformation,Reviewtheexternalstructuresofbrainstem,1.ImportantmarksPyramidsunderlyingpyramidal(corticospinaltract)DecussationofpyramidsOlivewithininferiorolivarynucleusGraciletubercle-fasciculusgracilisandnucleusCuneatetuberclefasciculuscuneatusandnucleuscuneatusConvexofpontransversepontinefiber-pontocerebellarfibersmiddlecerebellarpeduncleFacialcolliculusabducensnucleusandfibersoffacialnerve2.CNIIIXIIattachmenttobrainstem,Developmentofspinalcord&brainstem,Developmentofspinalcord,Internalstructuresinspinalcord,Asecendingtracts:Fasciculusgracilis&cuneatusSpinothalamicDescendingtracts:CorticospinaltractIntersegmentaltractFasciculuspropriusCentralcanal,threenuleicolumnAnterior,posterior,andlateralorintermediolateralhorn,MotorColumn1.GSE2.SVE3.GVESensoryColumn4.GVA5.SVA6.GSA7.SSA,Sulucuslimitans,ComponentsofCranialNerves,Sulucuslimitans,GeneralVisceralAfferentSpecialVisceralAfferent,Internalstructuresinbrainstem,Centralcanalexpendtoformventricle7nuleicolumn:SomaticsensorySomaticmotorGeneralvisceralmotorGeneralvisceralsensorySpecialvisceralsensorySpecialsomaticsensorySpecialvisceralmotor,NucleiCNconnectedtocranialnerves,Greymatter,NucleiCNconnectedtocranialnervesrelaynucleiofascending&descendingtract(NONcranialnuclei)-Nucleusofascendinganddescendingtractatdifferentlevelofthebrainstem,Whitematter,ascending&descendingtractsFiberstakepartinreflex,Greymatter:Cranialnervenuclei,somaticmotornucleiOculomotornucleiTrochlearnucleiAbducensnucleiHypoglossalnuclei,cranialnervenucleinearthemedianplane.,Specialvisceralmotornuclei,TrigeminalmotornucleiFacialnucleiAccessoryspinalnucleiAmbiguusnuclei,Generalvisceralmotornuclei,AccessoryoculomotornucleiSuperior&inferiorsalivatorynucleiDorsalmotorvagusnuclei,sensorynucleiofCN,General&specialvisceralsensorynuclei-Solitarynucleus,sensorynucleiofCN,GeneralsomaticsensorynucleiTrigeminalnuclei:ChiefsensoryMesencephlicSpinal,Vestibularnucleifrommidponstorostralmedullajustliebeneaththevestibulararea.Cochlearnucleibetweentheponsandmedullajustliebeneaththelateralrecessofrhomboidfossa.,Specialsomaticsensorynuclei,CranialnervenucleiandtheirCN,CranialnervenucleiandtheirCN,relaynucleiofascending&descendingtract(NONcranialnuclei),NucleusGracilis&NucleusCuneatusInferiorolivarynucleusPontinenucleusSuperior&inferiorcollicusnucleiRednucleusSubstantianigra,Whitematter,ascendingtractdescendingtract,Mediallemniscus,conveysgeneralsomaticimpulsesoftheproprioceptivewhicharemediatedbyreceptorsdevelopedinthemuscles,ligamentsandjoints,1.Ascendingtracts,conveysgeneralsomaticimpulsesofexteroceptive(lighttouch,pain,pressure,heat,coldsense)fromtheoppositesideoftrunkandlimbs,Spinothalamictract,conveysimpulsesofexteroceptive(lighttouch,pain,pressure,andheat,coldsense)fromtheoppositesideoftrigeminalnucleusthattheperipheralprocessdistributetofaceandhead,whicharemediatedbyreceptorsdevelopedintheskin.,Trigeminothalamictract,conveysthehearing(specialsomatic)frombothsidesofcortiorgan.,Laterallemniscus,Descendingtracts,PyramidalsystemCorticospinaltractCorticonucleartractExtrapyramidalsystem,Corticospinaltract,Thelargestnumberoffibers(nearly90%)crossanddescendintheposteriorpartofthelateralfuniculus,asthelateralcorticospinaltract.uncrossedfibersintotheanteriorfuniculusofspinalcordiscalledtheanteriorcorticospinaltract.,conveysmotorimpulsesfrommotorareaofcortextotheirterminationmotornucleusofCN.,Corticonucleartract,Corticonucleartract,totheirterminationmotornucleusofCNandanteriorhornofspinalcordmuchmorethanonetimerelay-synapses.,Extrapyramidalsystem,Mediallongitudinalfasciculus,Themediallongitudinalfasciculusinterconnectstheoculomotor,trochlear,abducens,Edinger-Westphal,vestibular,reticularandspinalaccessorynuclei,coordinatingconjugateeyemovementsandassociatedmovementsoftheheadandneck.,reticularformation,consistsoffibersandsmallgroupsofnucleusthemedullaandponsmedianzonecontainingnucleirapheparamedianreticularnuclei.Inthemedullaitprojectmainlytothecerebellum.amedialzoneregardedasan“effector”area,asmallerlateralzonereferredtoasthe“sensory”part,becauseitreceivescollateralsfromsecondarysensorypathways,A.RapheNucleiB.CentralNuclearGroupC.LateralNuclearGroupD.PrecerebellarReticularNuclei,ABCD,ReticularFormation,Importanttransversesectionofthebrainstem,1.Decussationofthecorticospinaltracts2.Decussationofthemediallemniscus3.Transversesectionofthemedullathroughthemid-olivarylevel4.Transversesectionoftheponsthroughthefacialcolliculus&abducensnucleus.5.Transversesectionofthemidbrainthroughthesuperiorcollicus,Transversesectionatthelevelofthepyramidaldecussation,Transversesectionatthelevelofthedecussationofthemediallemniscus,Transversesectionatthecaudalendofthefourthventricle,Transversesectionthroughthesuperiorhalfofthemedullaoblongataattheleveloftheinferiorolivarynucleus,Transversesectionthroughtheponsatthelevelofthefacialcolliculus,Thecentralcourseofthefibresofthefacialnerveinatransversesection,Transversesectionoftheponsatthelevelofthetrigeminalnerve,Transversesectionofthemidbrainattheleveloftheinferiorcolliculi,Transversesectionofthemidbrainatthelevelofthesuperiorcolliculi.,Transversesectionofthepons,Transversesectionoftheponsthroughthefacialcolliculus,Transversesectionofthemidbrainthroughthesuperiorcollicus,Roleofbrainstem,Thebrainstemisthebasicattention,inspiration,andconsciousnessofthebrain.Itsendsalltheinformationfro