writing- summary

SummaryWriting,When?Where?Who?What?Why?How?,StoneSoup,Questions,When?Where?Who?What?Why?How?,longago,2.apoorlittletown,3.ayoungman,4.hungrywantedtoaskforsomethingtoeatrefusedtogivehimfood.,5.Allthepeoplehadalittlefood,butnotenoughtoshare.,6.hadanidea.madeafirecookedthestonesoupattractedthepeopletoputsomefoodintoit.shared.,Longago,ayoungmancameintoapoorlittletown.Hewasveryhungryandwantedtoaskforsomefoodtoeat.Butthepeoplerefusedtogivehimanyfood.Becauseallthepeoplehadalittlefood,butnotenoughtoshare.SoHehadanidea.Hemadeafireinthemiddleoftownandcookedstonesoup.Itattractedpeopletogooutandputsomefoodintothepot.Whenthesoupwasready,theyoungmansharedthesoupwithallofthem.,concise,complete,correct,coherent,概要写作：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要,评分要点1）理解准确，涵盖全部要点2）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇3）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑4）完全使用自己的语言,Summarywritingforargumentation,Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt,1.Read,topic:,structure,Inwhatorderdoesthepassagedeveloptoshowthedifferent“attitudes”?,Tip1:Readfortopicandstructure,(2)Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.(3)Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWar.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?(4)Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.,Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt,2.Explore,supportingideas,Findoutthetopicsentencesofeachparagraph,Para2:Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.,ExamplesofsomeEuropeancountries,(Para3)Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWar.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?,(Para4)Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.,Tip2:Explorefortopicsentences,leavingoutunnecessarypoints,3:Paraphrase,Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.,different,mixed,various,opinions,views,ideas,Peoplesattitudestodirtvaryindifferenttimes.,Peopleholddifferent/mixedopinionstowardsdirtovertime.,Tip3.Paraphrasewithsynonyms,thoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,tectedpeoplefromgettingill.regarddirtontheskinasabarrieragainstdisease.,Tip3.Paraphrasewithsynonyms,Inthe18thcentury,hasnolongerbeenregardedasafriendlyneighbor;cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth,Itwasnotuntil.thatpeolecametobelievewashingoffdirtbenefitedhealth.Centurieslater,peoplecametoadopt/employ/subsribetoascientificviewondirt,consideringitahealthypracticetoremovedirtofftheskin.,Tip4:Paraphrasewithstructures(participle,with-structure,emphaticsentenceandsoon),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem,playwithdirthelpstrenghthentheirimmunesystem.exposuretosomedirtmayhelp/boostourimmunesystem.,Tip3.Paraphrasewithsynonyms,Peopleholdmixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.,Inthe16thcentury,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.,Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtmorethan200yearsago.Theyhavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.,Nowadays,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.,However,Nevertheless/But,people,4:Polish,nowadays,Tip5:Polishwithconnectivestomakeitcoherent.,5.Copy,Tip6:Copywithcleanness,Howtowriteasummary,R,E,P,C,P,5STEPS,6TIPS,Topicandstructure,Topic/supportingsentences,Coherence,Cleanness,Synonyms,Structures,ExerciseReadandwritewiththestepsandtips,Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgotupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewholeday.Nowadays,peoplestillholdthesameview.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions.Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthanatanyothertimeoftheday.Additionally,ifwegetupearlyanddosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,withoutdoubtwecanbuildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthier.Thatiswhymanypeoplegettingupearlydophysicalexerciseyearafteryear.Also,wewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanand