Verbal Reasoning9Verbal Reasoning 03 - level 2

1、Throughout Europe, the three most prevalent ways of punishing an individual for a drug possession offence are warning, fine and suspended prison sentence; with the exception of a few countries, community work orders are rarely used. Those convicted of supply offences are more likely to receive a prison sentence. Notwithstanding, certain offenders receive long sentences and these are often brought up in public debate. Considerable differences between countries exist regarding where to draw the line between users as individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing criminal punishment as deterrence. Each countrys criminal justice system recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to divert them to treatment, while punishing others.答案：FALSEThe text mentions thatwarning,fineandsuspendedprison sentenceare the most prevalent methods of punishing in cases of drugpossession, adding thatcommunity work ordersare also occasionally used. This makes for four methods of punishment.However, note that there are other types of drug offences mentioned in the text, such assupplyoffences, which are punishable by prison sentence (which is different thansuspendedprison sentence).So, we have at least five methods of punishment pertaining to at least two types of drug offences. Thus, the statement is FALSE.2、Throughout Europe, the three most prevalent ways of punishing an individual for a drug possession offence are warning, fine and suspended prison sentence; with the exception of a few countries, community work orders are rarely used. Those convicted of supply offences are more likely to receive a prison sentence. Notwithstanding, certain offenders receive long sentences and these are often brought up in public debate. Considerable differences between countries exist regarding where to draw the line between users as individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing criminal punishment as deterrence. Each countrys criminal justice system recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to divert them to treatment, while punishing others.答案：CWhile it is true that a person caught with drugs would most likely face one of these three punishments, the text does not mention that the choice of punishment depends on the country where the offender was caught. Note that, despite the statement that “differences between countries exist regarding how strongly to draw the line between users as individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing criminal punishment as deterrence”, the statement above does not mention treatment as an option, and the distinction between different types of punishments is not specified.Thus, the answer is CANNOT SAY.3、Throughout Europe, the three most prevalent ways of punishing an individual for a drug possession offence are warning, fine and suspended prison sentence; with the exception of a few countries, community work orders are rarely used. Those convicted of supply offences are more likely to receive a prison sentence. Notwithstanding, certain offenders receive long sentences and these are often brought up in public debate. Considerable differences between countries exist regarding where to draw the line between users as individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing criminal punishment as deterrence. Each countrys criminal justice system recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to divert them to treatment, while punishing others.答案：BThere are two parts to this statement: 1. Penalising via community service is regularly used. 2. Penalising via community service is regularly usedbecause of its therapeutic value.However, it is important to remember that we must always assess the validity of the entire statement against the text. Thus, we first need to see whether the first part of the statement “penalising through community service is regularly used”- is true. According to the text, community work orders are rarely used for this drug offence. This means, that the first part of the statement is FALSE. If we continue and examine the second part, we can see that there is no mention in the text of the therapeutic value of community work, although it does say that treatment is another possible way to deal with offenders.Remainder- choose Cannot Say only when it cannot be decided if the statement is true or false. Since we know that at least a part of the statement is false, than we know the entire statement to be false.Thus, the statement is FALSE4、Throughout Europe, the three most prevalent ways of punishing an individual for a drug possession offence are warning, fine and suspended prison sentence; with the exception of a few countries, community work orders are rarely used. Those convicted of supply offences are more likely to receive a prison sentence. Notwithstanding, certain offenders receive long sentences and these are often brought up in public debate. Considerable differences between countries exist regarding where to draw the line between users as individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing criminal punishment as deterrence. Each countrys criminal justice system recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to divert them to treatment, while punishing others答案：CThe text indicates that each countrys justice system differentiates between users needing treatment and traffickers needing deterrence, but the ratio between these two groups in Europe is not specified.Thus, we CANNOT SAY.5、Throughout Europe, the three most prevalent ways of punishing an individual for a drug possession offence are warning, fine and suspended prison sentence; with the exception of a few countries, community work orders are rarely used. Those convicted of supply offences are more likely to receive a prison sentence. Notwithstanding, certain offenders receive long sentences and these are often brought up in public debate. Considerable differences between countries exist regarding where to draw the line between users as individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing criminal punishment as deterrence. Each countrys criminal justice system recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to divert them to treatment, while punishing others答案：A According to the textEach individual countrys criminal justice system recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to divert them to treatment, whilst punishing others.This means, that each country has its own criteria for determining a persons status on this issue.The statement is TRUE6、Strategic planning is an organisational management practice that is used to set priorities, focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that employees and other stakeholders are working towards common goals, establish agreement around intended outcomes, and assess and adjust the organisations direction in response to an ever-changing environment. It is a disciplined effort that produces fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what an organisation is, who it serves, what it does, and why it does it, with a focus on the future. Effective strategic planning directs not only where an organisation is going and the actions needed to make progress, but also how it will know if it has succeeded.答案：CWhile the text clearly states that strategic planning is a practice used in response to an ever-changing environment, it is not mentioned as essential. It might be essential, but we have no way of knowing this definitively from the text.Thus, the correct answer is Cannot Say7、trategic planning is an organisational management practice that is used to set priorities, focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that employees and other stakeholders are working towards common goals, establish agreement around intended outcomes, and assess and adjust the organisations direction in response to an ever-changing environment. It is a disciplined effort that produces fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what an organisation is, who it serves, what it does, and why it does it, with a focus on the future. Effective strategic planning directs not only where an organisation is going and the actions needed to make progress, but also how it will know if it has succeeded.答案：AThe text indicates that “Effective strategic planning directs not only where an organisation is going and the actions needed to make progress, but alsohowit will know if it has succeeded”.This means that effective strategic planning sets three things:1. the organisations direction2. the actions needed for progress, and -3. howto determine whether it has succeeded - to do this one would need to decide what makes a certain performance successful and another a failure. The word HOW refers to the way in which this is evaluated.The phrase “criteria” means “principles or standards by which something may be judged or decided”, meaning a way to assess, amongst other things, the success of an organisation, which effective strategic planning enables.Thus, the correct answer is TRUE8、Strategic planning is an organisational management practice that is used to set priorities, focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that employees and other stakeholders are working towards common goals, establish agreement around intended outcomes, and assess and adjust the organisations direction in response to an ever-changing environment. It is a disciplined effort that produces fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what an organisation is, who it serves, what it does, and why it does it, with a focus on the future. Effective strategic planning directs not only where an organisation is going and the actions needed to make progress, but also how it will know if it has succeeded.答案：BAmong other goals for strategic planning, the text cites making sure “that employees and other stakeholders are working towards common goals”.This means, that both work towards mutual, not personal, goals.Thus, the correct answer is FALSE9、Strategic planning is an organisational management practice that is used to set priorities, focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that employees and other stakeholders are working towards common goals, establish agreement around intended outcomes, and assess and adjust the organisations direction in response to an ever-changing environment. It is a disciplined effort that produces fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what an organisation is, who it serves, what it does, and why it does it, with a focus on the future. Effective strategic planning directs not only where an organisation is going and the actions needed to make progress, but also how it will know if it has succeeded.答案：CThe correct answer is Cannot Say.The relevant part in the passage from which we can assess the statement is:“.but also how it will know if it has succeeded. From this sentence one may infer that in order to identify success, a comparison with the past is necessary. However, it cannot be determined whether past goals and achievements are necessary for this evaluation10、Supervisors are responsible for tracking probationary and annual evaluation dates and for the completion of the written evaluation in a timely manner, as specified in a companys protocol. The required form for the supervisor to complete is the Staff Performance Evaluation form.In addition, it is recommended that the employee complete a Performance Self-Assessment form. The information from the self-evaluation can be used by the supervisor in the overall review of the employees performance and in setting future goals.An evaluation is only valid once it is signed by the supervisor and the employee has been given an opportunity to review and sign it. However, an employees signature acknowledges receipt only, not necessarily agreement, with an evaluation. If an employee refuses to sign the evaluation, the supervisor will note on the document the date the evaluation was discussed with the employee and the fact that the employee refused to sign it, and will provide a copy of the evaluation to the employee. All documents and attachments with original signatures should be forwarded to the companys HR department for the employees personnel file.答案：CWhile it make sense, intuitively, that a supervisor would have to know these things in order to give an employee a performance evaluation it is not mentioned anywhere in the text. Thus, the correct answer is CANNOT SAY11、Supervisors are responsible for tracking probationary and annual evaluation dates and for the completion of the written evaluation in a timely manner, as specified in a companys protocol. The required form for the supervisor to complete is the Staff Performance Evaluation form.In addition, it is recommended that the employee complete a Performance Self-Assessment form. The information from the self-evaluation can be used by the supervisor in the overall review of the employees performance and in setting future goals.An evaluation is only valid once it is signed by the supervisor and the employee has been given an opportunity to review and sign it. However, an employees signature acknowledges receipt only, not necessarily agreement, with an evaluation. If an employee refuses to sign the evaluation, the supervisor will note on the document the date the evaluation was discussed with the employee and the fact that the employee refused to sign it, and will provide a copy of the evaluation to the employee. All documents and attachments with original signatures should be forwarded to the companys HR department for the employees personnel file.答案：B According to the text, “An evaluation is only valid once it is signed by the supervisor and the employee has been given an opportunity to review and sign it”.Being given the opportunity, however, does not necessarily mean the employee will sign. The text explains that employees may refuse to sign their evaluation, and that this will be noted. This is immediately followed by,All documents and attachments with original signatures should be forwarded to the companys HR .When we read this sentence in context of the previous sentence, we realise that the unsigned evaluation must be included in the documents that are forwarded to HR, or there would be no point in noting the employees refusal to sign in the first place. Unsigned evaluations are still transferred to the companys HR department and the employees personnel file.Thus, stating that the employees signature is mandatory in order for an evaluation to go into the personnel file is FALSE12、Supervisors are responsible for tracking probationary and annual evaluation dates and for the completion of the written evaluation in a timely manner, as specified in a companys protocol. The required form for the supervisor to complete is the Staff Performance Evaluation form.In addition, it is recommended that the employee complete a Performance Self-Assessment form. The information from the self-evaluation can be used by the supervisor in the overall review of the employees performance and in setting future goals.An evaluation is only valid once it is signed by the supervisor and the employee has been given an opportunity to review and sign it. However, an employees signature acknowledges receipt only, not necessarily agreement, with an evaluation. If an employee refuses to sign the evaluation, the supervisor will note on the document the date the evaluation was discussed with the employee and the fact that the employee refused to sign it, and will provide a copy of the evaluation to the employee. All documents and attachments with original signatures should be forwarded to the companys HR department for the employees personnel file.答案：BIt is clearly stated that “it is recommended the employee complete a Performance Self-Assessment form”.The use of the word “recommended” indicates the form does notHAVEto be included.The statement is therefore FALSE13、Supervisors are responsible for tracking probationary and annual evaluation dates and for the completion of the written evaluation in a timely manner, as specified in a companys protocol. The required form for the supervisor to complete is the Staff Performance Evaluation form.In addition, it is recommended that the employee complete a Performance Self-Assessment form. The information from the self-evaluation can be used by the supervisor in the overall review of the employees performance and in setting future goals.An evaluation is only valid once it is signed by the supervisor and the employee has been given an opportunity to review and sign it. However, an employees signature acknowledges receipt only, not necessarily agreement, with an evaluation. If an employee refuses to sign the evaluation, the supervisor will note on the document the date the evaluation was discussed with the employee and the fact that the employee refused to sign it, and will provide a copy of the evaluation to the employee. All documents and attachments with original signatures should be forwarded to the companys HR department for the employees personnel file.答案：BAccording to the text, Self-Assessment forms are to be completed by the employee, not by the supervisor. Thus, the statement is FALSE14、The exponential growth and development in the services and activities of search engines during the past decade has brought about a number of challenging legal issues in the area of copyright law. While search engines are continuously expanding their reach, copyright law has largely failed to adequately respond to these technological advancements. Rather, the current situation is one of rigid, outdated copyright laws being applie