2011届中考英语介词语法复习

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/302011届中考英语介词语法复习介词一知识概要介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考，千万不要作为定律去背诵，照搬。介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他ABOUT大约在时间ABOUTFIVEOCLOCK在周围，大约多远ABOUTFIVEKILOMETRES关于、涉及TALKABOUTYOUABOVE高出某一平面ABOVESEALEVELACROSS横过WALKACROSSTHESTREET对面ACROSSTHESTREETAFTER在之后AFTERSUPPER跟后面ONEAFTERANOTHER追赶精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/30RUNAFTERYOUAGAINST背靠逆风AGAINSTTHEWALL,AGAINSTTHEWIND反对BEAGAINSTYOUAMONG三者以上的中间AMONGTHETREESAT在某时刻ATTEN在小地点ATTHESCHOOLGATE表示速度ATHIGHSPEED向着，对着ATMEBEFORE在之前BEFORELUNCH位于之前精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/30SITBEFOREMEBEHIND位于之后BEHINDTHETREEBELOW低于水平BELOWZERO不合格BELOWTHESTANDARDBY到时刻，在时刻之前BYFIVEOCLOCK紧挨着SITEBYSITE乘坐交通工具BYAIR,BYBICK被由WASMADEBYUSDURING在期间DURINGTHEHOLIDAYSFOR延续多长时间FORFIVEYEARS向去LEAVEFORSHANGHAI为了，对于精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/30BEGOODFORYOUFROM从某时到某时FROMMORNINGTILLNIGHT来自何方FROMNEWYORK由某原料制成BEMADEFROM来自何处WHEREAREYOUFROMIN在年、月、周较长时间内INAWEEK在里面INTHEROOM用某种语言INENGLISH穿着INREDINTO进入里面WALKINTO除分DIVIDEINTO变动TURNINTOWATER精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/30NEAR接近某时NEARFIVEYEARS在附近NEARTHEPARKOF用某种原料制成BEMADEOF属于性质AMAPOFUSAON某日、某日的上下午ONSUNDAYAFTERNOON在上面ONTHEDESK靠吃为生LIVEONRICE关于ABOOKONPHYSICSOVER渡过一整段时间WORKOVERNIGHT在上方OVERTHEDESK超过，高于OVERFIVEPAIRSPAST超过某一时刻TENPASTFIVE经过某地WALKPASTTHEPARKSINCE从某时以来SINCE1980原因SINCEYOUWEREILL精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/30THROUGH经过某一时期THROUGHHISLIFE通过、穿过某地THROUGHTHEFORESTTILLUNTIL直到某时为止TILLFIVEOCLOCKTO差多少时间FIVETOTEN问，到，去往TOSHANGHAI面对面FACETOFACE给予GIVEABOOKTOMEUNDER在下面UNDERTHEDESK少于UNDERTEN在管制之下UNDERTHERULEWITH用某种工具WITHAPEN带着，具有WITHMEWITHOUT没有WITHOUTAIR精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/30二正误辨析误WEGOTTOTHETOPOFTHEMOUNTAININDAYBREAK正WEGOTTOTHETOPOFTHEMOUNTAINATDAYBREAK析AT用于具体时刻之前，如SUNRISE,MIDDAY,NOON,SUNSET,MIDNIGHT,NIGHT。误DONTSLEEPATDAYTIME正DONTSLEEPINDAYTIME析IN要用于较长的一段时间之内，如INTHEMORNING/AFTERNOON,或INTHEWEEK/MONTH/YEAR或INSPRING/SUPPER/AUTUMN/WINTER等等。误WEVISITEDTHEOLDMANINSUNDAYAFTERNOON正WEVISITEDTHEOLDMANONSUNDAYAFTERNOON析INTHEMORNING,INTHEAFTERNOON如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为ON,如ONACOLDMORNING,ONTHEMORNINGOFJULY14TH误HEBECAMEAWRITTERATHISTWENTIES正HEBECAMEAWRITTERINHISTWENTIES析这句话应译为他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词IN来表示，而在具体岁数时用AT来表示。误HEWENTTONEWYORKTOFINDAJOBINSIXTEENYEARSOLD正HEWENTTONEWYORKTOFINDAJOBATSIXTEEN精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/30析在具体年岁前用AT,如ATTHEAGEOF12，ATYOURAGE，等等。误WEWENTTOSWIMINTHERIVERINAVERYHOTDAY正WEWENTTOSWIMINTHERIVERONAVERYHOTDAY析具体某一天要用介词ON,又如ONNEWYEARSDAY误IMLOOKINGFORWARDTOSEEINGYOUONCHRISTMAS正IMLOOKINGFORWARDTOSEEINGYOUATCHRISTMAS析在节日的当天用ON，而全部节日期间用AT,CHRISTMAS是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。误IHAVENTSEEYOUDURINGTHESUMMERHOLIDAYS正IHAVENTSEENYOUSINCETHEBEGINNINGOFTHESUMMERHOLIDAYS析DURING表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如IVISITEDALOTOFMUSEUMSDURINGTHEHOLIDAY而FOR表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如IHAVENTSEEYOUFORALONGTIME而THROUGH用来表示时间时则为“整整，全部的时间“。如ITRAINEDTHROUGHTHENIGHT而SINCE则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。误ATENTERINGTHECLASSROOM,IHEARDTHEGOODNEWS正ONENTERINGTHECLASSROOM,IHEARDTHEGOODNEWS精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创9/30析ON加动名词表示“一就“。本句的译文应是我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如ONHEARING一听见，ONARRIVAL一到达就ON表示动作的名词误INTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEBOOK,THEREARESOMEINTERESTINGSTORIES正ATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEBOOK,THEREARESOMEINTERESTINGSTORIES析ATTHEBEGINING与ATTHEEND都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而INTHEBEGINNING则是指开始一段时间。INTHEENDATLAST是指“最终，终于“之意。误TILLTHEENDOFNEXTWEEKIWILLHAVEFINISHEDTHISWORK正BYTHEENDOFNEXTWEEKIWILLHAVEFINISHEDTHISWORK析BY引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为“不迟于某一时刻将工作做完“，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如ILLBETHEREBYFIVEOCLOCK而TILL则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创10/30式，如IWONTFINISHTHISWORKTILLUNTILNEXTWEEKEND误HECAMETOLONDONBEFORELASTWEEKEND正HEHADCOMETOLONDONBEFORELASTWEEKEND正HECAMETOLONDONTWOWEEKSAGO析BEFORE一般要与完成时连用，而AGO则与一般过去时连用。误IHAVESTUDIEDENGLISHFORTHREEYEARSGINCEIHADCOMEHERE正IHAVESTUDIEDENGLISHFORTHREEYEARSSINCEICAMEHERE析SINCE用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态误ICANHELPYOUREPAIRTHISBIKEYOUWILLGETITAFTERTWOHOURS正ICANHELPYOUREPAIRTHISBIKEYOUWILLGETITINTWOHOURS析中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用IN而不要用AFTER。其原因有二，AFTER多用于过去时，如精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创11/30IARRIVEDINNEWYORKAFTERTHREEDAYS,IFOUNDAJOBINTHEBANKAFTER加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如AFTERTHREEDAYS,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词IN。误THREEDAYSAFTERHEDIED正AFTERTHREEDAYSHEDIED正THREEDAYSLATERHEDIED析AFTER与LATER都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，AFTER在时间词前，而LATER在时间词后。误SHEHIDHERSELFAFTERTHETREE正SHEHIDHERSELFBEHINDTHETREE析AFTER多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如IRUNAFTERHIMAFTERFINISHINGMYHOMEWORK,IWENTTOSEEAFILM而BEHIND则多用于静态事物之后。误THEREISABEAUTIFULBIRDONTHETREE正THEREISABEAUTIFULBIRDINTHETREE析树上长出的果实，树叶要用ON,而其他外来的人、物体均要用INTHETREE误SHANGHAIISONTHEEASTOFCHINA正SHANGHAIISINTHEEASTOFCHINA精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创12/30析在表达地理位置时有3个介词IN,ON,TO。IN表示在某范围之内ON表示与某地区接壤；TO则表示不相接。如JAPANISTOTHEEASTOFCHINA误IARRIVEDATNEWYORKONJULY2ND正IARRIVEDINNEWYORKONJULY2ND析AT用来表达较小的地方，而IN用来表达较大的地方。AT常用于ATTHESCHOOLGATE,ATHOME,ATABUSSTOP,ATTHESTATION,ATTHECINEMA,ATASMALLVILLAGE。误HELIVEDINNO3BEIJINGROAD正HELIVEDATNO3BEIJINGROAD析在门牌号码前要用AT,并要注意它的惯用法ATTHEENDOFTHESTREET,ATTHEFOOTOFTHEMOUNTAIN,ATTHETOPOFTHEPAGE。误THEREISACOLOURTVSETATTHECORNEROFTHEHALL正THEREISACOLOURTVSETINTHECORNEROFTHEHALL析在屋内的角落应用IN，而墙的外角用AT，如THEREISATREEATTHECORNEROFTHESTREET误THISWEEKENDILLSTAYINUNCLEWANGS正THISWEEKENDILLSTAYATUNCLEWANGS析要注意英文的特殊表达法，如ATATAILORSSHOP裁缝店精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创13/30ATATAILORS,ATTHEDOCTORS去看病ATTHEBOOKSELLERS在书店ATUNCLEWANGS在王叔叔家误DOYOUKNOWTHEREISSOMEGOODNEWSONTODAYSNEWSPAPER正DOYOUKNOWTHEREISSOMEGOODNEWSINTODAYSNEWSPAPER析在报纸上的新闻要用IN,而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用ON。误THESCHOOLWILLBEGINONSEPTEMBER1ST正SCHOOLWILLBEGINONSEPTEMBER1ST析这里的SCHOOL应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如ATTABLE吃饭，WHENICAMETOTOMSHOME,THEYWEREATTABLE还有ATDESK学习，ATWORK工作ATSCHOOL上学，INHOSPITAL住医院ATCHURCH作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如ATTHESCHOOL即在学校工作或办事，INTHEHOSPITAL即在医院工作或去看望病人。误INMYWAYTOTHESTATION,IBOUGHTANEWSPAPERTOKILLTIME正ONMYWAYTOTHESTATION,IBOUGHTANEWSPAPERTOKILLTIME精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创14/30析译文为在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光“在的路上“应用ONONESWAY。而INTHEWAY有挡道之意，如PLEASEMOVETHECHAIRITISINTHEWAY。误LOOK,THEDOORISOPEN,MAYBESOMEONEBROKEINTO正LOOK,THEDOORISOPEN,MAYBESOMEONEBROKEIN正LOOK,THEDOORISOPEN,MAYBESOMEONEBROKEINTOTHEOFFICE析IN是表达一个静止状态，在与BREAK连用时其后不加介词宾语，而INTO则是动态介词，与BREAK连用时要加介词宾语。误ILLLEAVEBEIJINGTOSHANGHAITOMORROW正ILLLEAVEBEIJINGFORSHANGHAI正ILLLEAVEFORSHANGHAI析LEAVEFOR是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将FOR改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有STARTFOR动身前往某处，SETOUTFOR，SAILFOR。误IMSORRYIHAVETOGETOUTTHEBUSATNEXTSTOP正IMSORRYIHAVETOGETOUTOFTHEBUSATNEXTSTOP析GETIN,与GETOUT是两个相反的词组。GETIN为上车，而GETOUT为下车，但语法家认为这里的IN与OUT为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲WEDBETTERGETIN或精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创15/30WEDBETTERGETOUT还有一组词组有关上下车GETONOFFATRAIN,ASHIP,ASTRUCKGETINTOOUTOFACAR,TAXI误BECAREFULTHETEMPERATUREOFTHEWATERISNINETYDEGREESOVERZERO正BECAREFULTHETEMPERATUREOFTHEWATERISNINETYDEGREESABOVEZERO析OVER与ABOVE在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用ABOVE而泛指上方时用OVER误THEREISANOLDSTONEBRIDGEABOVETHERIVER正THEREISANOLDSTONEBRIDGEOVERTHERIVER析OVER还有一意为“跨越，横跨“。误THEDEADSEAISUNDERTHESEALEVEL正THEDEADSEAISBELOWTHESEALEVEL析在垂直下方要用BELOW也就是讲ABOVE与BELOW互为反意词，OVER与UNDER也是反意词。误THEREISABIGTREEINTHEFRONTOFTHEHOUSE正THEREISABIGTREEINFRONTOFTHEHOUSE析INFRONTOF是在物体外部的前面，而INTHEFRONTOF精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创16/30是在物体内部的前面，如THEDRIVERSITSINTHEFRONTOFTHEBUS误ITTOOKTHEMTWODAYSTOWALKACROSSTHEFOREST正ITTOOKTHEMTWODAYSTOWALKTHROUGHTHEFOREST析ACROSS作为介词有两个主要意思横过，如IWANTTOWALKACROSSTHESTREET对面，如THEREISAPOSTOFFICEACROSSTHESTREET,而THROUGH多用于三维空间中的穿越。ACROSS则多用于平面上的横过。如THELITTLEGIRLRANACROSSTHEROOMTOMEETHERMOTHER误THESUNSETSTOWARDTHEWEST正THESUNSETSINTHEWEST析TOWARDS也可用作TOWARD，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如HERANTOWARDSTHEMOUNTAIN而在表示方位EAST,WEST,NORTH,SOUTH时，其前面要用IN。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词，如IWENTSOUTH也可用作名词，如IWENTTOTHESOUTH也可用作形容词，如IWENTTOTHESOUTHPARTOFCHINA误DOYOUHAVENOOTHERCLOTHESEXCEPTTHOSE正DOYOUHAVENOOTHERCLOTHESBESIDESTHOSE析BESIDE是“在旁边“，如THESTUDENTSSTOODBESIDETHEIRTEACHERS而BESIDES是“除之外，不仅而且，除了以外还精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创17/30有“，如ISTUDIEDENGLISHBESIDESFRENCH,WHENIWASINCOLLEGE而EXCEPT则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如ICOMEHEREEVERYDAYEXCEPTSUNDAY而EXCEPTFOR是指去掉不同种类的事物，如THEROOMISCLEANEXCEPTFORTWOCHAIRS而EXCEPTTHAT则要加从句。误CANIWRITETHEEXAMPAPERWITHINK正CANIWRITETHEEXAMPAPERWITHAPEN正CANIWRITETHEEXAMPAPERININK析WITH后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用IN。误IMEARLIERTODAYICAMEHEREBYHISCAR正IMEARLIERTODAYICAMEHEREINHISCAR析在交通工具前加介词BY，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。BYTAXIINATAXIBYTRAININATRAINBYBICYCLEONABICYCLEBYSHIPONASHIPBYBOATINABOATBYBUSONABUS精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创18/30BYPLANEONAPLANEBYAIR空运BYLAND陆运BYSEA海运ONFOOTONHORSEBACKBYPHONEBYLETTERBYRADIOBYAIRMAILBYHAND误ALOTOFFRENCHWINESAREMADEOFGRAPE正ALOTOFFRENCHWINESAREMADEFROMGRAPE析MADEOF是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用FROM,如THEDESKWASMADEOFHARDWOOD误THISISAGOODDICTIONARYINENGLISHGRAMMAR正THISISAGOODDICTIONARYONENGLISHGRAMMAR析关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中ON表示某专业用书，ABOUT则为某方面的普通读物，如THISISABOOKABOUTPHYSICS即物理科普知识。误DOYOUHAVETHEKEYOFTHEDOOR正DOYOUHAVETHEKEYTOTHEDOOR析KEYTOTHEDOOR门的钥匙。相同用法还有ANSWERTOTHEQUESTION,ENTRANCETOTHEHIGHWAY,DANGERTOHEALTH千万不要用OF。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创19/30误TODAYALOTOFCHINESEPEOPLEHAVEINTERESTOFCOLLECTINGSTAMPS正TODAYALOTOFCHINESEPEOPLEHAVEINTERESTINCOLLECTINGSTAMPS析HAVEINTERESTIN是在某方面有兴趣。误IDIDNTDOMYHOMEWORK,SOTHETEACHERWASANGRYTOME正IDIDNTDOMYHOMEWORK,SOTHETEACHERWASANGRYWITHME析BEANGRYWITH其后接人，而BEANGRYAT其后接事。如HEWASANGRYATWHATSHESAID误HEWASGOODFORSKATING正HEWASGOODATSKATING析BEGOODAT为“擅长某事“，而BEGOODFORSOMEBODY为对某人很好。误ITWASGOODTOYOUTOHELPMYLITTLEBOY正ITWASGOODOFYOUTOHELPMYLITTLEBOY析这句话应译为你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而BEGOODTOSOMEBODY是对某人态度好。如HERMOTHERISGOODTOEVERYONE精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创20/30误MYPARENTSWEREVERYPLEASEDATME正MYPARENTSWEREVERYPLEASEDWITHME正MYPARENTSWEREVERYPLEASEDATMYSTUDYING析BEPLEASEDWITH后加SOMEBODY,而BEPLEASEDAT后加SOMETHING。误HEISAGREEWITHME正HEAGREESWITHME误HEAGAINSTSME正HEISAGAINSTME析同意AGREE为动词，而反对AGAINST则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。误IHAVENTHEARDLETTERSFROMHIM正IHAVENTHEARDFROMHIM析HEARFROM即为从某人处得到信件。不要再加LETTER了。误TEACHERMAYICALLATYOUTHISWEEKEND正TEACHERMAYICALLONYOUTHISWEEKEND析作为“拜访“讲CALLAT其后接地点，如MAYICALLATYOURHOMETHISWEEKEND而CALLON其后接人。误DOYOUKNOWTHEGIRLONWHITE正DOYOUKNOWTHEGIRLINWHITE析INWHITE为穿一身白。与IN有关的词组有精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创21/30INBED睡觉，INHOSPITAL住院，INAHURRY匆匆忙忙，INDANGER危险中,INJOY高兴，INGOODHEALTH身体好，INLOVE恋爱，INTRO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