人教版(新目标)初中八上Unit-3-What-are-you-doing-for-vacation知识整理

人教版（新目标）初中八上Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?知识整理重要词汇解析1.babysit v.临时照顾（婴幼儿）【经典例句】 He is babysitting his little daughter.他正在照顾他的小妹妹。【考点聚焦】 1)同根词：baby sitter（婴幼儿）保姆2)过去式：babysat。其现在分词要双写末尾字母。2.plan n.& v.计划;规划;方案【经典例句】 My teacher asked us to make a plan for study.老师要求我们制订一份学习计划。【考点聚焦】 1)make a plan for制订计划2)短语：plan to do sth.计划做某事。如：He plans to have a very relaxing vacation.他计划过一个轻松的假期。3.away adv. 向远处;离开;向另一方面【经典例句】 He will be away for two months.他将外出两个月。【考点聚焦】 away,far的区别：1)away是副词，一般用于肯定句中，其后可以不接from。far away from用来指“距离远”，具体说明多远时，应该用数字代替far。2)far既可以用作形容词，也可以用作副词，当它作状语表示距离时用在否定句或疑问句中，其后可跟介词from。4.send v.送;寄;派;遣【经典例句】 He is terribly ill,we must send him to the hospital.他病得很厉害,我们必须马上送他去医院。【考点聚焦】 1)send后面加双宾语。send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.2)短语：send for派人去请;send away开除,撵走;send up发射5.famous adj.出名的;著名的【经典例句】 Paris is a famous city.巴黎是一个很出名的城市。【考点聚焦】 1)近义词：wellknown2)短语：be famous for.为而著名,如：Hainan Island is famous for its beautiful scenery.海南岛以它美丽的景色而著名。6.leave v.离去;出发【经典例句】 Please close the windows before you leave the classroom.离开教室前请关好窗户。【考点聚焦】 1)过去式：left2)短语：leave for.离开前往 如：He is leaving for Shanghai.他正要动身去上海。Travelling is one way of lengthening life.旅行是延年益寿的一种办法。7.forget v.忘记;忘却【经典例句】 Dont forget to call me when you get back.当你回来的时候不要忘了给我打电话。【考点聚焦】 forget to do sth.忘记做某事;forget doing sth.忘记做了某事Dont forget to close the windows when you leave the classroom.当你离开教室的时候不要忘记关窗户。（没有关窗户）I forgot telling about it.我忘记告诉过你这件事了。（已经告诉了）8.finish v.结束;完毕;完成【经典例句】 We must finish our homework first.我们必须首先完成家庭作业。【考点聚焦】 1)近义词：end;be over2)finish doing sth.完成做某事,如：He finished reading the story book last week.上周他看完了那本故事书。重点句型汇总1What are you doing for vacation? Im babysitting my sister.假期你要做什么？我要照顾我的妹妹。2Who are you going with? Im going with my parents.你要和谁一起去？我要和父母一起去。翻译：王林要和谁一起去观光？他要和他的朋友们一起去。3When is he going camping? He is going on the 12th of February, 2005.4Im going to Tibet for a week. 我要去西藏一周。5What are you doing there? Im going hiking in the mountains.你在那里要做什么？ 我要在山区里远足。6Show me your photos when we get back to school. 我们返回学校时，你把照片拿给我看。7Where are you going for vacation? Im going to Hawaii for vacation. 你要去哪度假？我要去夏威夷度假。8Im going to Hawaii for vacation in December, and Im staying for three weeks.我要在12月去夏威夷度假，在那里呆3个星期。9What is it like there? 那里什么样子？10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans? 我可以问你一些有关你假期计划的问题吗？交际用语 What are you doing for vacation?Im spending time with my friends. When are you going?Im going next week.How long are you staying?Were staying for two weeks.重要语法 用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态【课文讲解】1.A：Whats she doing for vacation?她假期将干什么？B：Shes babysitting her sister.她将照顾她妹妹。【剖析】1)在英语中,强调计划、安排、打算做的事情,经常用进行时表将来。这个句子也可说成：What is she going to do for vacation? 2)babysit要双写末位字母再加-ing。【拓展】可以表示将来的句子：I want to.I will.2.That sounds nice.Who are you going with? 听起来不错。你和谁一起去？【剖析】1)句中的who作with的宾语。2)sound+-adj.表示“听起来”。【拓展】 英语中有很多动词后面可加形容词如：look,seem,like等。3.A：How long is he staying? 他要待多长时间？B：Hes staying for a week.他要待一周。【剖析】1)how long常和延续性动词连用。2)在回答how long的提问时要用“for+时间段”。【拓展】1)在回答how long的提问时,也可以用“since+具体时间”来表示。2)live表示长期时间地居住，而stay表示短期地停留、逗留。4.He thought about going to Greece or Spain,but decided on Canada.他本打算去希腊或西班牙,但还是决定去加拿大。【剖析】1)这是一个由but引导的转折句；2)句中的thought意为“原以为”,含有虚拟成分；3)decide on表示“决定去某地”。【拓展】可以接动名词作宾语的动词有：mind,miss,enjoy,give up,admit(允许)，avoid（避免）,finish,escape(逃脱),practice(实践),stop 的首字母取来拼凑成“mrhsgrps”叫做“霉咖啡不是”。5.Julia Morgan,the famous movie star,is taking a vacation.著名影星Julia Morgan打算去度假。【剖析】1)the famous movie star是Julia Morgan的同位语,起补充和说明作用；2)is taking a vacation是现在进行时表示将来,意为“将要去度假”。【拓展】可以用进行时表示将来的动词有go,come,leave,take,play,have。它们都是趋向性动词。【典型考题】1. are you going this summer vacation?To the beach.A.When B.Where C.How D.Why思路解析：“To the beach.”表示“到海边”。推测上句是对地点的提问。答案：B2.We will stay at home if my aunt to visit us tomorrow.A.comes B.will come C.is coming思路解析：if引导条件状语从句,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时代替将来时。答案：A例3How long are you going to ?For about two weeks.A.leave B.be away C.leave away D.be left思路解析：本题考查持续性动词。由句首的疑问词how long和答语可知,句子的谓语部分须为持续性动词。答案：B绿色通道：持续性动词只能和持续性时间连用，要注意区分。例4When you ?Im seeing you off at the airport.A.are；leave B.do；leave C.are；leaving D.did；leave思路解析：此题考查句子的时态。根据“我将去机场送你”判断,这个句子要用一般将来时。答案：C绿色通道：根据具体的场景去判断时态,并以现在为时间参照物【语法详解】用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态用现在进行时表示将来1. 指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作；谓语通常为瞬间性的动词如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, meet, get 等。Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。He is coming back this Sunday. 这个星期他就回来了。How are you getting there? 你怎么去哪啊？2. 在时间和条件状语从句中，有时也用进行时表示将来情况。如：Dont mention me when you are talking with him. 当你和他说话的时候不要提起我。If he is doing his homework, dont bother him. 如果他要做作业，不要打扰他。现在进行时的基本用法现在进行时是英语中的一种重要时态，其结构是：be + doing sth.。a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。b. 表示现阶段暂时的情况，说话时动作未必正在进行。What are you doing recently?Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）c. 表示发展中的或正在改变的情况，如：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩（赞成、讨厌、生气等情绪）。You are always changing your mind. 你总是改变自己的主意。一般将来时 （单纯将来）1）shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各 人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。The building will be finished next month. 这座大楼将于下个月竣工。Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？will 在条件句中用一般现在时代替;If she comes, Ill call you. 如果她来了，我就打电话告诉你。2）be going toa. 现在的打算、意图，即将做某事What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 表示最近未来的计划或安排将要发生The play is going to be produced next month。 这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。be going to / will 辨析用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你想去旅行，你最好尽快的准备。Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to do/be going to 辨析be to do 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）不用进行时的动词1）表示事实状态的动词，如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。2）表示心理状态的动词，如 know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate 等。I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。3）瞬间动词，如 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。4）系动词，如 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。一般现在时代替一般将来时when ,while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。【中考连线】1Will you tell us something about the weather there?I _to that.A. go B. come C. am going D. am coming2. A new cinema _here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built3. He said he _me a present unless I_ in doing the experiment.A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeededC. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed.4. Ive won a holiday for a week to Guilin. I _ my wife and little daughter.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken5. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes.A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose答案与解析1. 答案：D。“我就要讲到这一点”，为进行时表示将来，A、B两项时态不对，C项意思不对。2. 答案：D。从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设之中，而且应用被动语态。3. 答案：B。在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。4答案：A。我获得了去桂林度假一周的机会。Be + v. -ing 可用来表达计划或安排最近将要发生的动作。5答案：B。谓语动词形式上使用一般现在时，却表达了将来的情况。要用一般将来时，由于jobs与lost之间时被动关系。同步测试题一、根据句意及首字母，填入适当的单词。1. She often b_ her sister on Sundays. 2. Whats she doing for v_? 3. Im going c_ with my parents. 4. Theyre r_ at home this weekend. 5. Tom is playing football n_ week. 6. Im very t_. I want to have a rest. 7. P_ is the capital（首都）of France. 8. Were taking a v_ to Hawaii this summer. 9. My uncle lives in the c_. He has a big farm there. 10. F_, they decide to ask the policeman for help. 选择填空。二、1. -_are you staying there? -Just for two days. A. How often B. When C. How long D. How many 2. I have_ to tell you. A. anything exciting B. exciting something C. exciting anything D. something exciting 3. Im going to Tibet next Monday. -_. A. I know B. That sounds exciting C. Im sorry to hear that D. Thank you 4. He doesnt know anything about Greece, because he has_gone there. A. ever B. always C. never D. often 5. Whats wrong with you, Henry? -_. A. Im going to the hospital B. I have a bad cold C. Im visiting my grandparents D. I want to go fishing 6. What_she_ for vacation? A. does, does B. is, doing C. is, do D. are, doing 7. When are you going there? I am going there_May, the 12th. A. in B. on C. at D. for 8. My father is visiting my grandpa_week. A. that B. the C. next D. last 9. We are going bike riding, Kate. That sounds_. A. well B. happy C. beautiful D. nice 10. How long are you_in New York? Just for three days. A. staying B. stay C. stayed D. stays 三、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1. Mr Johnson likes_(watch) TV in the evening. 2. He_(go) fishing yesterday. 3. What_you_(do) this weekend? 4. Listen! Someone_(sing) in the next room. 5. Mrs Beet_(drive) very fast to work every day. 四、按要求改写下列各句，每空一词1. Shes going to see us tomorrow. (改为一般疑问句) _ _going to see us tomorrow? 2. We had a sports camp last Sunday. (用next Sunday 代替last Sunday后填空) Were_ _have a sports camp next Sunday. 3. Were going to the Great Wall with our teacher. (就划线部分提问) _are you going to the Great Wall_? 4. Were going camping next Friday. (就划线部分提问) _ _you going camping? 5. I visited my friends in Beijing twice a month last year.（就划线部分提问） _ _did you visited your friends in Beijing last year? 五、下列各句中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1. Do(A) you like going(B) bike rideing(C) after dinner(D)? 2. They(A) had good time(B) last(C) Sunday(D). 3. How about(A) to go(B) fishing(C) with(D) us? 4. We often(A) go camping(B) in(C) weekends(D). 5. He is(A) returning back(B) to(C) our class next week(D). 六、根据所给情景，完成下列对话，每空一词。A: Hello, Wang Lin! B: Hi, Han Mei! A: What are you doing (1)_vacation? B: I dont (2)_. What about you? A: Im going to Huang Mountain. I think its a beautiful place. B: Yes. I (3)_there last year. Who are you going (4)_? A: My parents. B: Have a good (5)_. A: Thank you. 七、完形填空。Almost everyone_1_the meanings of Mr, Mrs and Miss. Mr is used before the family names of men. Mrs is for married(结婚的) women and Miss is for unmarried women. But_2_is Ms? Some businessmen(商人) in the United States_3_Ms before a womans name when they do not know whether(是否) the woman is married. Today, however, many women like Ms better_4_Mrs or Miss. The word _5_ does not tell us whether or not a man is married. Some women want to be equal to(和.平等)_6_in this way. These women feel that it is not important for people to know whether they are married or not. There are some problems with Ms, however. _7_women like it. Some like the older ways of doing things. Some find_8_difficult to read. Ms_9_miz. Young women like it better than older women do. It is difficult to know whether Ms will be used by more American women in the future. What do you think_10_it? 1. A. knows B. know C. knew D. is knowing 2. A. how B. what C. who D. which 3. A. use to B. using C. uses D. use 4. A. to B. for C. than D. as 5. A. Ms B. Mrs C. Miss D. Mr 6. A. men B. girls C. ladies D. boys 7. A. None of B. Not all C. All D. Neither of 8. A. this B. that C. them D. it 9. A. sounds like B. read like C. is sounded like D. is sound like 10. A. at B. of C. on D. to 八、阅读理解。The Wilsons decided to go overseas for vacation. They had a family meeting to plan the vacation. First, Mr Wilson said, we should decide where we are going. I dont agree, Mrs Wilson said, I think we should decide when we are going first. We dont want to go to places when they are cold. Mr Wilson agreed, so the familys first decision was when to go on vacation. They decided to go in July. Now we can decide where to go, said Mr Wilson. But, Dad, Ben said, dont you think that where we go depends on(依赖，取决于)how we go? If we plan to fly, we can go a long way. If we plan to drive, we cant go far. Again, Mr Wilson agreed, and they discussed this.