试讲-英语定语从句详解PPT幻灯片课件.ppt

定语从句,TheAttributiveclause,定语从句,定语,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。,定语用来对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用的表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。,前置定语,后置定语,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。,短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。,定语从句,定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。,关系词/引导词,先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,先行词=关系词/引导词,Thisisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme.,which代替bike,定语从句,引导词,关系代词,关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why,引导词的作用,1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词在从句中的位置3、在定语从句中担当一个成分,关系代词的基本用法,关系代词引导的定语从句,1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.,关系代词引导的定语从句,3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语),关系代词引导的定语从句,5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?,that和which的区别1,1、下面情况不用that:介词后面：Thisisthebookaboutwhichwearetalkingnow非限制性定语从句中：Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,whichhisparentsexpect.当先行词本身是that时：Whatsthatwhichisflyinginthesky?先行词后有插入语时：HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIvetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.,that和which的区别2,2、下面情况只用that不用which和whom:先行词为much,little,none,someone,something,anything,all,theone等不定代词。Iwatchedalltheglassesthatwereonthetablefalloffthetable.先行词有序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰。Theparksaretheclearestparksthatyoucanimagine先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just等词修饰。CornwasnottheonlyfoodthatwastakentoEurope先行词既有人，也有物。Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.,that和which的区别2,以who/which开头的疑问句。Whoisthepersonthatyoujusttalkedwith?先行词在主句中作表语关系词，在从句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitwas5yearsago.在therebe句型中，指物只用that。Therearemanyapplesthatareverydelicious.先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略。Thereasonisthatheisunabletooperatethemachine.,as和which引导的定语从句,as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.,as和which引导的定语从句,2.as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdontbelieve.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.,as和which引导的定语从句,3.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用as(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导介词的选用原则：根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars.(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)不可用who/that(2)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)不可用inthat3.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。(1)Dadisaperson(whom/who/that)Icaneasilytalkto.(2)Isthistheplay(which/that)youweretalkingaboutjustnow?,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,4.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)5.先行词是theway，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略。(1)Ididntliketheway(that/inwhich)shetalkedtome(2)Theway(that/inwhich)heteachesEnglishisinteresting.6.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词。(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.,关系副词的基本用法,关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/.which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配),关系副词的基本用法,1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2.when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.注表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.,关系副词的基本用法,关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.(2)当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused?,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,“关系副词”和“介词+关系代词”的互换1、ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.2、Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedayw