初中数学词汇(打印版)

初中数学词汇数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom?ksi?m定理theorem?i?r?m计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)haipisis命题(truefalse)proposition算术arithmeticaddition加法subtraction减法multiplication?m?lt?pli?ke?n乘法division除法加plus(prep.)，add(v.)被加数augend，summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.)，subtract(v.)被减数minuend?minjuend减数subtrahend?s?btr?hend差remainderri?mend?乘times，multiply(v.)被乘数multiplicand，faciend乘数multiplicator?m?ltiplikeit?积product除dividedby，divide(v.)被除数dividend?dividend除数divisordi?vaiz?商quotient?kw?nt等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan?小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator?数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint?分数fraction分子numerator?num?ret?分母denominatordi?nm?net?比ratio?re?i?u正positive负negative?零null,zero,nought,nil十进制decimalsystem?二进制binarysystem?bain?ri进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round?下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup?有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit?代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomialm?nomi?l多项式polynomial?p?li?n?umj?l,multinomial?m?lti?nomi?l系数coefficient?k?fi?nt未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor?等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequationkw?dr?tik三次方程cubicequation?kjubik不等式inequation方程的解solution可解的，可分溶解的resolubleri?z?lj?b?l完全平方式completequadraticform指数，幂exponent乘方power使乘五次方toraisetothepoweroffive二次方，平方square某数的平方xsquared三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower?开方extraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthroot集合aggregate?riit元素element函数function?定义域domain,fieldofdefinitiond?men值域range?rend?常量constant变量variable?v?ri?b?l,?v?r-图象image微积分calculus?k?lkj?l?s?微分differential?dif?r?n?l导数derivativedi?riv?tiv极限limit无穷大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal?infini?t?s?m?l有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber几何geometry平面几何planegeometry立体几何solidgeometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行、平行线parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle?b?tus平角straightangle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle?直角边leg斜边hypotenuse?hai?ptnus勾股定理Pythagoreantheorempai?ri:?n钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scaleneskeili:ntriangle等腰三角形isoscelesais?sili:ztriangle等边三角形equilateraltriangle?ikw?l?t?r?l四边形quadrilateral?kw?dr?l?t?r?l平行四边形parallelogram?p?r?l?l?r?m矩形rectangle?长length宽width菱形rhombr?m,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形square?梯形trapezoid?tr?pi?z?id直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid五边形pentagon?pent?g?n多边形polygon正多边形equilateralpolygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径radius?redi?s/?reidj?s?直径diameterdai?mit圆周率pi弧arc:k半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipseilips圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus,loca(pl.)lks相似similar全等congruentkrunt四面体tetrahedrontetrhi:drn立方体cube多面体polyhedronplihi:drn棱锥pyramidpirmid棱柱prismprizm旋转rotation轴axisksis圆锥cone/u/圆柱cylindersilind球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space坐标系coordinatesku:dineits坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent周期period内心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribedcircle外切圆circumcircles:kms:kl相对的opposite相似的similar等距的equidistanti:kwidistntoverlap重叠统计statistics平均数average比例propotion百分比percent排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution图表graph条形统计图bargraph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图brokenlinegraph曲线统计图curvediagram扇形统计图piediagramGRE数学专业术语词汇代数部分1.有关数学运算add，plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数，divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign/rootsign根号roundto四舍五入increase增加reduce减少3.有关代数式、方程和不等式value值equation方程algebraicterm代数项liketerms,similarterms同类项satisfy满足numericalcoefficient数字系数literalcoefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程，等价方程linearequation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)4.有关分数和小数fraction分数properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数mixednumber带分数vulgarfraction，commonfraction普通分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator（最小）公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction纯小数infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数percent百分之5.基本数学概念average平均数maximum/minimumnumber最大/最小数square平方arithmeticmean算术平均值weightedaverage加权平均值geometricmean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用对数digit数字notmorethan不大于lessthan小于unitsdigit个位数字sum和represent代表adjacent相邻的constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementaryfunction余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue绝对值，e.g.-32=32roundoff四舍五入6.有关数论number数naturalnumber自然数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数oddinteger,oddnumber奇数eveninteger,evennumber偶数integer,wholenumber整数positiveinteger正整数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse倒数compositenumber合数primenumber质数reciprocal倒数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子commonfactor公因子decimalsystem十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数commonratio公比7.数列sequence数列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列consecutive连续的8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向directproportion、directratio正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函数unit单位,位figure图表几何部分1.所有的角angle角alternateangle内错角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle对顶角centralangle圆心角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角asupplementaryangle补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夹角2.所有的三角形triangle三角形regulartriangle正三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentriccircles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straightline、beeline直线linesegment线段parallellines平行线segmentofacircle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangularsolid长方体regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的octahedron八面体6.有关图形上的附属物perimeter周长area面积altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surfacearea表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股crosssection横截面centreofacircle圆心chord弦radius半径anglebisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱faceofasolid立体的面hypotenuse斜边includedside夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距shadedregion阴影区7.有关坐标coordinatesystem坐标系rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane复平面8.其它planegeometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直parallel平行Pythagoreanproposition勾股定理congruent全等的m