session 1雅思听力概况、听力特殊语音现象及基础考点(一)总结与训练

Session 1（第 1-3 小时，含 20 分钟课间休息）教学内容：雅思听力介绍、听力特殊语音现象及相似词、相似音的总结与训练教学目标：（1）学生熟悉雅思听力考什么、怎么考、评分标准。（2）对听力特殊语言现象（吞音、连读、浊化、变音等）有一定的辨别能力，提高听音语感。（3）提高学生对相似词、相似音的辨别能力。STEP 1 （2 分钟）老师自我介绍STEP 2（40 分钟）考试模式、考试流程、听力部分常考场景及题型介绍，听力部分常犯的错误；STEP 3 （10分钟） 雅思听力中的口音问题；STEP 4 （60分钟）雅思听力中连读、失音、吞音、变音等现象；STEP 5 （60分钟 ）STEP 6（20 分钟）雅思听力自我测试；STEP 7（8 分钟）本次课程内容总结及布置作业；Step1 Self-introductionStep 2 About IELTS（1） 考试结构（2） 考试内容：生存英语，学术英语， 科普文章或热点问题；（3） 考试基本题型：Form filling or Gap filling, Multiple choice, Short-answer questions, True/ False, Sentence completion, summary or Note completion（4） 评分标准（5）剑桥4-13题型数据分析生活场景出现位置出题形式学校社会场景出现位置出题形式租房、维修、保险C4T3S1, C5T4S1, C6T4S1, C7T4S1,C8T3S1, C9T2S1, C11T1S1,C8T2S1 (维修保险） 笔记，单选，多选，单句填空，Table, 简答题论文课题C4T1S3, C4T2S3, C6T2S3, C6T3S3, C7T4S3, C8T4S3, C9T1S3, C9T3S3, C10T1S3, C10T2S3, C10T3S3, C11T2S3, C11T3S3, C11T4S3, C12T5S3, C12T7S3,C12T8S3, C13T1S3, C13T2S3, C13T3S3, C13T4S3 笔记，单选，多选，单句填空，Table, 简答题,Matching,流程图 调查问询C5T3S1, C7T1S1, C7T2S1,C9T4S1, C9T4S2, C10T1S1, C10T2S1, C10T3S1, C10T4S1, C11T2S1, C11T3S1, C12T6S1, C13T1S1, C13T2S1, C13T3S1, C13T4S1, 笔记，单选，多选，单句填空，Table, 简答题研究报告C7T2S4, C7T3S4, C7T4S4, C8T1S4, C8T2S3, C8T2S4, C8T3S4,C9T1S4, C9T3S4,C9T4S4, C10T1S2, C10T2S4, C10T3S4, C10T4S4, C11T1S4, C11T2S4, C11T3S4,C11T4S4, C12T5S4, C12T6S4, C12T7S2, C12T8S4, C13T1S4, C13T2S4, C13T3S2, 笔记，单选，Table, 旅行C4T1S1, C4T1S2, C4T2S1, C4T4S2, C5T1S1,C6T2S2, C6T3S2, C7T1S2, C7T2S2, C7T4S2, C8T1S2, C8T2S2, C9T2S2, C9T3S1, C9T3S2, C10T4S2, C11T1S2, C11T4S2, C12T5S1, C12T6S2, C12T8S2, C13T4S2, 单选，地图， Matching, 大学教育C4T2S2, C4T3S4, C4T4S3, C5T2S3, C9T4S3, C11T1S3, Table,笔记， 单选，单选，项目介绍C5T2S2, C6T2S1, C7T2S3, C7T3S2, C7T3S3, C8T3S2, C10T2S2, C10T3S2, C11T2S2, C12T5S2, C13T1S2, C13T2S2, 笔记，table， 单选，多选， 简答题选课C4T3S3, C5T1S3, C5T3S3, C6T1S3, C8T3S3, C12T6S3, 笔记，table,单选，流程图， 休闲娱乐C4T3S2, C6T2S1, C6T1S2, C8T1S1, C11T4S1单选， table， 动物C4T4S4, C6T4S4, C10T1S4,C13T3S4, 笔记，单选，多选， 公司问题C5T4S3, C7T1S3, C10T4S3,C9T2S4, 笔记，单选，Matching, 单句填空，文化史C6T1S4, C6T2S4,C6T3S4,C13T4S4, 笔记，单选，单句填空，table, 多选，工作面试C7T3S1, C8T4S1, C9T1S1,C12T8S1, 笔记，table图书馆C5T2S1, C5T4S4, C9T2S3, C12T7S1, 笔记，单选，Matching, 活动组织C4T4S1, C5T4S2,C6T4S2, C8T1S3, 笔记， table， Matching 环境污染C5T2S4,C5T3S4, C12T7S4笔记，单句，table, 新闻报道C8T4S2,C11T3S2, C9T1S2 单选，地图， 笔记， 多选，社会问题C4T1S4, C4T2S4, C5T1S4, 单句填空， 摘要填空，笔记，单选多选，购物C5T1S2Table, 单句填空考古C7T1S4, C8T4S4, 笔记，单句填空，Matching银行账户C6T3S1,笔记新生注册C5T3S2,C6T4S3, 笔记，单选，多选，摘要填空，简答(6) 雅思听力必备基础知识称呼Titles normally used for people are:Miss - for single woman;Mrs. - for a married woman;Ms - for either a single woman or a married woman;Mr. - for a man;Dr. - for a doctor.基数 (cardinal number)上千了要用逗号隔开。123123，123123，123，123注意，1200， 1300 也可以读作twelve hundred, thirteen hundred小试牛刀：345,4564,56734,787,7894,568,988,123678,123,345,345英国货币 （British money）Pound and penny (Pl. pence). 1 pound=100 penny50p fifty pence67p sixty seven pence10.50 ten pounds fifty pence Ten pounds fifty Ten fifty21.99 twenty-one pounds ninety-nine pence Twenty-one pounds ninety-nine Twenty-one ninety-nine时间的表达15minutes/ a quarter30 minutes/ half an hour60 minutes/ an hour一般来讲，英国把顺时针12点到6点读作past；2:10 ten past two8:20 twenty past eight把顺时针6点到12点读作to;2:55 five to three9:45 a quarter to ten有时候时间也按照写的形式和顺序来读，例如：14:40 fourteen forty22:15 twenty-two fifteen17:30 seventeen thirty(7) 为什么听懂了，却还是没有做对题目：1、 单词拼写政府分开委员会星期三有必要的住宿调查问卷澳大利亚交流恶化 Vs 集合烟草大学同事体育场延伸下面是拼写容易错的单词合集：（来源于21天突破雅思听力）含有-or的单词：projector, supervisor, tutor, director, advisro, minor, senior, mirror, radiator, equator,含有-ur的单词: survey, curtain, purple, 以a结尾的单词: camera, drama, cinema;以-ence结尾的单词：evidence, confidence, independence以-ance结尾的单词：attendance, instance, balance, insurance以-ible结尾的单词:flexible, tangible,以-ant结尾的单词：accountant, consultant,以-ium结尾的单词: auditorium, stadium, aquarium以-son结尾的单词：comparison, poison, prison, 以-sion结尾的单词：expansion, extension, emission以-ssion结尾的单词:commission, permission, emission词性变化后去掉e的单词：noisy, argument,truly, judgement, 不能遗漏n的单词：government, mountain, environment,双写mm的单词: committee, accommodation双写nn的单词：questionnaire, annual, personnel, tunnel双写ss的单词：assignment, essay, assessment, asset, 含有-us的单词：campus, bonus, virus, status含有-all的单词：gallery, allergy, challenge含有一个l的单词：fulfill, welfare, 含有不发育字母的单词：exhibition, Wednesday, castle, receipt, Christmas, campaign, island, isle, iron, subtle2、 大小写问题雅思听力考试中人名、职称、星期月份、学科、地点、国家和洲、街道、邮编、国籍都要大写相应字母，一般是首字母，邮编是全部字母。3、 字数要求例如： Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER.Doctors start seeing patients at the Health Center from oclock.如果空上填的单词超过2个，则不能得分。四、单复数如果正确答案是复数形式，如students，而你给的是student，则不得分。雅思听力考试中名词答案多半是复数。STEP 3雅思听力口音。外教口音音变印度小哥说 “I work for Desgo. ” 你知道他在说什么吗？总结一下常见的印度英语：Wa dim就是在问你what time；I d lig do change de gala就是在说Id like to change the color；I am dirty，并不是说他们自己脏了，而是想告诉你他们今年30岁I am thirty。当印度人嘲笑日本人的英语发音时：“Jabonese agcent is vely, vely hard to undershdand.”日本人则表示：Indeian ekusento ishi belly belly haudo tsu andasudando！比如英国，虽然面积不大，但充斥着56种被官方承认的口音。除了留学生能听懂的英国普通话（Received Pronunciation），还有你听不懂的利物浦口音、威尔士口音、爱尔兰口音和常被吐槽的苏格兰口音等等等澳洲英语发音独具特色，比如会把a 发成ai，o 发成au，而且句尾音调还会上扬。当你听到澳洲人对你说Goo-deye-might！，嗯，他们其实是在说Good day mate!美国人：“Are you coming here to die?”澳洲人：“No, I came here yesterday.”除了发音奇怪，澳洲人还特别懒，懒得能少发几个音就少发，于是“澳洲”这个词儿，人家不念Australia，而是说Straya；“下午”不说afternoon，而是arvo“太阳眼镜”不说sunglasses，而说sunnies；“巧克力饼干”chocolate biscuits变成了choccy bisccy；就连“嫉妒”jealous都要缩成jelly啊STEP 4 雅思听力中的各种变音现象连 读 练 习(1)“辅音+元音”型连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。ImanEnglish boy.Itisanold book.Let me havea lookatit.Ms Black worked inanoffice lastyesterday.I calledyou halfanhourago.Putiton, please.Notatall.Please pickitup.(2)“r/re+元音”型连读如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。Theyre my fatherand mother.I looked forit hereand there.Thereis a football underit.Thereare some books on the desk.Hereis a letter for you. Hereare foureggs.But whereis my cup?Whereare your brotherand sister? 但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer与and不可连读）(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。ThankyouNice to meetyou.Didyou get there lateagain?Wouldyou likea cupof tea？Couldyou help me, please?“音的同化”常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/，did you听上成了/dIdVu/，would you成了/wudVu/，could you成了/kudVu/。 a. 【t】+【j】Wont you go tomorrow?Dont you like it?Cant you see the picture?Couldnt you finish it by eight?I wont let you down.See you next year.b. 【d】+【j】What did you say?You made your bed by yourself, didnt you?Who would you like to speak to?How did they find you?c. 【s】+【j】 Miss you.(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。Iam Chinese. Heis very friendly to me.She wants to studyEnglish.Howand why did you come here?She cant carryit.Itll take you threehours to walk thereThe question is tooeasy for him to answer. (5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。Isit ahat or a cat?（hat与or之间不可以连读）Thereisa good book in my desk. （book与in之间不可以连读）Can you speakEnglish or French? （English与or之间不可以连读） Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning? （meet与 at，eight与or之间不可以连读）She opened the door and walkedin. （door与and之间不可以连读）（6）个爆破音有/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。单词或短语中也会出现这种“失音现象”如， bookshop, childcare, leg space, laptop, lab facilities, footprint, footbridge(人行天桥), bottled water, colored paper, fieldwork, 不完全爆破很容易成为听力中的“盲点”。The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.Were going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?Its a very col(d) day, but its a goo(d) day.You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. (2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/h/，/r/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。 Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.Uncle Lis fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema. I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don(t) know.The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult.Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao（7） 省音现象有些考生听不出来car和card两个单词的发音，因为单词词尾的d常常被省略了。类似的 省音现象还有句末的/t/ 和/.例如：I dont want tot talk about it.It is really sophisticated/ complicated.The index has risen by an eighth.(8)弱读现象一般来说，非重读元音/i/会弱读成，如tennis /tens/读成/tens/，temperature /temprit(r)/读作 /temprt(r)/。此外of 可以弱读成/v/，and可以弱读成/n/e.g. Its made of cheese and eggs.Rock and roll rock n rollGreen and gold green n gold.（8） 识别同音词和近音词英语中有很多单词的读音是相近的，容易混淆视听。例如：brake/ break, site/ sight, signs/ science, tower/ tool/ tour/ towel等；举例：sight and sound Vs. Site and sound Riverside Vs. Riversite（9） 音变现象单词或单词内部的“t”读快了之后会变成“n”的音，试试：International- innernationalInterview- innerviewAntelope- annelopeWant to - wannaGoing to - gonna以下是中国学生最容易发作的一些读音，你试着读读看。AchieveClothesContract/ contactFoyerIndustryInterestingMatureMonthsOriginOvenPhotographyProductProjectSaid/ saysServiceTowelIslandAisleAdvantageousCastleHustle and bustlePriorityKindergartenAtmosphereCassetteFasten最容易混淆的音Basic/ bicycle/ Brick/ brake/ breakF/S; J/G; I/ L/ R; W/ double UFourth/ firstHouse/ horseKettle/ cattleSpot/ sport最常见的同音词和近音词同音词Allowed/ aloudBand/bannedBear/bareBe/beeBilled/ buildBlew/ blueBoard/ boredBrake/breakBy/ bye/ buyCell/sellCent/scent/sentCereal/ serialChews/chooseCrews/ cruiseDie/ dyeFare/ fairFeat/feetFind/ finedFlew/ fluFlower/ flourFor/ four/ foreForth/ fourthGym/ JimHigher/ hireHole/ wholeIdle/ idolJeans/ genesLessen/ lessonMaid/ madeMeet/meatMiner/ minorPeace/ piecePlain/ planePrinciple/ principalRole/ rollSail/ saleScene/ seenSea/ seeSight/ site/ citeSole/ soulSome/ sumStationary/ stationerySteal/ steelThrew/ throughTide/ tiedTyre/tireWait/ weightWaive/ waveWear/ where/ wareWeather/ whetherWeak/ weekWood/ wouldAte/ eight近音词Back/ bankBook/ boot Clothes/ closeFormer/ formalIceland/ Ireland/ islandLesson/ licenseMary/ merry/ marryPatience/ patientsShelf/ selfShell/ sellSlip/ sleepVary/ veryPractice: Try to read the following sentences.1. Hey look! Its my good friend Ross.2. Ive been practicing my magic tricks.3. Oh, Aunt Liddys coming? That means we get five dollars each4. Look at her, my first grandchild.5. The puppet master gets tired6. That is easy.7. there