【英语语法-非谓语动词课件】46页+ppt.ppt

句子成分,谓语,谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所处的状态。通常由动词的各种形式来充当。并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致。,句子成分,1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词短语来充当Shegothereatsix.,2.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成的Thegirlfeltcold.Heisateacher.,句子成分,3.有些谓语由“情态动词+动词原形”构成CanyouspeakFrench?Wemustbecareful.,4.如果不及物动词作谓语，则不可以直接加宾语，但可以在不及物动词后加介词再跟宾语Wedependonourselves,notothers.,非谓语,不定式（todo),分词,动名词（-ing),过去分词(-ed),现在分词(-ing),-ing分词,-ed分词,V-ing/V-ed使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时,Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.,Seefromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.,1.2.,Whenweseefromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.,Seeingfromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.,千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！,1.不能单独作谓语2.没有人称和数的变化3.有时态和语态的变化。,时态和语态,doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone,V-ing的否定式,在分词前加“not”,doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone,(not),(not),(not),(not),V-ing在句子中充当的成分,Sende-mailsismoreandmorepopular.Itsnousetakethiskindofmedicine.Thefilmissomoved.IcouldnthelpcrywhenIheardthebadnews.Iheardthegirlsungintheclassroom.,Sending,taking,moving,crying,singing,主语,表语,宾语,宾补,mind、suggest、delay、keepon、lookforwardto、enjoy、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeedin、consider、canthelp、miss,?+doing(V-ing在这种结构中做宾语),have、leave、keepsee、watch、hear、find、notice、feel,catch,?+sb.+doing(V-ing在这种结构中做宾补),5.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Chinaisacountrydevelopingveryfast.,6.Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.Beingill,hewenthome.Timepermitting,Icandoitbetter.,定语,状语,=Iftimepermits,Icandoitbetter,Chinaisalargecountrywhichdevelopsveryquickly.2.IhavereceivedyourletterwhichsaysyouwillcometoChinanextmonth.3.Iwanttoseesomefilmsthatareveryinteresting.,Chinaisalargecountrydevelopingveryquickly.,Ihavereceivedyourletter,sayingyouwillcometoChinanextmonth.,Iwanttoseesomeinterestingfilms.,4.Whenhewaswalkinginthestreet,hesawoneofhisoldfriend.5.Becausehewasill,hestayedathome.6.Afterhefinishedtheletter,hepostedit.,-(when)Walkinginthestreet,hesawoneofhisoldfriend.,-Beingill,hestayedathome.,-Havingfinishedtheletter,hepostedit.,注意:-ing的完成形式只表示这个动作发生在主句动作之前.,V-ing和V-ed的区别,从时态和语态两个角度去区分,V-ing,V-ed,时态,语态,进行时,过去,主动,被动,V-ed的用法,如：,adevelopedcountry/adevelopingcountry,apollutedriver/asleepingbaby,(1)作定语,(2)作状语,_fromthehill,youcangetthewholetown._fromthehill,thewholetownlooksbeautiful.,Seeing,Seen,1.MrBrownwantstobuyausedcar.2.WhatsthelanguagespokeninGermany.3.Thepupilswillgettirediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch4.Imademyselfunderstoodeasily.5.Wefoundtheworkcompletelydone.6.Heated,metalswillexpand.=Ifmetalsareheated,metalswillexpand.7.Seenthroughatelescope,thesunappearsdarkneartheedge.,例外：不及物动词的-ed分词没有被动含义，只表示完成的意思。例如：Thestreetwascoveredwithfallenleaves.这条马路被落叶所覆盖,1._fromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.2._fromthehill,thewholetownlooksbeautiful.,Seeing,Seen,一.主语一致性的考察,常见考点类型,Waitingforabus,_.A.abrickfellonmyheadB.Alittlegirlcametotalkwithme.C.IwashitbyabrickontheheadD.Iwashitbyabrickonmyhead,C,二.一般式与完成式的考察,（04北京)29._inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited（04吉林)28.“Wecantgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,_outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked,三.主动与被动的考察,1.你知道他们正在讨论的话题吗?,Doyouknowthetopic_now?(discuss),2.这个小男孩最后被看见在河边踢球。,Themissingboywaslastseen_neartheriver.(play),beingdiscussed,playing,四.句子成分混淆,1.Therearealotofstudentsareplantingtreesonthesmallhill.,2.Helayonthegrass,andlookingatthesky.,planting,looking,3.ThebookbelongstoMaryislost.,belonging,V-ing和V-ed用法归纳:V-ing作主语(谓语动词用单数）,v-ed不能作主语Usingcomputersisverycommoninourdailylife.2.V-ing作表语与ved分词作表语的区别Thestoryisinteresting.Thelittlegirlisinterestedinthestory.Thenewsisdisappointing.Hewasdisappointedtoheartheresult.,Whentheboyswerewatchingtheexcitingfilm,theywereveryexcitedThestudentsareallmovedbythemovingstory.Whenshesawthesurprisingresult,shegaveusasurprisedlook.,区别:v-ing作表语时表示某物具有的性质,常翻译为”令人”。v-ed做表语具有被动的概念，一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为“感到.”。,3.v-ing可作宾语，v-ed不能作宾语：Wemissedseeingthatfilmwhenitwasatthelocalcinema.Heoftenimaginesflying.Hedreamsaboutbeingadoctor掌握只能跟v-ing作宾语的动词及短语,4.v-ing和v-ed作宾补时的区别:Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.Hewatchedthecarscomingandgoing.Isawhimplayingcard.Sheheardhersistersinginginherroom.MrLihasJimstandingoutsidethedoor.IhadmyMP3repairedlastweek.WeheardthissongsunginEnglish.NomatterhowItry,Ijustcantmakemyselfunderstoodbytheforeigner.V-ing用作宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成主动关系，说明宾语一直在做或正在做某事.V-ed用作宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成被动关系，说明宾语的情况,5.v-ing和v-ed作定语时的区别:asingingbird.asleepingdogamancarryingababyastudentplayingwithknifepeoplefightingagainstwarsaswimmingpoolawritingdesk,awoundedmonkeyabrokenchairboiledwaterasoldierwoundedbyknifearoadcoveredwithsnow,6.v-ing和v-ed作状语时的区别:Beingill,Icantgotowork.(原因)Seeingthehouseonfire,shecalled119(时间状语)Hesatonastone,readingabook(伴随性状语)Hearingthegoodnews,wealljumpedupwithjoy.(时间状语)Thehusbanddied,leavinghiswifethreedaughters.(结果状语)Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillageisverybeautiful.(时间状语)Cookedinaspecialway,thefishtastesVerynice.(原因状语)Givenmoretime,wecouldfinishthejob(条件状语)Thepresidententeredthehall,followedbyhisguards.(伴随性状语),不定式(todo)的用法:可作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.不定式做主语时，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。Itisadj/ntodosthIttakessbsometimetodosthIttookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Itisverydifficultforhimtofinishthepaperinsuchashorttime.,1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。(一致性),Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither,一次做两件事等于未做。,Toseeistobelieve.,百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）,2)betodo结构表将来时:HeistomarryRose.,可作表语,3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。,Hiswishistobuyacarinthenearfuture.,他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。,Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.,最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染,Whatshewantstodomostnowistotravelabroad.,可作宾语1)Sherefusedtocomehere.,后面用不定式作宾语即用v+todo结构的常用动词有:afford（负担得起）,agree（同意）,appear（似乎，显得）,expect（期望）fail（不能）,happen（碰巧）,hope（希望）,intend（想要，打算）,learn（学习）,manage（设法）,plan（计划）,pretend（假装）promise（承诺，允许）,refuse（拒绝）,want（想要）wish（希望）,Theybeggedtogowithus.,他们恳求与我们同行。,Youneedntbothertocomeyourself.,不必劳驾你亲自过来。,2)有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，但不可以是why。,Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.,Couldyoutellmewhethertogoforapicnic?,你能告诉我是否会去野餐吗？,Mylittlesisterislearninghowtoreadandwrite.,Mymothershowedmehowtopreparemeals.,Iwonderwheretogo.,我的小妹妹正在学习如何阅读和书写。,母亲向我演示了如何做饭。,我不知道去哪儿。,3)还可用it代替不定式作形式宾语Findit+adj+todosth,Ifounditimpossibletoanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.,我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。,Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.,一些过去著名的人物在今天也许就难以成功。,不定式可作宾语补足语:Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.动词不定式作宾语不足语时to要省略的动词有:1.感官动词see,hear,notice,watch,observe,feel,listento等;2.使役动词have,make,let,1)不定式修饰的名词前有only，last，next，nota，序数词(first,second,.)或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语,与其所修饰的名词通常逻辑上是主谓关系。,Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.,昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。,CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.,查理林德伯格是第一个独自飞跃大西洋的人。,不定式可作定语:,2)不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时，该不定式后面不能再带宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，则需保留介词。,Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.,早上他有很多工作要做。,Ineedapentowritewith.,我需要一支笔写字。（介词with不能省略）,3)不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。,Iworkedsolateintheofficelas