SCI论文写作Session 6B Illustrations 10-11-2017

ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6BPresentationofData,1,Session6B,Experimentshavebeenperformed.Datahavebeencollected,analyzedstatistically,andinterpreted.Now,resultsaretobesummarizedandpresentedtotellastory.,StepsInvolvedinPublication,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,2,Part1of2Thetextiseasiertowriteafterillustrationshavebeenprepared.Checkthejournaltoseehowillustrationsarepresented.Agoalistosimplifythemessagewithoutfalsifyingoroverstatingthedata.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Illustrations,general,Session6B,3,Part2of2Datasummariesmaytakethreeforms:texttablesfigures,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Illustrations,general,Session6B,4,Someresultsarebestpresentedinasentence,withdatasummarizedparenthetically,forexample:Seedproductionwashigherformarigoldsinfull-sun(53.28.6seeds)thanforthoseinfilteredlight(17.42.3seeds,p0.001).,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Illustrations,general,Session6B,5,Inthetext,drawattentiontotheresults,usuallyreferringtotablesandfiguresparenthetically.Examples:Theinfectivityofthefourtypesofbacteriavariedbymorethan100-fold(Table2).Germinationratesincreasedwithtemperaturesupto40C(Fig.3).,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Illustrations,general,Session6B,6,Arrangetablesandfigurestotellastory,thatis,howyouansweredthequestionyouposedintheIntroduction.Everyfigureandtableshouldbereferredtointhetext.Tablesandfiguresarenumberedindependently,inthesequencethattheyarereferredtointhetext.Tablesandfiguresareusuallyplacedonseparatepagesafterthemaintextandreferences,buttheymaybeembeddedinthetext.(Trynottobreakupthetextsothatitisdifficulttoread.)FollowtheInstructionsforAuthors.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Illustrations,general,Session6B,7,Fortablesandfigures,thefontandfontsizeshouldbestandardized.Alltablesshouldalllooksimilar,andallfiguresshouldlooksimilar.Tablesandfiguresshouldbeclear,well-labeled,anddescribedbytheirlegends(captions)sothattheycanbeunderstoodwithoutreferencetothetext.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Illustrations,general,Session6B,8,Legends(captions)cancontain:resultsinthecontextofthequestionbeingansweredThenameoftheorganismstudied,ifapplicablethetreatmentappliedortherelationshipdisplayedinformationneededtointerprettheresults(intables,thisisfrequentlyinfootnotes)cultureparametersorconditions(e.g.,temperature,media),ifapplicablestatisticaltestsummaries,ifapplicable,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Illustrations,general,Session6B,9,Legends(captions)preferablyshouldnotextendbeyondthewidthofthetableorgraph.Tablelegendsareplacedabovethebodyofthetableandaregenerallyleft-justified.(Tablesarereadfromthetopdown.)Figurelegendsareplacedbelowthefigureandarealsoleft-justified.(Graphsandothertypesoffiguresareusuallyreadfromthebottomup.),ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Illustrations,general,Session6B,10,Part1of4:Tablespresentexactvalues(numbers)andallowcomparisonsbetweendatapoints.Tablesshouldbeunderstoodwithoutreferringtothetext.Ingeneral,useonlyonetableper1000wordsoftext.Thetextmustrefertothetablebynumber.Headings(captions)shouldbeconcise,containkeywords,andbeparallelforalltables.Headingsdonothavetobesentences.Certainwords,suchastemperature,canbeabbreviatedintables,whereastheywouldnotbeabbreviatedinthetext.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Tables,Session6B,11,Tables,Part2of4:Numbersintablesshouldshownomoresignificantdigitsthanareessentialforreasonableprecisionandaccuracy.Aligndecimalsincolumns.Columnheadingsshouldincludeunits,asappropriate.Donotconstructtablescontainingverticallines.Comparisonsbetweenlikeelementsaremadedowncolumns,notacrossrows.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,12,Tables,Part3of4:Donotincludecolumnsorrowscontainingonlyonerepeatedvalue.Donotincludemassesofnegativedata.Use“straddlelines”overallcolumnsofitemstowhichtheheadingrefers.Asafootnotetothetable,defineabbreviationsnotdefinedinthetext.Footnotesaregenerallypresentedwithsuperscriptletters(e.g.,a,b,c)orassymbols(e.g.,*,asterisk,dagger,doubledagger,andsectionsign,respectively).See“InstructionsforAuthors”todetermineiftablesaretobeplacedattheendofthetextorinthetext.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,13,Tables,Part4of4CanbepreparedinthetablefunctionofWord.Presentlistsofnumbersincolumns,witheachcolumnhavingatitleorlabel.Provideafocusondifferencesamongindividualvalues.Unitsarespecifiedincolumnheadingsorinfootnotes.Footnotesclarifypointsinthetableordenotestatisticaldifferencesamonggroups.Footnotescanbeinasmallerfont,butthemainpartofthetableshouldgenerallyhavethesamefontasthetext.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,14,Table1.Effectsoftheorganicextractonspermmorphologyofrats.tablelegenddemarcationlinesamL/kgbw/day;bValues(%)areexpressedasmeansS.D.cSignificantlydifferentfromthecontrol,p0.05.footnotes(Notethatdecimalsarealigned.),ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Tables,Session6B,15,Africa(T0go)-2001,16,Figures-general,Include:Graphs(mostcommon)PhotographsFlowchartsDiagrams,drawings,orschemes,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,17,Graphs,Part1of4Graphsgenerallyconveyinformationbetterthantextoratable.Theyarebasicallypictorialtables.Graphsdonotemphasizeindividualvalues.Graphsshowtrends,relationships,overallpatterns,andinteractionsbetweenvariables.Graphsdemonstratechangeovertimeorconcentration.Graphsshouldbeunderstoodwithoutreferringtothetext.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,18,Graphs,Part2of4Avoidwastedspace.Theindependentvariableisonthex-axis,andthedependentvariableisonthey-axis.Onbothaxes,plotthelengthofintervalssothatthecurvesarenotexcessivelyflatorsteep.Headings(captions)shouldbeconcise,containkeywords,andbeparallelforallgraphsinthemanuscript.Thenumberofcurvesonagraphshouldbe5.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,19,Graphs,Part3of4Itisgenerallybettertousestandardsymbols(o,)connectedwithlinesthanlinesalone.Usethesamesymbolsconsistentlyfromgraphtograph.Thecurvesshouldbebold;theaxesandticmarksshouldbelessbold.Ifpossible,presentthekeytothesymbolsinsidethegraphitself.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,20,Graphs,Part4of4Showtrendsandrelationships.CanbeXYlinecharts,XYscatterplots,bargraphs,piecharts,dotplots,orbox-and-whiskerplots.Titlesarenotincludedonthefigures.Fontsizeshouldallowreadingofalltextrelatingtoafigure.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,21,GraphsX/Ylinegraph,Y-axislabelKeytosymbols,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,Y-axiswithticmarks,Datawithsymbolsanderrorbars,Origin,X-axiswithticmarks,X-axislabel,Legend,Fig.1.EffectofBaPonexpressionofmt-p53,wt-p53,andp-p53inlungcellsat48hr.,22,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.6.Plasmaconcentrationsofadaphostinfollowingintravenousadministrationtoeachoftwodogsatadoseof7.5mg/kg.,Graphs,Examples,Session6B,23,BarCharts,Barcharts,whichhaveonlyonemeasurableaxis,emphasizedifferences,buttheyarenotnumericallyspecific.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,24,Part1of3,BarCharts,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,Figure1.miR-148alevelsinwell-differentiatedHCCtissuesrelativetothoseinpoorlydifferentiatedHCCtissues,asdeterminedbyqRT-PCRanalyses(meanSD,n=32).*p0.01comparedwithwell-differentiatedtissues.,X-axis,Y-axis,Y-axislabel,Barswitherrorbars,K,Keytobars,Legend,25,Part2of3,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,MCF-7,MDA-MB-468,BarCharts,Session6B,26,Part3of3,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Photographs,Session6B,FigureS1.ExpressionofCD44andCD90inHCCtissuesamples.Samplesfromwell-differentiatedHCCtissues(n=15)weremixed,asweresamples(n=17)ofpoorlydifferentiatedHCCtissue,andWesternblotanalysesforCD44andCD90levelswereperformed.,FigureS1.ExpressionofCD44andCD90inHCCtissuesamples.Samplesfromwell-differentiatedHCCtissues(n=15)weremixed,asweresamples(n=17)ofpoorlydifferentiatedHCCtissue,andWesternblotanalysesforCD44andCD90levelswereperformed.GAPDHwasusedasaloadingcontrol.,27,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishingDotPlots,Session6B,Haveonlyonequantitativeaxis.Eachdotrepresentsadatapoint.Eachdotisplacedsothatitisvisible.Usually,ahorizontallinerepresentsthemeanvalue.,28,Part1of2,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishingDotPlots,Session6B,Part2of2,29,Fig.2H,I.LevelsofCCAT1andmiR-218inseraofnon-smokersandmild,medium,andheavysmokers.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishingBox-and-WhiskerPlot,Session6B,30,Fig.2.BoxWhiskerplotanalysisofthedistributionofdailymaximumtemperaturevalueswithdailynumbersofcardiovasculardeathcases.JournalofForensicandLegalMedicine.2010;17(5),236-242.,FlowCharts,Part1of2Flowchartsshowsequentialprocessesanddescribecausation.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,31,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,EtOHextracts,Resincolumn,70%EtOHeluate,Fraction3,EtOAcextract,LeavesofPanaxnotoginseng,FlowCharts,Session6B,Part2of2,32,PieCharts,Part1of2Piechartsshowproportions,partsofawhole,orpercentages.Note:Manyeditorspreferthatsuchdatabepresentedinanotherform,suchasbarcharts.,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Session6B,33,PieCharts,MDA-MB-468Cells,20(S)-25-OCH3-PPD,20(S)-PPD,Session6B,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,34,Part2of2,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Complexfigures,Session6B,Figure2.miR-148aisinvolvedinthemigratorycapacityofMHCC97Hcells.Cellsweretransfectedfor12hwiththecon-mimicormiR-148a-mimic.(A)TranswellassayanalysesofthemigratorycapacityofMHCC97H(bars=500m);(B)numbersofmigratoryMHCC97Hcells(perfieldofview,meanSD,n=5).*p0.01comparedwithcellstransfectedwiththecon-mimic.,35,Part1of4,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Complexfigures,Session6B,Figure3.miR-148ablockstheEMTinMHCC97Hcells.Cellsweretransfectedwiththecon-mimicorthemiR-148a-mimicfor12h.(A)WesternblotanalysesofE-cadherinandvimentinlevels;(B)qRT-PCRanalysesofCD90andCD44mRNA.*p0.01comparedwithcellstransfectedwiththecon-mimic.,36,Part2of4,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Complexfigures,Session6B,Fig.1.BaPinducesneoplastictransformationofHBEcells.Abbreviations:HBE,normalHBEcells;C-HBE,passage-controlHBEcells;T-HBE,BaP-transformedHBEcells;A549,A549carcinomacells.HBEcellswereexposedto1.0MBaPfor40passages.Cellcolonies(A)andtheirnumbers(B,meansSD,n=3)insoftagar(bars=250m).A549cellsservedasapositivecontrol.(C)Growthcurvesforpassage-controlHBEcellsandBaP-transformedHBEcells(meansSD,n=3).*P0.05differencefrompassagecontrolcells.*P2typewrittenpages)Figuresofpoorquality.(Mostjournalsnowhaveminimumresolutionrequirementsforphotographs,figures,andillustrations.),Illustrations-general,Session6B,Part2of3,43,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Commonmistakesinpreparingillustrations:Unclearfigures(lowquality).Differencesinfontsizeorstylebetweenfigures.Unclearfigurelabels.Misspelledlabels.Missingunits(hours?concentration?).,Illustrations-general,Session6B,Part3of3,44,Session6B,BackgroundCigarettesmokingisthestrongestriskfactorforthedevelopmentoflungcancer,theleadingcauseofcancer-relateddeaths.Themolecularmechanismsleadingtolungcancerareunknown.Uncontrolledcellproliferationresultingfromaderegulatedcellcycle,andenhancedinvasionandmigration,aremaineventsinneoplastictransformation.Cigarettesmokeextract(CSE)speedsupthecellcycle,leadingtocelltransformation.,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,45,Part1of21,Session6B,BackgroundCancercellsoverexpressBMI1,whichspeedsupthecellcycleandpromotesthecancerstemphenotype.Inhumanbronchialepithelial(HBE)cells,CSEreduceslevelsofmiR-218,atumorsuppressorthattargetsBMI1throughbindingtoits3-UTR.Along-noncodingRNA,CCAT1,isupregulatedincancers.Hypothesis:BMI1,miR-218,andCCAT1areinvolvedinthetransformationofcellsbyCSE.,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,46,Part2of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.1A(Westernblots),B(barcharts).Forhumanbronchoepithelial(HBE)cellsexposedtoCSE(short-term),theexpressionofBMI1isincreased,andexpressionofitsdownstreamprotein,p21,whichmaintainsG1arrest,isdecreased.,47,Part3of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.2A,RT-PCR(photo),2B(barchart).CSEincreasesCCAT1anddecreasesmiR-218onshort-termexposure.,48,Part4of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.2C(RT-PCR),2D(barchart),qRT-PCR.CSEincreasesCCAT1onlong-termexposure.,49,Part5of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.2E(barchart).CSEdecreasesmiR-218.,50,Part6of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.2F(Westernblots),Fig.2G(barchart).CSEincreasesBMI1duringlong-termexposure.,51,Part7of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.2H,I(dotplots).Inseraofsmokers,levelsofCCAT1areincreased,andlevelsofmiR-218aredecreased.,52,Part8of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.3G,H(barcharts,qRT-PCR),3I(RT-PCR).AnmiR-218mimicincreaseslevelsofmiR-218butdecreaseslevelsofCCAT1.,53,Part9of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.4B(Westernblots),C(barchart).CCAT1siRNAlowerslevelsofBMI1andp21.,54,Part10of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.4D(Westernblots),E(barchart).AnmiR-218mimiclowersBMI1.,55,Part11of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.4F(Westernblots),G(barchart).AnmiR-218inhibitorreversestheeffectsofCCAT1siRNAonBMI1.,56,Part12of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.5A(FACS),B(barchart).CCAT1siRNAdecreasestheS-phaseofthecellcycleoftransformedHBEcells,aneffectreversedbyanmiR-218inhibitor.,57,Part13of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.5E(FACS),F(barchart).BMI1siRNAslowsthecellcycleoftransformedHBEcells.,58,Part14of21,Session6B,TellingaStoryThroughIllustrations,ScientificWriting,Editing,andPublishing,Fig.6A(photographs),B,C(barcharts).CCAT1siRNAdecreasescolonyformation,invasion,andmigra