TheEnvironment（Project语言点）.ppt

ProjectWritingareport,Unit2Theenvironment,Languagepoints,1.raiseconcern引起关注raise本意为“举起；使升起；使站立；扶起”。如：Heraisedhisrighthand.他把右手举起来。Heraisedamanfromhisknees他把跪着的男子搀起来,raise在此处意为“引起;造成”。如：Hisabsenceraisedfearsabouthissafety.他的缺席引起人们对他安全的担心。Theuseofanimalsinscientifictestsraisessomedifficultproblems.用动物做科学试验引起了一些棘手的问题。Afunnyremarkraisesalaugh.滑稽的话惹人发笑。,raise,1.Sheraisedthefallenchild.2.Hesuddenlyraisedhisvoice,whichfrightenedme3.Heraisedanimportantquestionatthemeeting.4.Hehadtoworkhardtoraisehischildren.5.Heraisedhisarmsabovehishead.6.Theyaregoingtoraisefundsfortheschoolbuildings.7.Heisgoodatraisingpigsandchickens.,扶起,提高,提出,抚养,举起,筹集,饲养,2.relyonrelyon相当于relyupon，有时可以用dependon替换，意为“依靠，依赖”。如：Youmaynotrelyontheweatherreport.你可以相信天气预报。Heisnotthepersonwhocanbereliedon.他不是一个可以依靠的人。relyon/uponsb.doing或relyon/uponsb.todo意为“指望或相信某人会做”。如：Irelyonhimtopaybackthemoney.Irelyonhispayingbackthemoney.我相信他会还钱的。,拓展：relyon/uponsb/sth相信；信赖relyon/uponsbtodosth相信某人会做某事特别提醒：rely为不及物动词，后须接介词on或upon后接宾语。relyonitthat意为“相信/指望”Youmayrelyonitthathewillcometomeetyou你放心好了，他会来接你的。,relyonitthatit是形式宾语,that引导宾语从句，常用于这种句式的还有：loveit./hateit/dislikeit./dependonit./seetoit./relyonit./appreciateit/countonit+宾语从句。Iwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.如果你能帮我，我将不胜感激。Iwillseetoitthat(makesurethat)everythingisreadyintime.我会保证任何事情都会及时准备就绪。Youcancountonitthatheisverysmart.你就相信吧，他非常聪明。,3.Rapiddevelopmentandanincreaseinpopulationhavemeantthattheamountofwatertakenfromtheriverisrising,andthewastebeingputbackintotheriverhasbeenincreasing.解析：水量正在增长。Theamountofwaterisrising.【取自长江的】水量正在增长。Theamountofwatertakenfromtheriverisrising.过去分词放在名词后面作后置定语。废物也正在不断增加。Thewastehasbeenincreasing.【正被排回长江的】废物也在不断增加。Thewaterbeingputbackintotheriverhasalsobeenincreasing现在分词的被动态放在名词后面作后置定语。都可以改成定语从句。,E.g.他正在读一本鲁迅写的小说。Heisreadinganovelwrittenbyluxun.现在正在被讨论的问题很重要。Theproblembeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.,4.Norisitgoodnewsforthewiderangeoffishandwildlifethatliveinoralongtheriver.对是好消息。Itisgoodnewsfor.当含有否定意义的词或词组放于句首时，句子要进行部分倒装。NorisitgoodnewsforWeshouldnevercheatintheexams.=Nevershouldwecheatintheexams.Sheseldomgoestothepark.=Seldomdoesshegotothepark.,(1).他不仅失去了获得这个工作的机会,而且最好的朋友也离开了他.Notonlydidhelosethechancetogetthejob,butalsohisbestfriendlefthim.(2).直到他返回家乡才知道家里发生的一切.Notuntilhecamebacktohishometowndidheknowwhathadhappenedtohisfamily.(3).我永远都不会忘记你对我的帮助和鼓励.NevershallIforgetthehelpandencouragementthatyouhavegiventome.(4).他一句话都没有说就悄悄地走了.Notasingleworddidhesay,andheleftquietly.,倒装句型,Shecantgetthereatfour,norcanI.她不能在四点钟到那里,我也不能。Ineversawhimagain,nordidIhearfromhim.我再也没有见到他,也没有收到过他的信。Hedoesnotdoit,nordoeshetry.他没有做,也没尝试一下。Hecamefromafarmersfamily,andhewasbroughtupbyhisgrandma;soitwaswithhistwinbrother.他来自于一个农民家庭,是由奶奶养大的;他的孪生兄弟也是一样.-Heseemstobecheerfultoday.-Sohedoes!-他今天似乎很开心.-的确如此!,Nor/Neither,range范围，变化，区域；（变化，差异的）幅度，差距。如：Hehasawiderangeofinterests.他兴趣广泛。thewholerangeofhistory整个历史outsidetherangeofhumanknowledge在人类知识范围之外theannualrangeoftemperature每年的温度变化范围awiderangeofknowledge广博的知识therangeofonesvoice音域,：beyondtherangeof超过的范围withintherangeof在范围之内Itisbeyondtherangeofmyability.这件事超出了我的能力范围。Theworkiswithintherangeofourresponsibilities.这工作不在我们的责任范围之内。,相关短语,5.Thankfully,manypeoplehaverecognizedtheimportanceofprotectingrecognize认出,认清,认识到如：IrecognizedPeteralthoughIhadntseenhimfor10years.虽然我有10年没看到彼得,但我还是认出了他。Idontrecognizethiswordwhatdoesitmean?我不认识这个单词,它是什么意思啊？,6.put.indanger把置于危险之地,Thesepeopleignorehowtheiractionsputothersindanger.这些人完全不顾及自己的行为给别人带来的危险。Dontputyourselfindanger.不要把自己置于危险中。,7.underway:已经开始并进行着。如：这一项目现正顺利进行。Theprojectisnowwellunderway.,underway,under+名词表示“（工作的继续）在进行之中”或“正被中”，有好几个词组。如：Thenewmusichallisunderconstruction.新的音乐大厅正在修建中。Yourproposalisunderconsideration.你的提议正在考虑中。短语在句中常作表语，也可作补足语或定语。例如：Yoursuggestionisstillunderdiscussion.你的建议正在讨论中。Heissaidtobeunderarrestforstealing.据说他由于偷窃被捕了。Thehouseunderrepairisourclassroombuilding.正在修建的房屋是我们的教学楼。,【注】这类短语的名词前不用冠词，类似的还有underarrest(被逮捕)，underattack(受到袭击)，underexamination(在检查或调查中)，underreview(在检查中)，understudy(在研究中)。undercontrol处于控制之下,练习：(1).Thequestionisunder_（讨论）.(2).Theroadisunder_（修理）now.(3).Sheisunder_（治疗）inthehospital.(4).Thewildlifehereisunder_（保护）.(5).Thesideeffectsofthenewdrugareunder_（调查）.(6).Therequesttobuyavideoforeachclassroominunder_（考虑）.(7).Howmuchmoneyweshouldspendonendangeredtigersisunder_(讨论).(8).ImafraidthattheroadtoWolongNatureReserveisunder_(修理).(9).Theprojecttomakeanewhomeforpandasisunder_(发展).答案：1.tection5.research6.consideration7.discussion8.repair9.development,makewayfor为让路，开路givewayto让位于;给.让路innoway决不bytheway顺便提一下，另外inaway在某点，在某种程度上bywayof经由，通过方式intheway挡道的，妨碍人的inthisway用这种方法leadtheway带路，引路loseonesway迷路makeonesway前进，进行ononeswayto在去的路上feelonesway摸索着走(干)，试探,请用其短语的适当形式完成下列句子。Only_canweworkouttheproblem._,wheresthenearestpostoffice?HecametoChina_Japan.Atlast,thecompany_theworkersdemandofasalaryraise.Dontstand_.Hewas_totheairportwhenhiscarbrokedown.Youarecorrect_.Youshould_anambulancewhendriving.Thegirl_inthedarkstreet,andshefoundnoonetoturntoforhelp.Mum,CanIplaycomputergamesforanother2hours._!,inthisway,Bytheway,bywayof,gavewayto,intheway,onhisway,inaway.,makewayfor,lostherway,Noway,8.resultin意为“导致结果”。resultfrom意为“因引起”。asaresult(of)意为“由于，因为”。withoutresult相当于invain，意为“徒劳，毫无结果”。,Itriedtorecallhername_Hisattempttostealmoneyfromthelady_failure.Themandroveatahighspeedinthelimitedarea._,hewasfined.Theterribleroadaccident_hiscarelessness.Hewaslatefortheschool_thetrafficjam.,withoutresult.,resultedin,Asaresult,resultedfrom,asaresultof,9.reserve及物动词（1）.储备,保存;保留(+for)Theseseatsarereservedforspecialguests.这些座位是为特别的来宾保留的。Wewillreservethemoney;wemayneeditlater.我们将把这笔钱存起来,也许以后用得着。Hestillreservedhisopiniononsomepoints.在一些问题上，他仍然保留自己的意见。（2).预约,预订Theyhavereservedroomsatahotel.他们已预订了旅馆房间。Pleasereserveaseatforme.请为我预定一个座位。,reserve名词n.(1).储备(物);储备金;保留(物);储藏量Theoldmankeptalargereserveoffirewoodforcoldweather.这位老人贮存了大量的柴薪以备天冷时用。(2).保留地;保护区;anaturereserve自然保护区,10.in/withregardto关于,至于Wehavereachedanagreementwithhimin/withregardtotheshipment.我们已经就装运问题同他达成协议。Inregardtoteachingmethod,wehavenotyetdiscussedit.关于教学方法，我们还没有讨论。In/Withregardtohissuggestionsweshalldiscussthemfully.关于他的建议,我们将充分地讨论。,11.effort,makegreateffortstodosth.努力,尽力makeanefforttodosth.努力,尽力sparenoeffortstodosth.不遗余力地做putmoreeffortintosth.在方面再努力些,一、词义用法问题(1).欣赏，赞赏Thatsbecauseyoucantappreciatemusic.这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。(2).理解,体会Iappreciatethedifficulty.我理解这种困难。IamafraidyoudontappreciateAmerica.恐怕你不理解美国。(3).感谢，感激Wegreatlyappreciateyourtimelyhelp.我们非常感谢你们的及时帮助。,12.appreciate,二、后续宾语问题其后可接名(代)词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语，但不能接不定式。如：Weshallappreciatehearingfromyouagain.能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。Iappreciatethatyouhavecomeheresoearly.感谢你来得这么早。,注意：其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语(注意：这与thank的用法恰恰相反)。如：谢谢你的好意。Iappreciateyourkindness.Iappreciateyouforyourkindness.他感谢她的好意。Hethankedherforherkindness.Hethankedherkindness.,正,误,正,误,三、后接if或when从句的问题其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it。Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyouwouldhelpmewithit.如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。Wereallyappreciateitwhensheofferedtohelp.她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。,13.letoff放（炮、烟火等）,免罚,宽恕Thejanitorletoffsomesteambecausethepressurewastoohigh.由于压力过高，火炉工放掉了一些蒸气。Theboyswerelettingofffireworks.男孩子在放烟火。Illletyouoffthistime,butneveragain.这次我宽恕你,但以后不再宽恕了。,14.absorb及物动词吸收(液体,气体