论文哈佛大学引用标准格式

Harvard Referencing System GuideMotivation For This DocumentIn academic work，you are expected to follow certain rules of conduct in your study。specifically、whenever you create an assignment、essay、Presentation、group project、or other work which will be submittednot doing so may cause your grade to be reduced significienty，perhaps even to the point of failure。“academic standard”is quite a vague term and can be different things to different people . how ever，For business students you can imaginein partictular，This includes work which you see in professional journal，the work of your professors and the writers of your textbooks。Of course，you are not expected to be able to producte leading edge content in your work，But the format of your work should follow the same acadthis document only discusses the elements of referencing which are required for academic standard work . other elements of your work suchReferencing can be done in many ways。for your programme，The standard method of referencing is The Harvard system of references 。this system is very common world-wide，And is nearly universally undersally understand . however in your professional career or in other other acade mideyou are responsible for being aware of the local standards required in any work which you produce。In most reference systems，the idea is to leave the main text of your work uncluttered，But to still provide clear hints to the reader about wheetthe format for this is specified by the system of referencing you are using。in the ca Se of the Harvard System，A citation looks like Smith (2002)。a biblical entry provides a complete description of the actual resource in a standard form . it contains just enough information for readers to Find thindWhat This Document Isthis work is taken larly from an online guide to the Harvard system at the university of the west of England website(uwe，2005)。this is a guide to the Harvard system of references and is based on British standards 16293336901989 and 5605336051990 . as these standards do not yetthese re commendations follow current common practice。this document provides a series of guidelines for citations(also known as attributils)And their accompany bibliculates . these guidelineswhatever that way is，you should be absolutly conistent Within your work(I . e .Within your assignment/report/presentation)in consistence is sloppy and viewed as un professional。of course，If your professor supervisor imposes other constraints on you，then you should follow those as well。general comments about electronic resourcesthe general re commendation for electronic resources is that you need to include all the usual information for print resources . in addition，Youdetails of this are provided below .Further more，for any electronic resource which has a printed counter part(e . g .an electronic book，or electronic newpaper，)，You should present the information in a similar way in both cases。for example，If your biblical entries to printed books includes the title of the book quoted and in italics(“like this”)Then your booksCitation in the text of your work。Introductiona citation is simply a reference to a resource。the resource could be a page in a book，a magazine article，a television programme，Or even a telephone call . in the Harvard system，a，To distinguish between these resources)。this simple method lets you lookup the biblical entry easily，And also lets you see directly who is being quoted or referenced .the full details of the resource(the title of the book and the publisher，for example)are provided in the bibliography section。here is an example of a citation :.the work of Jones(1991 a)shows that lips are.when you write a report or give a presentation you include citations for a number of reasons :as a shortchand method of allowing your readers to understand any background material which may be important in understanding your work。as a way of giving credit to other people for their ideas，techniques，opini