Description英文写作电子教案.ppt

Description,DescriptionofPlaces,ObjectsandPeople,Contents,DefinitionofdescriptionTypesofdescriptionWaystodevelopadescriptionessayDescriptionofaplaceDescriptionofanobjectDescriptionofapersonAssignment,Description,Descriptionisthetypeofwritingthathelpsthereadertoseewhatsomeone/someplace/somethingislike.Orwemaysaydescriptionispaintingapictureinwordsofaperson,place,object,orscene.Adescriptionessayisgenerallydevelopedthroughsensorydetails,ortheimpressionsofonessenses-sight,hearing,taste,smell,andtouch,etc.Leaveouttheirrelevantonesandkeepthosewhichhelptobringoutthedominantcharacteristicoroutstandingqualityofthepersonorthingdescribed.(sample1),ExampleofAdoptingSight-AFriendlyClown,Ononecornerofmydressersitsasmilingtoyclownonatinyunicycle-agiftIreceivedlastChristmasfromaclosefriend.Theclownsshortyellowhair,madeofyarn(纱线）,coversitsearsbutispartedabovetheeyes.Theblueeyesareoutlinedinblackwiththin,darklashesflowingfromthebrows.Ithascherry-redcheeks,nose,andlips,anditsbroadgrindisappearsintothewide,whiteruffle（花边）arounditsneck.Theclownwearsafluffy（蓬松的）,two-tone（两种颜色的）nyloncostume.Theleftsideoftheoutfitislightblue,andtherightsideisred.Thetwocolorsmergeinadarklinethatrunsdownthecenterofthesmalloutfit.Surroundingitsanklesanddisguisingitslongblackshoesarebigpinkbows.Thewhitespokes（车轮的辐条）onthewheelsoftheunicyclegatherinthecenterandexpandtotheblacktiresothatthewheelsomewhatresemblestheinnerhalfofagrapefruit.Theclownandunicycletogetherstandaboutafoothigh.AsacherishedgiftfrommygoodfriendTran,thiscolorfulfiguregreetsmewithasmileeverytimeIentermyroom.,Typesofdescription,Objectivedescription-recorddetailswithoutmakinganypersonalcomment.Subjectivedescription-thewriterisfreetointerpretdetailsforthereader/audience.Note:Fewdescriptionsoutsideofsciencewriting,however,arecompletelyobjective.,Waystodevelopadescriptionessay,Throughtheimpressionsofonessenses-sight,hearing,taste,smell,andtouchUsingspatialorder:describingthephysicallayoutoftheplace(leftright,bottomtop,clockwise/counterclockwise,insideoutside)UsingchronologicalorderUsespecificwordsDecideonthedominantimpression,GeneralandSpecificWordsforGoodDescription,Specificwordshelptomakewritingclear,exact,vivid,andstriking,fortheyaremoreinformativeandexpressivethangeneralwords.Compare:agoodmankind,honest,just,generous,sympathetic,warm-hearted,selfless,brave,honorablegoodfoodtasty,delicious,nourishing,rich,wholesome,fresh,appetizing,abundantHousemansion,villa（别墅）,chateau（庄园）,cottage,bungalow（平房）,cabin,hut,shack,shanty,barn(仓房）,GeneralandSpecificWordsforGoodDescription,PracticeEg.Laugh:smile,grin,chortle,guffaw,sneer,titter,giggleCry:sob,weep,blubber,snivel,howl,bawl,wail,moan,Animal:Flower:Wind:RainTree:Walk:Angry:Lookat:,GeneralandSpecificWordsforGoodDescription,General:Itisoftenwindyanddustyhereinspring.Specific:Inspringthereisoftenaverystrongnorthwestwind.Itcarriessomuchfinedustwithitthatsometimesthesunbecomesobscure.Thereisnoescapefromthefinedust;itgetsintoyoureyes,yourears,yournostrils,andyourhair.Itgoesthroughthecracksofclosedwindowsandcoversyourdesksandchairs.,GeneralandSpecificWordsforGoodDescription,General:Theroomwasamess.Specific:AsIwalkedintotheroomIcouldbarelyfindacleanplacetostep.Therewereclothesalloverthefloor,alongwithpapers,books,andpossiblywhatlookedlikeanold,moldysandwich.Thestenchwasunbearable.,GeneralandSpecificWordsforGoodDescription,General:Ilovethesmellofsunshine.Specific:?Yourturn,CriticalReadingonDescriptionofanObject,Readthefollowingthreedescriptiveparagraphsaboutthesunshineandgiveyourcomments.1.ILiketheSmellsofSunVeryMuchIlikethesmellsofsun.Itissweet,whichtasteslikeanice-cream.Ithaschangeablecolor,whichturnstheplaingroundbecomebrightandfull.Ithassoftsunshine,whichletmybodyfeelwarmandcomfortable.Ithasaquietlanguage,whichmakesagentlewhisperthroughmybodyandtellsmewhatarethesecretsofthesun.Ithasawonderfulpower,whichreflectsthepureandthebeautifulthingsintheworld,brightensallthedarkthingsup,andencouragesmetoovercomeallthedifficultiesinmylife.Ilikethesmellsofsunverymuch.Bystudent,CommentonSmellsoftheSunbyStudent,Comment:Thedescriptionisveryimaginativebuttooabstract.Trytoaddmoreconcreteexamplestoshowwhyyoulikethesmellofsun.,2.SmellsoftheSun,Ilovethesun.Ilovethesunsrays,lightandwarmth,especiallythesunssmells.Whenthesuncomesagainaftertherain,Icaninhalethehumidairmadebythesunsheat.Inasunnygarden,thescentofthegrassandofplantsthatcarrythesmellsofthesunwaftalonginthebreeze.Ilikesunningmybedclothesifitisanicewarm,sunshinyday,thenthebedclothesgainanaromaofthesunaftertheirsunbath.Iaskmyson,“Canyousmellthesuninyourbedclothes?”Hepicksupacornerofhisbedclothes,thenbendshisheadclosetothemandbreathesindeeply.Heanswers,“Whatawonderfulsmellofthesun.”Ienjoythesmellsofthesun.-ByXeJiao,CommentonSmellsoftheSunbyXeJiao,Comment:XeJiaowritesofthesunssmellsinashortparagraph.Sheillustratesforusthepowerofconcreteimagery,dialogue,anddescriptivewords.,3.FreeTranquilizer,Vancouverssummersunshinemakesmelazy.IindulgemyselfundertheshadeofthemapletreesduringthesummerinCentralParkinordertobaskinVancouverssunshine.Especiallywhenthewindwavestheleavesandthesunlightslidesthrough,itfeelslikevelvetpattingmybodyorlikeafurrycatrubbingme.Iliketositonthebench,whichisonthesouthernshoreofthelake.Oneday,anoldLabradordogsatbesideme.Althoughthereweremanyadultsjogging,childrengiggling,andsquirrelschasingaround,theoldLabradorwasassolidasarock;heclosedhiseyesandearsandmadehisdaydreamwithoutapause.(Tobecontinued),FreeTranquilizer,Sometimes,whenthesunlightstunghisnose,heshiftedhisbodyoneinchtoavoidit,andwhenthefliesbuzzedaroundhishead,hetwitchedhismuscleorhiseartodispelthegreedyflieswhosharedhissunlight.Afterabsorbingenoughenergy,hetrudgedawaycontentedly.IlovetosipthisfreetranquilizerduringthesummerinVancouver.(-Anonymouswriter)Comment:AnexcellentdescriptiveparagraphaboutthedelightstobefoundatCentralParkinBurnaby.,DominantImpressionforGoodDescription,Decideonadominantimpression-anoverallattitude,moodorfeelingabouttheplaceyouaredescribing(thehustleandbustleofamarketplace,ahauntedcastle,abreathtakingsceneryspot),WhatIstheDominantImpressionintheFollowingPhotos?,WhatIstheDominantImpressionintheFollowingPhotos?,Describingaplace,DescribingaPlace,Placesmaybedescribedfortheirownsake,asinessaysonvisitstofamousscenicplaces,butalsoforthepurposeofrevealingthepersonalityandcharacterofaperson,orcreatingafeelingormood.Eg.Acleanandtidyroommightshowthattheoccupantisanorderlyperson.Eg.Thehowlingofachillywind,thefallingofautumnleaves,ahousestandinginsolitudeonabarrenmountain,allhelptobuildupasombermoodandincreasethefeelingofdepression.,Practice:Whatisthedominantimpressionofthisplace?,Thisroomwaschill,becauseitseldomhadafire;itwassilent,becauseremotefromthenurseryandkitchen;solemn,becauseitwasknowntobesoseldomentered.Thehouse-maidalonecamehereonSaturdays,towipefromthemirrorsandthefurnitureaweeksquietdust:andMrs.Reedherself,atfarintervals,visitedittoreviewthecontentsofacertainsecretdrawerinthewardrobe,wherewerestoreddiversparchments(羊皮纸古文稿）,herjewel-casket,andaminiature（微型人像画）ofherdeceasedhusband.(ByCharlotteBronte),Practice:Whatisthedominantimpressionofthisplace?,PossibleKey:Thisdescriptiongivesthereaderagloomyandlifelessimpressionandmakesonefeelchillyandfrightened.Thisplaceappearstobeghost-haunted.ReadP150ontextbook,Practice(inclass),Writeaone-sentencedominantimpressionofthefollowingplaces.YourlocalsupermarketonSaturdayAreading-roominyouruniversityintheeveningAnexaminationroomPlayground,Describinganobject,Tipsonhowtodescribeanobject,Statebrieflyhowyougottheobject,ifthisisimportant.Providesomebasicfactualinformationaboutit(itssize,shape,texture,color,ect.)Pointoutitsusefulfeatures(uses,functions,etc.)Focusonaparticular,probablythemostimportantcharacteristicoftheobjectStateinwhatwaytheobjectisimportanttoyou,ReadingontheSubject,ReadThePickleJar(5mins)Answerthefollowingquestions:Whydoesntthewriteropenhisessaywithadescriptionofthepicklejarsshape?Whatmethodoforganizationdoeshechieflyuse?Whenwasthepicklejarremovedfromtheparentsroomandwhywasitputback?Inwhatwaydidthepicklejarbecomeasymbol?Asymbolofwhat?,Describingaperson,DescriptionofaPerson,Indescribingaperson,thewritershouldnotmerelygivedetailsofhisappearance.Heshouldtrytorevealthepersonscharacter,thoughts,andfeelings,whichmaybeshowninwhatthepersondoesandsays,orinhowhebehavestoothers.Itisimportanttograspthecharacteristicfeaturesthatdistinguishhimfromallotherpeople.Thosefeaturesthatheshareswithotherscanbeomitted.Peculiaritiesandidiosyncrasiesofaperson,ifany,shouldbeincludedinthedescription,fortheyusuallyimpressthereaderdeeplyandgivelifetothepersondescribed.Showthepersoninaction-showingaperson(indirectdescription)Useanecdotes,WaystoDescribeaPerson,Describehis/herappearanceDescribehis/herlanguageDescribehis/herbehaviorDescribehis/hermannerDescribehis/herpsychologyEtc.,WordsDescribingaPerson,AdjectivestodescribeapersonModest/Decorous端庄稳重的/Self-effacing谦让的/Easy-going/Quiet/Demure娴静的/Unassuming平易近人的/Soft-spoken/Compatible能谦容的/Amiable亲切的/Withoutair/Affable和蔼的/Good-humored脾气好的/Obliging照顾周到的/Considerate考虑周到的/Cordial/Gregarious合群的/Impartial公正的Ardent/enthusiastic/zealous热情的/Erudite博学的/Versatile/Diligent/Thrifty/frugal节约的Optimistic乐观的Openandaboveboard正大光明/Calm,coolandcollected镇静沉着/Introverted/Extroverted,PhysicalAppearance,描述身材常用的形容词有:tall,small,short,ofmediumheight描述体型的有:fat,thin,slim,big,small,ofmediumbuild,strong,obese等.描述相貌的有:beautiful,pretty,good-looking,charming,sweet,handsome,funny,ugly,peculiar,rough,ill-looking,homely,PhysicalAppearance,体格（build）:fat;thin;slim;skinny;overweight;slight;well-build身高（height）:mediumheight;averageheight;belowaverage;tall;short;tallish;middle-sized;ofmediumheight;1.78meters脸型（face）:round;thin;long;squareA.Shehasaverypleasantsmileandshealwayshasatwinkleinhereye.B.Shewasyoung,withafair,calmfacethatshowedacertainstrength.,PhysicalAppearance,头发（hair）:(1)发型（hairstyle）:straight;curly;pigtails;crewcut平头;baldHerhairisbrownandcurly.(2)发色(haircolor):jet-black乌黑的;fair金色的;blonde淡黄色的;golden金黄色的;dyed染色的;brunette浅黑色的;mousey灰褐色的;chestnut栗色的.Sheisabeautifulgirlwithfairhair.Themiddle-agedmanalreadyhasdoublechinsandrecedinghairline.,PhysicalAppearance,五官:(1)眼睛（eye）:deep-set;sunken凹陷的;bulging/protruding凸出的;eyelashes;eyebrows.A.Hiseyesaredeep-setbecausehehasworkedtillmidnightforalongtime.他的眼睛深陷，因为他这段时间经常工作到深夜。B.HehadthemostbeautifulblueeyesIhadeverseen.,PhysicalAppearance,(2)鼻子(nose):long;straight;big;small;flat;hooked.A.Hewasbornahookednose.B.Hisnoseisverybig,sohedoesntlikeit.(3)嘴部(mouth):tooth;even;uneven;chinA.Whenhelaughs,weseehiseventeeth.B.Shehasadoublechin.,PhysicalAppearance,服饰（dress）:smart潇洒的;scruffy邋遢的；well-dressed衣着华丽的;casual随便的;conservative不显眼的;elegant优雅的;fashionable时髦的;suave文雅的;untidy不整洁的.A.Helookscasualjustwearingatweedsuit.他穿了一件花格子衬衫，看上去很随便。B.Shealwaysdressveryelegantandtidy.她总是穿着优雅整洁。,Language,Well-educatedEducatedNotwell-educatedIlliterateExamplefor“notwell-educated”OnedayIfoundTonyatourmeetingplacebehindthegarage.Iwanttobeprentice,hesaid.Mr.Craw,hesaid,Ilikeabuyahouse.,Behavior,快乐A.Heisveryhappyandsweet.B.Theydidntknowwhattodowiththemselvesforjoy.C.Hejumpedforfun.D.Herfacebrightenedup.,满意A.Theresultissatisfactory.B.Itisdifficulttopleaseeverybody.C.Thereisalwaysasmileofcontentmentonherface.D.Shebelongstothosewhoareverydifficulttosatisfy.E.Seeingtheirtaskfinishedgivesthemasenseofsatisfaction.,Behavior,惊讶A.Imsurprisedtofindyouhere.B.Itsnothingtobesurprisedabout.C.Tomysurprise,hedidntcomeyesterday.D.Shelookedatmeinamazement.E.Herappearancefairlytookmybreathaway.F.Everyonelookedatherinastonishment.,悲伤A.Helookssosad.B.Heisnostrangertosorrow.C.Hissadstorymakesherfeelpity.D.Hiswifesdiseasetookawayhisappetite.E.Thenewsdepressesher.,Behavior,愤怒A.Shewasburningwithanger.B.Heeasilyloseshistemper.C.Hewasinarage.D.Shewasredwithanger.,Speak/say/talk/tell/chat/gossipA.Canyouchildspeakyet?B.Hesaidhewantedtogototown.C.Iwanttotalktoyouaboutanurgentmatter.D.Tellmewhathappened.E.Theydroppedinforachatlastnight.F.Youshouldntlistentogossip.,Model1:Atalkativeperson,Heissotalkativethatwheneverhechoosesyouashislistener,whetheryouarewillingornot,youcantescapefromhimwithouthelplesslygivingup2or3hoursofyourprecioustime.Heisafrequentvisitortoothershouses.Oncehehassettledhimselfcomfortablyonyoursofa,hewi