英语长句的翻译方法

长句的翻译方法1 顺序翻译法（1） The problem is that the last generation or so were come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as prettywell everything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。（2） Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individual and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the mali-dominated culture. 2. 逆序翻译法 （1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much detailed information about courses and advice.因此， 如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会， 就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息， 作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。（2）Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子，这叫分译法。使用分译法，可以把原句中的一个词，一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。一、把原文中单词译成句子（一）副词1They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上，但没得逞。2The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。（副词分译）3Not surprisingly, he was constantly receiving complaints from all of them about his not giving value for money.毫不奇怪，他经常受到来自他们之中的种种埋怨，说他光拿钱不干活。4Characteristically, Mr. Smith concealed his feelings and watched and learned.怀特先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会，他的特点就是这样。（二）形容词1That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。（形容词分译）2She is grateful for his defense.他为她挺身而出，她很感激。3The guest was pleased by the distinction but not overwhelmed.来宾对这种破格礼遇感到高兴，但没有受宠若惊。4Suddenly the door bursts and Gorge appears, dirty, disheveled, and bad ragged, with a nasty cut on his chin.突然，门开了，乔治出现了。他十分肮脏，衣冠不整，浑身是泥，下巴严重划伤。5The elements are less reserved and distinct.宇宙各种元素并不像以前那么含蓄，也不像以前那么截然不同。(三)名词1He shook his head and his eyes were wide , then narrowed in indignation .他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。（名词分译）2It was our mistake to have kept nagging you.我们老是唠叨着催你，是我们不对。3The truth is I have someone in my mind some time but Ive been postponing telling my parents.实际情况是，一段时间以来我已经有了心上人，不过我一直拖着，没有告诉父母。4I wanted to laugh at their harmlessness.它们无法作恶了， 我真想放声大笑。二、把原文中的短语译成句子1I wrote four books in the first three years , a record never touched before .我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。（名词短语分译）2She had such a kindly , smiling , tender , gentle , generous heart of her own.她心地厚道，性格温柔可疼，器量又大，为人又乐观。（单词搭配分译）3And in their further disputes she always returned to his point ,“Get me a situationwe hate each other , and I am ready to go .”从此以后他们每拌一次嘴，她就回到老题目，说道：“给我找个事情，反正咱们你恨我，我嫌你，我愿意走。”（修辞需要词语分译）4Because of their origions in the public school system , these institutions do respond to the needs and desires of the community .由于社会学院源自公立教育体系，它们必须按照社区的需求去做。（介词短语分译）5To compare the weight of different types of objects , we should have to weigh equal volumes of each .要比较两种不同物体的重量，就必须取同样的体积进行称量。（不定式短语分译）6Handsome young men must have something to live on, as well as the plain.美男子和凡夫俗子一样，也要有饭吃，有衣穿。7Please reply at your earliest convenience.您要是方便，请尽早回信。8My parents started at each other in silence for a while.一时间，父母面面相觑，沉默不语。9With his failures in life came the fears for the future.他因生活屡遭失败， 所以对前途忧心忡忡。三、把单句译成两个以上的句子1Then a large group of boys and girls , friends of Tom and Joe , came to the school and stood looking over the fence into the yard where they had played together .随后，一大群男孩子和女孩子来到了学校，他们都是汤姆和乔的朋友。他们站在那里，注视着栅栏外曾经一起玩耍的地方。（句子并列谓语的后一部分分译）2Weeks became months .几个星期过去了，几个月过去了。（简单句分译成并列句）3And the stranger understood and appreciated.这位生客会意， 心里充满感激。4He tried to clear his mind and concentrate fully on the film.他竭力摆脱杂念， 集中注意力看电影。四、复合句分译1In dispute between two states with which one is friendly , try not to get involved .当两国发生争端时，如与两国都友好，第二国则力避卷入。（定语从句分译成状语）2At daybreak Tom was awakened by a sound that made him know that he had new things to learn about fear.黎明时刻，汤姆被一种声音惊醒了，这声音使他意识到自己面临着新的可怕的事情（定语从句分译成独立句）3这些国家的共产党和进步党派，正促使它们的政府和我们做生意，以致建立外交关系。 The Communist Party and progressive groups in those countries are urging their governments to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with us. 4这一点现在就必须向党内讲明白，务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄、不躁的作风，务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦朴素的作风。 This must be made clear now in the Party. The comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle. (汉语句中含有从一般或从具体到一般的过度进行分译)5Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.,人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。4 插入翻译法利用破折号、括号将原文句子中的某部分信息以插入成分的方式插入到译文中。在英译汉中采用插入语往往有两种情况。一是将英语原文中已经有的插入语直接翻译成汉语中的插入成分放到汉语译文中；二是英语原文中没有插入语，但由于其附加部分很多，且结构复杂。这时，汉语译文中就不得不采用插入法将其中的某部分信息用插入语的方式置于译文中。英语中含有同位语从句的句子在汉译时常常采用这种方法。如：1Although fluent in English, he uses-and sometimes nitpicks with translate, a ploy that gives him time to ponder his answer.尽管他英语很流利，但他仍然要有时还要挑译员的毛病运用一种策略来给自己争取时间思考如何回答问题。2. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten: by the river and the pond, on the hill and in the valley.雪，飘落在每一片森林、每一片田野上：河边、湖畔、山上、谷底等到处都是就连岩石上的裂缝中也都盖满了雪。5综合翻译法*Digital computers are all similar in many way such as having at least the five parts which all work together when solving a problem.分析：这个句子由一个主句、一个定语从句和一个when引导的分词短语组成。主句中含有一个such as 引起的同位语短语。全句有三层意思：（1）各种数字计算机在许多方面都相似；（2）至少具备五个部分：（3）这五个部分在解题时都一起工作。这三层意思都具有相对的独立性，因此，译文化整为零，分别叙述，分成三个单句。从内容上看，原文逻辑关系和表达顺序与汉语基本一致，但因状语放在谓语动词之后，和汉语表达习惯不同，所以翻译时，可顺中有序，化整为零，进行综合处理。译文：各种数字计算机在许多方面都相似，例如， 至少具备五个部分，这五个部分在解题时都一起工作。Exerc