人工挖孔专项施工方案

is one of the practical form of values. The so-called values refers to the objective things are of no value and the value of fundamental perspective. Different values, peoples behaviour, attitudes, ways are different. People-oriented focus on human value and reality, we need the broadest masses as values. Adhere to people-oriented values, is to make the economy more development, improve democracy, cultural prosperity, and live a happier; is deeply concerned that human development and human values, development of social and human development of rational unified, insisted in the material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization in the overall advancement of Socialist civilization to a higher level. Also want to see that persons value is not only meet your needs, also is to meet the needs of others and the community. Adhere to people-oriented, to strongly advocate every community member, serve others, beneficial to the community of people. The so-called Outlook, attitude is on the record, including who, how to create a record of achievements, how to evaluate performance, and so on. What values, what kind of Outlook. Adhere to people-oriented Outlook, is on the premise of respecting the interests and power of people, creating a popular, warm hearts, steady heart performance, creating serve for one officer, the benefit of achievements, and overall construction of well-off society and promoting the all-round development of peoples performance. Achievement evaluation in both economic accomplishments, take another look at the effectiveness of social progress; changes in both urban and rural change; both hard environment to strengthen and take another look at the soft environment improvement momentum of development at present, depending on the potential for sustainable development. Leave people to talk about values are worthless and leave people to talk about Outlook is not what the performance. 4. people responded to the starting point of the question, and replied to questions point. Man is the sum of social relationships. We cannot leave the chichuanyongdu, housing, tourism and entertainment, entertaining, and even certain political, economic, cultural and social environment, and so on. Due to human needs, all walks of life will come into being. People create for their survival, and continue enjoying the results of the construction. Colorful in the transformation of the people of the world, community vitality in the creation of man. Therefore, any work we do, the starting point is human, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the needs of people, including survival needs, emotional needs and self-actualization needs. It should be noted that people are not machines, not the slave of an object, not to be controlled. People have their own personality, has its own personality, has its own dignity. Person in need of care, you need to understand, need to meet. It is said that in the agricultural society, people plant; in industrial society, man is an animal; the information society, return孔桩施工方案 孔 桩 施 工 方 案一、工程概况：金沙县思源实验学校工程位于金沙县城关镇古楼村新寨组，与金遵公路相邻，原为新水中学所在位置，金沙县思源实验学校是在原新水中学校址基础上扩征土地后新建。该校建筑占地面积6948.32，建筑总面积18766.74。该工程由教学楼、食堂、教师周转房、男生宿舍、女生宿舍五个子单位工程组成，建筑结构形式：框架结构，设计使用年限为50年。孔桩持力层为中风化白云岩石承载力特征值fck =3000Kpa。桩基础为C25混凝土，护壁为C25混凝土,孔桩有扩大头（扩大头部分不设护壁）。桩基嵌入中风化岩石深，孔桩直径分别为： 1000mm、1200mm等。编制依据： 设计图纸 施工组织设计 建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范GB50202-2002 建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准GB50300-2001 混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范GB50204-2002 土方与爆破工程施工及验收规范GBJ201-1983二、施工测量方案 、测量内容及控制目标测量内容为：施工放样与轴线控制、水准测量与标高控制等；测量控制目标为：孔桩的中心点、孔桩的垂直度、孔桩的孔径满足设计和施工规范的要求。灌注桩的平面位置和垂直度的允许偏差序号成孔方法桩径允许偏差（mm)垂直度允许偏差（）桩位允许偏差（mm)1-3根、单排桩基垂直于中心线方向和群桩基础的边桩条形桩基沿中心线方向和群桩基础的中间桩1泥浆护壁D1000mm501000mm50100+0.01H150+0.01H2套管成孔灌注桩D500mm-20500mm1001503干成孔灌注桩-201701504人工挖孔桩混凝土护壁+500.550150钢套管护壁+501检查每根桩的实际灌注量9桩顶标高mm+30 -50水准仪，需扣除桩顶浮浆层及劣质桩体、孔桩施工注意事项1、主要安全技术措施：图纸会审提出的问题及解决办法要详细记录,写成正式文件或会审纪要，参加会审的单位人员应签章,连同施工图、施工方案等作为主要施工依据。2、挖孔桩的护壁最小厚度应不小于设计厚度。3、场地邻近的建(构)筑物,施工前应会同有关单位和业主进行详细检查,并将建(构)筑物原有裂缝及特殊情况贴上沙纸记录备查。对挖孔和抽水可能危及的邻房,应事先采取加固措施。4、人工挖孔桩的土质、入岩深度、孔底形状、桩径、桩长、垂直度、桩顶标高和混凝土强度等,必须符合设计要求。5、在人工挖孔进深过程中,对可能会出现流砂、涌泥、涌水以及有害气体等情况,必须要有针对性的安全防护措施.对施工现场所有设备、设施、安全装置、工具和劳保用品等需要经常进行检查，确保完好和安全使用。6、每个孔的出渣应平铺堆放在孔口2m以外,多余渣土及时运走。7、大量工程实践证明，工程地质报告中提供情况往往与实际桩孔中土质有一定出入，特别是各层土的厚度，为确保工程质量，桩的支承端必须落在设计要求的持力层中，因此桩的长度在设计图纸中不予确定，由勘察设计院地质人员下孔检查土质情况后方可确定桩长，也就是说，对桩端逐根进行隐蔽检查验收，孔底扩大头虚土是降低甚至丧失桩承载能力的隐患。设计要求将虚土清理干净。在孔底成型验收和灌混凝土前，由工程地质人员、监理公司、施工单位等施工技术人员进行两次检查。8、桩的承载能力与扩孔直径、扩孔底高、趾跟高等参数有关，在扩孔时应保证设计孔的几何尺寸；但扩孔直径也不能过大，这样非但会多挖土石方，而且也增加混凝土用量，造成不必要的浪费。在进行隐蔽检查时，准确记录扩孔、几何尺寸和实际形状，如发现不符合设计要求时立即进行修整，并作好现场记录，存入工地技术档案。9、扩孔后发生塌孔情况时，应进入孔底把塌下的土石清理干净，并且进行再次检查，再灌注混凝土。10、钢筋笼骨架在现场绑架，用现场塔吊放入桩孔内，钢筋笼骨架在制作及安装时应采取措施，保证不变形，每隔一定间距设置十字固定架。在吊桩前，检查钢筋笼是否符合设计要求及规范规定，作好钢筋隐蔽检查记录。凡不符合设计要求的进行修整，合格后再使用。钢筋笼放入桩孔内，作好钢筋与孔壁的间距检查，使钢筋有足够的混凝土保护层。11、按规范规定留置混凝土试块，控制、调整混凝土坍落度，避免混凝土灌注时发生离析情况。桩端扩大部分可不进行振捣，在距桩顶6M范围内进行分段振捣，每层灌注段不超过0.5M就振捣一次，混凝土灌注至顶部时，应及时测量桩顶标高，以免浇筑高度超过设计高度，截桩过多。12、发现孔内涌水，不能强行浇灌，针对情况研究方法，直至采用水下砼浇灌办法进行施工。、产品保护1、钢筋笼的主筋、箍筋和加劲筋应按品种、规格、长度统一编号堆放，以免造成弯曲和错用。2、钢筋笼放入桩孔时必须有保护层垫块。3、桩头外露的主钢筋要妥善保护，不得任意弯折或切断。4、桩头在强度没有达到5MPa时，不得碾压，以免桩头损坏。5、桩头砼达到一定强度后，要及时凿去孔桩头部的浮浆约15cm左右。、水较大(渗水量大于1m3h)时,水下作业施工方法1、在孔底(作业层孔底)的孔边先挖一个500500500或D=400小集水坑,用=50或=100污水泵抽水排水,水下施工人员应穿、戴绝缘水靴和绝缘手套等劳保用品，确保施工安全。可以将孔分二半施工，先挖孔的一半至1m深,再把集水坑移至挖好的地方,再施工另一半。2、若孔底下面出现流砂时,先采用集水坑用污水泵排水后,再用毛石和水泥砂浆砌筑阻塞流砂,为了防止最底下一节砼护壁下滑,用50木棒或18以上钢筋(长度在1-2M)从最下面一节护壁底从侧面打入土中,横向支撑护壁。3、若地下水和流砂特别大,第1、2套方案无法施工时,为了保证水下施工人员安全 ,采用钢护壁施工。地下溶洞施工方法1、每一孔桩挖至岩石时,一定要对照地勘报告判断该处是否有地下溶洞,并把溶洞的大小、深度以及溶洞顶面岩石层厚度掌握清楚,及时与地勘联系,避免爆破时把溶洞顶板可作为持力层的岩石炸掉2、需要穿越的小溶洞,在施工到持力层后，根据地勘的要求是否需要用风钻钎探,如需要，则在每个孔内钻钎探，钎探深度不应小于3m,以便确定溶洞下方是否还有溶洞,并及时与监理、业主和地堪联系,确保地基的承载力符合设计要求。、爆破出碴施工方法1、本工程地下两层，基坑较深。在爆破时必须采用固定爆破，以次减轻周边振动力避免边坡坍塌。爆破采用电雷管和铵锑炸药进行松动爆破,每次爆破必须在孔底覆盖2-3层胶带网。2、爆破临近该孔30M范围内的孔下施工人员必须上地面到安全区,且派专人逐孔检查是否还有人在孔下作业,若有则停止起爆,让孔下人员和地上人员撤离到安全区后再施爆。3、爆破后,在孔中的有毒有害气体未排出干净前,禁止作业人员下孔作业,下孔作业前必须用空压机的高压气管向施爆后的孔桩内送空气15-20分钟,经检查确定安全后再派作业人员下孔施工。4、爆破至离持力层1.0M时,禁止采用爆破施工,由人工用风镐和铁钎进行硬凿和剔打,避免破坏持力层岩石。5、夜间禁止打眼和爆破作业。四、人工挖孔桩护壁厚度验算验算公式 TkpD/2fc经验算设计护壁构造满足要求，可参结施2构造图施工式中：K为安全系数，取1.65, fc-砼轴心抗压强度（MPA），P-土和地下水对护壁的最大侧压（MPA），P=rHtg2(450-/2)+( r- rw)(H-h) tg2(450-/2)+(H-h) rw V土的重度（KN/m3 ) ， rw水的重度（KN/m3 )，H挖土桩护壁深度M，H-地面至地下水位深度M，D-挖孔桩外直径土的内摩檫角，C土的粘檫力KN/m2。护壁构造图五、安全要求、配备专职安全员吴其民；对职工上班要接受三级教育，作业人员必须戴好安全帽，穿好雨衣、雨鞋，提土桶或筐土不能装得太满，防止土石砸人。 、提升或下降先给信号，且给予回答信号后方可动手作业。 、场地准备绳梯和鼓风机，以供应急时使用。 、凡在作业时发现流砂、涌水量大、有毒气时及时向工地值班管理员报告，及时采取有效措施。 、孔壁塌方在一般情况下不会发生，当有流砂层或上层滞带水过多时这种情况才有可能会发生，如发生时可采用木板支撑或用砂袋阻挡。 、井下有害气体一般是由有机腐蚀质产生，如沼气等，凡有这种气体的地段，工人下孔作业前，应将桩孔口盖板掀开，用鼓风机和输风管向桩孔内强行送入新鲜空气，当桩孔比较浅时可用提土桶在孔内上下回提升几次，使孔内空气流动，转换有毒气体。也可用小动物放入孔底，看是否有异常现象。若属情况正常，工人可下孔作业，施工时均配备必要氧气瓶，一旦发生中毒事故可输氧抢救。、孔底下有作业人员时，孔口工作人员应坚守岗位，一旦发生问题可以通过信号联系及时把人提上来。、桩孔上口边缘应设置临时防护栏杆，挖到35M深后，设置钢网板或安全网、桩位应采用间隔挖孔方法，相邻的桩不能同时挖孔，必须待相邻桩孔浇灌完砼之后才可挖孔，以保证土壁稳定。、每天上班前应对井壁、砼护壁以及井中的空气等进行检查，发现异常情况应在采取安全措施后方可施工。(十一)、在正常作业时应随时注意检查，正在使用的吊绳、挂钩、提桶设备等有无破损。(十二)、挖孔人员在下孔井时必须用安全爬梯、系好安全绳，井下需要工具应该用提升设备提送，禁止向井内抛掷。(十三)、夜间一般禁止挖孔作业，如特殊需要需在夜间作业时，须经现场负责人同意，且每个桩孔的施工人员必须有三人，同时在施工现场必须要有安全员在现场指挥。（十四）、每一个孔只能配备一台搅架，严禁采用2台（含2台）以上搅架施工。（十五）、下班前，先把每一个孔桩用木坊（或厚度不小于18mm竹胶板）封盖严实，经检查无安全隐患后方可下班。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。Now, we are in a new historical stage of all-round construction of a well-off society. In perform duties, and carried out work of process in the, we to put people as a guide principles, and a test standard, efforts from masses most hope do of things do up, from masses most care of hot problem grabbed, from masses most not satisfaction of place modified up, not make nominal of formalism, not do grandstanding of cosmetic, to seeking of style, help masses share, is people benefit. (C) the investee people is not only an idea, it is a job requirement. Philosophy through to the people-oriented thought in the work of the Office, must be clear work objectives. Party Office in the city this year remains: Advanced civil strife, local brand. The County (City) Party Committee offices and units directly under the Office to hold high the banner of first to excellence, people-oriented requirements, strengthen the construction and management of the Office towards the work a higher level. Investee 1. political participation based on conspiracy to adhere to people-oriented, will be around to promote coordinationDevelopment events, great searchings. The 16 session of the partys scientific Outlook on development, is the new Central collective leadership to the development of connotation, development essentials, further deepen the essence of development and innovation, is our partys ruling idea a leap. At present, establishing and implementing the scientific concept of development has become the partys important work. As the Office of party Committee, working party should service center, initiative to claim leadership of the decision, the current focus is to focus on promoting comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development with more suggestions, do more research, summarized the typical. One is drafted to raise the level of your presentation. Your presentation is the main Office of products, is the basic carrier staff service, is important to measure service levels. The quality of your presentation, mainly depends on how much we drafted a document recognized by the leadership, how many are