旅游经济学名词解释、简答和讨论题答案VIP

这是根据老师上课划得内容整理的，不能保证全部正确，仅供参考。Part I Definition（Please give the definitions of the following concepts）1. Tourism industry (P1N)Tourism industry is a worldwide giant providing services to many millions of people, providing useful employment and investment returns to others, paying taxes, and upsetting the evolution of local regions.2. Economy (P3N)Economy is the set of institutions that goods and services society wants to consume.3. Demand (P4N)Demand is the relationship between the price and the amount of a good or services that people buy.4. Monopoly (P4)Monopoly is an industry dominated by a single firm.5. Income (P9)Income is the net of value created in an economy during a specific time period, is one of the most important concept in economics.6. Depreciation (P9)Depreciation is defined as the loss in value of the firms capital stock during the period, while capital is the stock of durable productive inputs such as buildings, tools, machinery, and vehicles the firm uses.7. Input-output Analysis (P53)Input-output analysis uses the interdependence of production among the sectors of the economy to analyze what happens to the economy as a whole when the demand for a good changes.8. Final demand (P54)We refer to the sales to household consumers, to government, and buyers outside the region as final demand.9. Sustainable tourism development (P57)Sustainable tourism development as development that explicitly takes accounts of the impact of todays tourism activities on the opportunities that will be available to future tourists and local residents.10. Ecotourism (P58)Ecotourism is tourism designed to take advantage of natural attractions while providing income to local residents and leaving destinations little changed from their pre-tourism conditions.11. Externality (P62)Very frequently some consumer or firm in the economy engages in a transaction that affects the consumption or production of other consumers or firms who are not parties to the transaction.12. Price discrimination (P73)Firms do charge different prices for different sales of the same product or service.13. Code-sharing (P97)Code-sharing is a process whereby an airline will sell some seats on some of its flights of their airline.14. Economies of scale (P129)There are valid economic argument that could support some subsidies for scheduled transportation services such as Amtrak.15. Asymmetric information (P203)Asymmetric information is the fact that the seller of a used car has a lot of information about the quality of the car, while any potential buyer has very little information about a car with which he or she has no experience.Part V Questions1. What are the main functions of trade associations in tourism industry? (P5)One important function of these association is government relations, including monitoring government policy, informing members about impending government actions, and lobbying on behalf if members.2. What dimensions do visitor profiles have? (P15)These profiles measure traveler or visitor characteristics along an array of dimensions, including measures describing the demographics, the purpose of the trip, trip length, serious consumers and many others. 3. What are major factors affecting the aggregate demand for leisure travel and tourism goods and services? (P21)The factors are listed below: income, season of the year, day of the week, price of the travel service, price of substitutes, prices of complements, quality, security.4. What are the purpose and means of customer loyalty programs in tourism industry? (P25, P26)The purpose is to encourage repeat purchase and to develop long-term relationships, tourism service providers have created loyalty marking programs. The loyalty program will induce the customer to exclusively use the services of the loyalty programs sponsor, shifting all if his or her travel business to the sponsor.5. What are the 3 major functions performed by lodging firms? (P138)Lodging firms perform one or more of three major functions: 1)owning property or real estate, 2)managing lodging operations, and 3)franchising the lodging brand.6. How are the three segments in cruise line industry distinguished? (P161)The cruise line industry has three major segments known as the contemporary, premium, and luxury segments. The nature of the ships, the price, the length of the cruise, level of service and amenities, and destinations distinguish the three segments. 7. What do onboard sales in cruise line include? (P164)Onboard sales include retail operations, which may vary from gift shops to extensive shopping opportunities on the largest ships. Internet access, and many other sales to passengers.8. What kind of attractions does theme park include? (P182)These include a wide variety of attractions, including major theme parks, amusement parks, animal parks, aquariums, studio tours, ocean-side boardwalks, and many others.9. What are the main complementary products in theme park? (P187)Theme park offer their visitors many opportunity to buy food and beverages, and theme parks offer visitors many opportunities for shopping for batteries, toys and plush replicas of the licensed characters on which the parks base many of their themes.10. In general, how can industries mitigate asymmetric information problems? (P204)Some possible mechanisms or institutions include the following:Guarantee, band names and reputation, chains and licensing or certification.Part VII Discussions (totally 25, 10 + 15 =25, 102) 1 Describe the connotations of 3 degrees of price discriminations and give some examples on how th