六西格玛的12个步骤介绍(ppt 25页).ppt

本资料来源,MethodologyOverview,PhaseII:ProcessMeasurement,PhaseIII:ProcessAnalysis,PhaseIV:ProcessImprovement,PhaseV:ProcessControl,SixSigmaPhases,PhaseI:ProcessDefinition,M,A,I,C,D,SUPPLIER,ProcessStep1,Processstep2,CUSTOMER,Processstep3,RECORDDEFECTS,RECORDDEFECTS,RECORDDEFECTS,RECORDDEFECTS,RECORDDEFECTS,MEASURE,CONTROL,IMPROVE,ANALYZE,CONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENTMODEL,PROCEDURE,TIME,GOAL,TRENDCHART,ACTIONPLAN,ACTION,NAME,DATE,VitalFewIdentification,ContinuousImprovement,Thefollowingvisualillustrateshowthesystemcanwork,DEFINE,SixSigmaBreakthroughSteps,Define,Measure,Analyze,Improve,Control,Step1-SelectOutputCharacteristic-IdentifyProcessInput/OutputVariablesStep2-DefinePerformanceStandardsStep3-ValidateMeasurementSystemStep4-EstablishProcessCapabilityStep5-DefinePerformanceObjectivesStep6-IdentifyVariationSourcesStep7-ScreenPotentialCausesStep8-DiscoverVariableRelationshipsStep9-EstablishOperatingTolerancesStep10-ValidateMeasurementSystemStep11-DetermineProcessCapabilityStep12-ImplementProcessControls,SixSigmaMethodology,Step1-DefinePhaseYouhavetohaveareasontodoaprojectandthatreasonshouldbesomethingthatisbotheringacustomer.Ifyoucantidentifywhatisimportanttoworkon,dontworkonanything.Ifyoucantputanameonityoucantdoit.Ifyoucantdefinetheunitsofmeasure-becareful!Youwillenduphavingto:Definetheunitsofmeasureandcreateameasuringsystemfortheissueatthebeginningofyourproject.Step2-MeasurePhaseIfyoudontknowwhatmakessomethinggoodorbad,howcanyoumeasuretheproblemintermsofdefects(DPMO)?Ifthedefinitionofwhatmakesadefect(thespecification)isnotinthesameunitsofmeasureastheselectedYfromstep1,youhavethewrongspec.Thedefinitionneedstobecrystalclearandbrief,SelecttheOutputCharacteristic(the“Y”)Whatistheproblem?Whatisadefect?,DefinethePerformanceStandardofthe“Y”Whatisthespecificationorlevelofperformancerequiredbythecustomer?,SixSigmaMethodology,Step3-MeasurePhaseIfyoucantmeasuresomething,howdoyouknowwhereyouare,whereyouhavebeen,orwhereyouaregoing?Ifyourmeasurementsystemisincapable,STOPandFIXITbeforeproceeding.Note:MeasurementSystemAnalysis(MSA)mustbedoneonanyandalldefectsyouwishtocount(watchoutifyouhaveavisualinspectionof6characteristics)Step4-MeasurePhaseIknowwhatIwanttofix(step1),whatdefinesitasgoodorbad(step2),andIcanaccuratelymeasureit(step3)so:NowIcansayhowmyprocessisperformingintermsoflongandshorttermZandDPMOwhichismybaselinedefectrate.Iknowcanimprovefromhere.,ValidatetheMeasurementSystemCanweaccuratelyandconsistentlymeasuretheY?Canyoutrustyourdata?,EstablishProcessCapabilityWhatisourdefectratetoday?,SixSigmaMethodology,Step5-MeasurePhaseWheredoIwanttobeattheendofmyproject?Thereshouldbeastretchgoalwithlogicbehinditsselection.Theobjectiveshouldmakeitcleartoallatwhatpointtheprojectwillbeconsideredcompleteandsuccessful.Step6-AnalyzePhase,DefinePerformanceObjectivesGiventhecurrentdefectrate,howmuchshouldweexpecttoimprove?,IdentifyVariationSources(“Xs”)Whataresomepotentialcausesofthedefect?,Listallpotentialinputs(KPIV,X)thatcouldaffectmyoutput(KPOV,Y).Thisisfillingthetopofthefunnel.Sometoolsincludefishbone,C&Ematrix,FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis(FMEA),detailedprocessmaps.Thinkoutsidethebox-ifyoufixitthesamewayyoudidlastyear,youwillhavethesameproblemyouhavenow.,SixSigmaMethodology,Step7-AnalyzePhaseStep8-ImprovePhase,ScreenPotentialCausesCanIfigureoutwhichofthepotentialcausesareactuallyaffectingmydefectrateusingstatisticaltests?,ScreeningisdoneusingGraphicalToolsandHypothesisTeststoidentifyandprovewhicharethevitalXs.ThisisthemiddleofthefunnelforprojectswithvariablerelationshipsbetweenXsForsomesimplerprojectswheretherearenovariablerelationshipsbetweenmyXs(orIhaveonly1X)thisisalsostep8thebottomofthefunnel,thefinalvitalXs,DiscoverVariableRelationshipsNowthatIknowwhichonesactuallycausethedefect,howshouldtheybesetsotheyproducetheleastamountofdefects?,EvaluateifanyofmyvitalXsareaffectedbyotherVitalXs.ThisisprimarilydonethroughtheuseofDesignofExperiment(DOE)formoderatetocomplexprojects.DOEisanexperimentalprocessthatdeterminestheimpactofmultipleinputsonaselectedoutput.Thisleadstothebottomofthefunnel,IknowwhichXsaffectmyYandhowtheyaffecteachother.,Transactional-useOFATapproach.,SixSigmaMethodology,Step9-ImprovePhaseStep10-ImprovePhase,IknowwhichXsareimportant.WhatrangeofsettingscanIusetomakegoodproduct?InthecaseofavariableX(e.g.PSIonanairfeed),Ihavetoprovideasettingtolerance.,EstablishOperatingTolerancesCanIestablishatoleranceformyinputsthatwillstillyieldalowdefectratetoleavemyselfsomeflexibilityandfacilitatecontrol?,ValidateMeasurementSystemNowthatIhaveimproved,canIstillmeasurethedefectorthecausesgoingforward?,InthecaseofavariableX(e.g.PSIonanairfeed),Ineedtovalidatethatitcanbemeasured(avitalXMSA).Also,ImighthaveimprovedmyYsomuchthatIcannolonger“read”myprocess,andmayhavetoimprovemygagesystemtotrulymeasurewheremyimprovementshavebroughtme.,SixSigmaMethodology,Step11-ImprovePhaseStep12-ControlPhase,DetermineProcessCapabilityWhatisthedefectratenowthatIhaveimplementedtheimprovements?,ThismeasuresthecapabilityofcontrollingmyXswhereIhavesetthem.Thisisalsothetimewhenwedetermineformalresultsbycomparinganewcapabilityanalysiswiththebaselinecapabilityanalysis(step4)andourgoals(step5).,ImplementProcessControlsHowdowemakesureitstaysfixed?,TheXsyouhavedeterminedasvital,theirsettings,andotheractionsyouhavetakentomaketheimprovementmustbe:NaileddownSetinconcreteFullyimplemented(NOTjustagreedto)PutintoarigorousauditscheduleBEFOREyoucansayaprojectisclosed!,AdvancedToolsYIELDAcceleratedResults,FivePhasesandKeyTools,ControlPlanSPCMistakeProofingAutomatedControl,$,六西格玛的12个步骤,步骤1-选择输出特性,你的每一个项目都应有一个开始的理由，这个理由应该是令你的客户感到不方便的事情。如果你不能够找出有什么重要的事情，那就什么也不要做。如果你不能给项目一个执行的理由，那就不要执行它如果你的项目没有一套绩效评估的依据，或是在项目完成时你无法衡量完成的好坏，那你应在项目开始时就建立一套绩效评估的标准。,步骤2定义绩效标准(工程标准),如果你不知道什么产品是合格的，什么是不合格的，那你如何统计不良品的发生率(DPMO)如果在工程标准中对于不合格品产生的原因与步骤1中所选择的客户质量统计中不一致，这说明你使用了不恰当的工程标准定义标准必须完全清晰简洁,步骤3确定量测系统,如果你不能进行测量工作，那你怎么知道你当前工作的进程，你取得了什么成绩，及你目前所处的位置如果你发现你所使用的量测系统存在缺陷，在继续使用前应马上停止使用这套系统，立即改正缺陷注：MSA应有能力统计你希望统计的所有疵点数量,步骤4确定生产能力,我知道我的目标是什么(步骤1),判定合格或不合格的标准(步骤2),同时我有能力精确的测量它(步骤3)所以：-现在我可以确定我的项目将会取得的短期和长期的Z值和DPMO值-我从这里开始改进通用工具,六西格玛“过程报告”用于连续型数据&“产品报告”用于离散型数据。,步骤5定义绩效目标,我希望这个项目最终取得什么成果？选