组织学与胚胎学-血液-双语教学PPT课件

.,1,Chapter4Blood,组胚教研室:袁娲Departmentofhistologyandembryology,.,2,LearningObjectives,Thecompositionofblood(血液).Thestructure,functionandnormalvalues(正常值)oftheformedelementsofblood(血液有形成分).Hematopoiesis(血细胞的发生).Thehematopoietictissue(造血组织)andthehematopoieticstemcells(造血干细胞).Theproductionandsignificanceoflymph(淋巴).,.,3,*aspecializedformofC.T.*acirculatingtissue*asatransportingmedium*atotalvolumeabout5litersinhealthadult,INTRODUCTION,.,4,Componentsofblood血液的组成成分,*Formedelements-bloodcells(45%)*Intercellularsubstance-plasma(55%),Erythrocytes红细胞Leukocytes白细胞Platelets血小板,H2O(90%)Plasmaproteins:albumin白蛋白,globulin球蛋白,fibrinogen纤维蛋白原,etc.Others:,.,5,血液的组成,centrifugation(离心),-plasma,Leukocytes+Platelets,-Erythrocyte(Redbloodcell),anticoagulant(heparin)抗凝剂（肝素）,.,6,血块、血清,Serum血清,withoutanticoagulant,Clotting,无纤维蛋白原,.,7,血液有形成分,红细胞：男（4.05.5）1012/L；女（3.55.0）1012/L（350-500万个/ul),白细胞(4.010)109/L或4千-1万个/ul,血小板（100300）109/L（或10-30万个/ul）,有粒白细胞,无粒白细胞,中性粒细胞50-70%嗜酸性粒细胞0.5-3%嗜碱性粒细胞0-1%,淋巴细胞25-30%单核细胞3-8%,血液有形成分正常值,血象(hemogram)：血细胞的形态、数量、百分比及血红蛋白的含量.血象是临床疾病诊断、治疗的重要指标。,.,8,Wright染色法（瑞特染色法）:染料是由酸性染料伊红和碱性染料亚甲蓝组成。与酸性染料伊红结合，染粉红色；与碱性染料亚甲蓝结合，染紫蓝色。Giemsa染色法（吉姆萨染色法）:吉姆萨染液由伊红，天青组成。,血涂片bloodsmear:观察血细胞形态染色方法:Wright或Giemsa染色,.,9,一、红细胞（erythrocyte,redbloodcell,RBC）,1.结构特点2.血型3.功能4.寿命5.网织红细胞,.,10,MatureErythrocyte*biconcavediscshape,providinggreatersurfacearea;*nonucleusandorganelles;*Hemoglobin(Hb);*deformability.,SEM,Size:7.58.5m(diameter)Number:Male:4.25.51012/L(Hb:120150g/L)Female:3.55.01012/L(Hb:110140g/L),.,11,.,12,2ABO血型抗原系统：红细胞膜含血型抗原A型：有A型抗原B型：有B型抗原O型：无A型、B型抗原AB型：有A型、B型抗原,3功能:红细胞具有携带O和CO的功能，由血红蛋白执行。4寿命:红细胞的平均寿命约为120天。,溶血(hemolysis)血影（erythrocyteghost）:溶血后残留的红细胞膜囊。,.,13,*notfullymatureRBC*0.51%ofatotalnumberofRBC*nonucleus*ribosomalRNAremnants(netlikestructure)*remainingHbsynthesis*Clinicsignificance,Reticulocyte网织红细胞,.,14,PathologicalconditionsNumberSizeShapeHb,Anemia贫血,Erythrocytosis红细胞增多症,Spherocytosis;Sicklecellanemia,Thalassemia（地中海贫血）,Large/smallcellanemia,.,15,.,16,NormalRBCSickledRBC镰状,.,17,.,18,Typically,theaffectedRBCsaresmall,sphericallyshaped,andlackthelightcentersseeninnormalRBCs.,Spherocytosis,.,19,Generalcharacteristicofleukocytes*sphericalshape*possesnuclei*presenceoforganelles*atotalnumberlessthanthatoferythrocytes*exhibitingamoeboidmovement*involvinginbodydefensesandimmunity,二、白细胞（leukocyte,whitebloodcell，WBC）,.,20,.,21,Classification*Granularleukocytes有粒白细胞neutrophils5070%中性粒细胞eosinophils0.53%嗜酸性粒细胞basophils01%嗜碱性粒细胞*Agranularleukocytes无粒白细胞lymphocytes2530%淋巴细胞monocytes38%单核细胞,.,22,NeutrophilSize:1012m(diameter)Morphology形态nucleus：highlymorphonuclearrod-like2-3lobulated4-5lobulatedyoungoldcytoplasm：specificgranules:80%,smallazurophilicgranules:20%,lysosome溶酶体,Neutrophils中性粒细胞,(嗜天青颗粒),.,23,中性粒细胞模式图（示杆状核演变至5叶核,新生到衰老）,.,24,中性粒细胞（血涂片）,Neutrophils,Lobulatednuclei,Rod-likenucleus,azurophilicgranules,*fine,uniform细腻，均匀*evenlydistributed*pinkstaining,Charateristicsofspecificgranules:,.,25,Specificgranules(80%,samll)contain:alkalinephosphatase碱性磷酸酶*Phagocytin吞噬素*lysozyme溶菌酶,AzurophilicG.(large,less)containing:acidphosphatase酸性磷酸酶*Peroxidase过氧化物酶,Neutrophil(EM),.,26,Function,Chemotaxis(Mobility)趋化性:Attractedbychemotacticfactor(releasedbymacrophages)PhagocytosisSorirregular;obscuredoutlinecytoplasm:basophilicgranules,*variablesize*unevendistribution*strongbasophilia,Characteristic,Basophil嗜碱性粒细胞,.,28,Basophil,E.M.:Basophilicgranulescontain:*heparin*histamineF.N.:*anticoagulate*responsibletoallergicreaction,nucleus,.,29,Size:1015m(diameter)LM:-usuallybilobednucleus-eosinophilicgranules,*strongeosinophilia(reddish)*coarseandrefractile*uniformsizeandevenlydistributed,Eosinophils嗜酸性粒细胞,Characteristic,.,30,（电镜）,Eosinophilicgranules(primarylysosomes)whichcontainsubstances:*acidphosphatase*arylsulphatase芳基硫酸酯酶*Peroxidase*histaminase组胺酶,nucleus,Eosinophilicgranuleswithcrystalloidinthecenter,(EM),.,31,Function,Chemotaxis（趋化性）attractedbychemotacticfactorfromthemastcellsPhagocytize（吞噬）foreignbodies,Ag-AbcomplexAnti-allergy（抗过敏）Releasehistaminase，inactivatehistamineforweakeningallergicreactionAnti-parasite（抗寄生虫）Itisincreasedinpatientsinfectedw/allergicreactionorparasite,Neutrophils:*ruffledmembranemovement*chemetaxis*phagocytosisEosinophils:anti-parasite;anti-allergyBasophils:*anticoagulation;*involvinginallergicresponse,Functionofgranularleukocytes,Size:1420m(diameter)Nucleus:large,eccentric,lightstaining,deepindentation,horseshoecytoplasm：abundant，gray-bluestaining,weakbasophilia,numerouspurplegranules(azurophilicG),Monocyte单核细胞,.,34,Smallpseudopodia,microvillus,mitochondrionRER,Lysosomes(azurophilicgranule)contain:,*Peroxidase*Acidphoshpatase*Lysozyme溶菌酶,(EM模式图）,nucleus,MonocyteunderEM,.,36,Functionofmonocyte,-differentiateintomacrophages.phagocytosisimmuneresponsegiverisetoosteoclasts破骨细胞,whichareabletodissolvebone.,.,37,Lymphocytes淋巴细胞,3types:small68m;medium-sized912m;large1320mSmalllymphocyte(90%):LM:Roundorovoid;Nu.:sphericity,indentation,condensedchromatin,darkstaining.Cytoplasm:scanty,asathinriminlight-bluew/azurophilicgranules,*alargenumberoffreeribosomes,*afewmitochondria,andotherorganelles*exhibitingsmallcytoplasmicprojectionsinthesurfaceofcells.,(EM模式图）,nucleus,LymphocyteunderEM,.,39,Classification*function#T-Cell:75%cellularimmunityB-Cell:10-15%humoralimmunitylargegranulelymphocyte(KM.T.system:a.openingtubulesystem开放小管系统:toincreasethesurfaceareaforplateletadhesion.b.densetubulesystem致密小管系统:sER,support,collectCa2+andsynthesizeprostaglandin前列腺素,E.M.:,.,42,actin-likeM.F微丝:mobile.granules:a