课件：动词不定式.ppt

Grammar,Infinitive,动词不定式的形式FormsofInfinitive,todonottodotobedonetohavedone,动词不定式的作用FunctionsofInfinitive,主语(subject)宾语(object)表语(predicative)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial),主语(subject),Itiskindofyoutohelpme.（形容词修饰人，用of）ItisimportantforyoutostudyEnglish.（形容词修饰动词不定式，用for）,宾语(object),IfounditimportanttostudyEnglish.（形式宾语）,定语(attribute),sth.toeat(eatsth.)aroomtolivein(liveinaroom),状语(adverbial),Impleasedtomeetyou.（原因状语)inorderto=soasto=to（目的状语）Iwenttothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.（结果状语）,表语(predicative),在系动词后面：seem,be,become,look,sound,taste,smell,feel,Oneday,yourdoctortellsyouthatyouhaveanincurablediseaseandmaynothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive.,attribute,TheredidnotseemmuchpointinworkingonmyPhD-Ididnotexpecttosurvivethatlong.,object,Butinordertogetmarried,Ineededajob,andinordertogetajob,IneededaPhD.,adverbial,Hecontinuedhisexplorationoftheuniverseandtraveledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.,adverbial,Sincethen,Hawkinghascontinuedtoseekanswertoquestionsaboutthenatureoftheuniverse.,object,Readerswerepleasedandsurprisedtofindthatascientistcouldwriteabouthisworkinawaythatordinarypeoplecouldunderstand.,adverbial,Inthebook,Hawkingexplainsbothwhatitmeanstobeascientistandhowscienceworks.,subject,Scientistslookattheworldandtrytodescribeandexplainwhattheysee.,object,Toexplainwhattheyhaveseen,theybuildatheoryaboutthewayinwhichthingshappenandthecausesandeffects.,adverbial,Butif,likeHawking,theyarestudyingsomethingthatistoolargeortoodifficulttoobservedirectly,theywilluseamodeltotestthetheory.,adverbial,PeoplewholistentoHawkingslecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim,becausehisthoughtsandideasoftenseemaslargeastheuniverseheistryingtodescribe.,object,带“to”的短语不一定都是动词不定式，比如accordingto,stickto,listento,payattentionto,leadto,lookforwardto等。“to”在上述短语中作介词，后接名词，代词或动名词。,动词不定式的被动语态,一、复习各种时态的被动语态被动语态的基本结构:be+done（以thebook,publish为例）一般现在/过去时：Thebook_.一般/过去将来时:Thebook_.Thebook_.现在/过去进行时：Thebook_.现在/过去完成时:Thebook_.情态动词：Thebook_.,is/waspublished,will/wouldbepublished,is/wasgoingtobepublished,is/wasbeingpublished,has/hadbeenpublished,can/could/may/mightbepublished,二、动词不定式的被动语态1.动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：1）一般式（not/never）tobedone2）完成式（not/never）tohavebeendone（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）,2.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1)做主语（常用it做形式主语）Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。2)做表语ThepartyistobeheldnextSaturdayevening.明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。,Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathyby.,ItisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendtheopeningceremonyofAsianGames.,Thenewdrugistobetestedoutonthe500overweightpeoplenextyear.,3)做宾语Shedidntliketobetreatedasachild.Hepretendedtohavebeenbeatenbyhisstep-father.这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。,Theclerkwouldntliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers,4)做宾语补足语Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。,Thedisabledchildexpectedthecinematobedesignedbythechiefarchitect.,5）做定语Whatavictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。,TheEnglishareproudoftheOlympicGamestobeheldinLondon.,6）做状语AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（bookingoffice）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。,Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.,3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。1)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,Hehasnothingtoeat.分析：eat动nothing宾/he主eat谓Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.分析：_动_宾/_主_谓这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。,read,abook,you,read,Theelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare.,比较：Ihavealotofletterstotype.(我有很多信件要打印：Iwilltypetheletter)Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.(意思为：Igetsb.totypetheletter)1)IllgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything_(take)toyourwifethere?2)Haveyouanyclothes_(wash),sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes_(wash),tobetaken,tobewashed,towash,注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式。,3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。2)在“主语+表语（形容词）todo”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.（分析：answer(动)-thisquestion（宾）注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。Johnisdifficulttodealwith.（分析：_(动)-_(宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。这题目很难算出来。,dealwith,John,Thearmchairiscomfortabletositin,Thequestionisdifficulttoworkout,4.Therebe结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.(多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。,Thereisnothingtoworryabout.,1.Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourcomputerto_(repair).2.Iknewhim_(catch)bythepolice.3.Avoteisrequired_(take)inourcompanyatonce.4.Thismakesitpossibleforthem_(make)metalsintoanyrequiredshapes.5.Dickspedonthemotorwayonly_(fine).6.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved_(steal)it.,berepaired,tohavebeencaught,tobetaken,tomake,tohavestolen,tobefined,练习,7.Ihope_(admit)toZhongshanUniversity.8.Thebookissaidto_(translate)intoseverallanguages.9.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_(welcome)intotheirsociety.10.Comeon!Itisaneasysentence_(translate).11.WhenIcamein,hepretendedto_.(read)12.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_(receive)intimeforChristmas.13.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter_(notdrive)afterdrinking.,totranslate,tobewelcomed,havebeentranslated,tobeadmitted,bereading,tobereceived,nottodrive,14.Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited_(speak).15.Ithappened_(rain)whenIgotthere.16.Iamterriblysorry_(lose)yourkey.17.Iamsorry_(say)thatheisgoingfrombadtoworse.18.Heasked_(send)totheplacewherehewasmostneeded.19.Whathehopedwas_(admit)intotheuniversity20.Hegottothestationonly_(find)alltheticketshadbeensoldout.21.Iamsorry_(keep)youwaitingsolong.,tospeak,toberaining,tohavelost,tosay,tobesent,tobeadmitted,tofind,tohavekept,22.Ontheirreturnthefatheraskedhisson_(explain)whathehadlearnt.23.Myadvisorencouragedme_(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.24.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen_(hear),butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.25.Thefluisbelieved_(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.26.Heseems_（punish)byhisteacheryesterday.27._(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.28.Hewastoofrightened_(say)anything.,toexplain,totake,tohaveheard,tobecaused,tohavebeenpunished,Tosave,tosay,29.Theschoolorderedalltheclassroom_(clean).30.Mygrandmotherseemstohavealot_(worry)about.31.Iamgoingtothepostoffice.Doyouhaveanyletter_(post)?32.Youareluckyenough_(notcatch)intherain.,nottohavebeencaught,tobeposted,toworry,tobecleaned,二、翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了Themeetingissaidtohavebeencancelled.2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。Thestudentseemstohavelostinterestinpolitics.3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。Thedisableddontliketobelaughedat.4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。Thereisnotimetowaste/bewasted5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸ItisagreathonortobeinvitedtotheEnglishClub.,6.她假装没有听懂我说的话。ShepretendednottounderstandwhatIhadsaid.7.我希望被中山大学录取。Ihope/expecttobeadmittedintoZhangshanUniversity8.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。Iamsorrytohaveforgottenyourtelephonenumber.,exercises,Myteacherwasmade_becauseofpoorhealth.因为身体不好，我的老师被迫放弃教学。2.Thesentencewants_.这个句子需要再解释一遍。3.TheArcticisconsidered_oftheAtlantic.北冰洋被认为是大西洋的一部分，,togiveuphisteching,tobeexplained/explainingoncemore,tobe/asapart,4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulclothes_withoutdelay.皇帝命令这种完美的衣服要立刻给他做出来。5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard_.我发现德语很难学。6.-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?-Itisaverygoodschool_.你认为这学校怎么样？是一所学习的好学校。,tostudyin,tobemadeforhim/shouldbemadeforhim,tolearn,7.Wefinditimpossibleforthework_aheadoftime.我们发现提前完成这个工作不可能。8._aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.要谋生，她不得不从早到晚地工作。9.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan_food.我宁愿饿死也不情愿讨饭。10.Theboypretended_whenhismotherentered.母亲进来时，这男孩假装睡觉。,tobefinished,Tomake,begfor,tobesleeping,11.Robertissaid_,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(study)据说罗伯特在国外学习，但我不知道他在哪个国家学习。12.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_.(make)新技术的目的是为了使生活更容易,而不是使生活更难13.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknow_inmynewjob.(expect)我以前跟孩子们工作过，所以我知道我的新工作该做什么,tohavestudiedabroad,nottomakeitmoredifficult,whattoexpect,14.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.(see)在国外旅行肯定对这对老夫妇有益，但他们是否喜欢还有待观察。15.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_.(do)据说澳大利亚土地很多，政府不知道怎么处理。16.Themotherdidntknow_forthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.母亲不知道谁该为这打破的杯子负责，因为碰巧是她外出时发生的。(blame),tobeseen,whattodowithit,whotoblame,17.Pauldoesnthaveto_.Healwaysworkshard.(make)Paul不必逼他学习。他总是很勤奋。18.Weagreed_butsofarshehasntturnedupyet.(meet)我们同意在这儿见面，但到目前为止她还没来19.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismother_.(tell)这男孩想在街上骑自行车，但他母亲叫他不要骑,bemadetolearn,tomeethere,toldhimnotto,20.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.(eat)警告过病人手术后不要吃油腻的食物。21.Iwouldlove_lastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.(go)昨天晚上我想来参加晚会的，但是我必须加班完成一个报告。22.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(invent)CharlesBabbage普遍被认为是发明了第一台电脑。,nottoeat,tohavegonetotheparty,tohaveinvented,23.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.(take)小jim今天晚上很想被带去看戏。24._intheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(sleep)想要晚上晚睡，Bob关了闹钟。25.Theteacheraskedus_.老师叫我们不要制造这么大的闹声。(make),tobetaken,Tosleeplate,nottomakesomuchnoise,26.爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_arebothgreathappiness.27.中国人民决不会征服。TheChinesepeoplerefuse_28.据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid_.29.根据报道他们已安全到达。Theyarereported_,Toloveandtobeloved,togivein/beconquered,tohavefinished/completedhiswork,tohavearrivedsafely,30.我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。Iwantthisbike_.31.玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Maryseemed_.32.众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown_agoldmedalattheOlympic.,toberepairedatonce/immediately,tohavebeentoldaboutit,tohavebeengiven,33.Itwasraininghard,andtheboyhadnochoicebut_.(stay)天正下着大雨，这男孩没有办法只有呆在洞里34.Thegirlsmothergaveherabeautifultoy_onherbirthday,whichmadeherveryhappy.(play)女孩母亲在她生日那天送给她一个漂亮玩具玩，这使她非常高兴。,tostayinthehole,toplaywith,2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编非谓语动词,1Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool_.(speak)完成了她的项目之后，学校邀请她向新来的学生演讲。2Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletter_.(offer)约翰真的得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了提供给他工作的正式信件。3.Thelecture,_,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.(start)昨天晚上七点钟，演讲开始，紧接着用望远镜观月。4.Time,_,ismoneyinthebank.(use)只要用的恰当，时间就是金钱。,tospeaktothenewstudents,offeringittohim,startedat7pmintheafternoon,usedcorrectly,5.Wevehadagoodstart,butnext,morework_toachievethefinalsuccess.(do)我们已经有了好的开端，但是，为了取得最终成功，需要做更多的工作。6.Beforeyouquityourjob,_howyourfamilywouldfeelaboutyourdecision.(consider)在辞职前，要考虑你的家人对你的决定感觉怎样。7.Werehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision_willinthefutureofourcompany.(make)半小时后，我们就要举行会议，会上所做的决定将关系公司的未来。8._overtimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.(ask)那天晚上要求我加班，所以我错过了一场精彩的电影。,needsdoing/tobedone,consider,tobemadeatthemeeting,Askedtowork,9.Thismachineis_.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.(operate)这台机器很容易操作。任何人在几分钟内可以学会使用。10.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwith_.(follow)这对老夫妇常常晚饭后在公园散步后面跟着宠物狗。11.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake_thetreetocatchitsbreakfast.(wind)我抬起头，注意到了一条蛇沿树蜿蜒而上去抓早餐12.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredto_.(get)在开车进城之前，常常要求你洗车。,veryeasytooperate,theirdogfollowingthem,winditswayup,getyourcarwashed,13._inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.(stand)为了买一部新的iPad,我们排着长长的队等店开门14.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut_.(meet)如果他接手这个工作，他只有迎接甚至更大的挑战。15.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand_.(correct)一个人是通过不断地犯错和改正学习语言的。16._,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.(use)细心使用，一个罐子就会持续六周。,Standing,tomeetanevengreaterchallenge,correctingthem,Usedwithcare/carefully,17.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_thathappenedtobeon.(watch)这个老人每天晚上坐在电视剧前，高高兴兴地观看电视上放的如何节目。18.Tonylentmethemoney,_thatIddoasmuchforhim.(hope)Tony借给我钱，希望我会为他做很多事。19.Birdssingingissometimesawarningtootherbirds_.(stay)鸟叫声有时是警告其他鸟离开。20.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_untouched.(leave)他起床很晚，匆匆忙忙赶到办公室，早餐都没有碰。,towatchanything,hoping,tostayaway,leavinghisbreakfast,21.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen_asmusicandpainting.(compare)电影的历史更加短暂，尤其是与像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。22.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather_.(permit)如果天气许可，晚会将在花园举行。23.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope_.(provide)签完字后，请用所提供的信封把表归还给我们。24.Georgereturnedafterthewar,_thathiswifehadlefthim.(tell)战后乔治回来了，结果被告知他的妻子已离开了他。,comparedwithsuchartforms,permitting,provided,onlytobetold,25.Chinare