定语从句(13) 高职考复习第一轮

高职考复习第一轮定语从句,考纲要求：,掌握：限制性定语从句的基本用法了解：非限制性定语从句,定语从句概念：1、复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词/代词的从句称为定语从句。2、所饰名词称为先行词。3、引导定语从句并在其中充当句子一个成分的词称为关系词。,关系词作用：,引导定语从句；代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成份。,先行词用法:先行词为人时，关系代词用who/that表主格:Thegirlwho/thatisdrawingisJimssister.用whom/that表宾格(who可用于口语中)可省略:Theboy(whom/that)wetalkedaboutwillcome.用whose表所有格:Theworkerwhosearmwasbrokenwassenttohospital.,先行词为物时，关系代词用which/that表主格:Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.关系代词用which/that表宾格,可省略:Thecar(which/that)heboughtwasasecond-handone.也用whose表所有:Theriverwhosebanksarecoveredwithtreesisverylong.,Practice,Doyouknowthegirl?Thegirlisinred.-Doyouknowthegirlwhoisinred?(作主语）Canyourememberthegirl?Wemetthegirlyesterday.-Canyourememberthegirl(whom)wemetyesterday?（作宾语）,Theboyisshakingwithcold.Theboyscoatisblue.-Theboywhosecoatisblueisshakingwithcold.（作定语，表示所有格，指某人的）Pleasepassmethecoat.Thecoatscolorisblue.-Pleasepassmethecoatwhosecolorisblue.（作定语，表示所有格，指某物的）,注意：,A.先行词是不定代词nothing,something,anything,everything,all,little,much,no,some,any,little,few,one等时，关系代词只能用that.1.Thereissomething.Imafraidofsomething.-ThereissomethingthatImafraidof.2.Allhasbeendone.Allcanbedone.-Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.,B.先行词被最高级所修饰时，关系代词用that（指物）,Thisisthebestbuilding.IveeverseeninParis.-ThisisthebestbuildingthatIveeverseeninParis.Heisthefunniestperson.Iveevermetthefunniestperson.-HeisthefunniestpersonthatIveevermet.,whom,C.先行词被序数词或者thelast,theonly(唯一的）,thevery（正是那个）所修饰时，关系代词只用that.,Thisisthefirstplace.Iwanttovisitit.-ThisisthefirstplacethatIwanttovisit.ItstheverybookthatIwanttoborrow.,Heistheonlyperson.Heknewhowtoopenit.-Heistheonlypersonthat/whoknewhowtoopenit.Thatwasthelastexperiment.Wedidthelastexperiment.-Thatwasthelastexperimentthatwedid.,D.先行词包含了人和物两方面时，关系代词只用that。Thesnowmanandtheboyswerelost.Helovedtheboysandthesnowman.-Theboysandthesnowmanthathelovedwerelost.,E.以疑问词(who,which,what)开头的疑问句,为避免重复,用that.,Whoistheman?Themanhaswhitehair.-Whoisthemanthathaswhitehair.Whichisthebook?Youborroweditfromthelibrary.-Whichisthebookthatyouborrowedfromthelibrary?,Conclusionandpractice,Sheheardaterriblenoise.Thenoisesurprisedher.Sheheardaterriblenoisewhichsurprisedher.Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichsurprisedher.,非限定性定语从句,Conclusionandpractice,注：非限定定语从句即定语从句对整个主句加以补充说明，即使省去，也不影响主句的意思，它和先行词或主句常用逗号分开。e.g.Thebabywasill,whichmadethemotherveryworried.,改错：,ThemountainwhichyouwanttoclimbupitisinEurope.定语从句中应避免成分的重复。如本句中要去掉重复的宾语it。IsthatumbrellawhichJackboughtyou?正：IsthattheumbrellawhichJackboughtyou?正：Isthatumbrellatheone(that)Jackboughtyou?定语从句中还应避免成分的遗漏。疑问句可转换成陈述句，更易观察。ThatistheumbrellawhichJackboughtyou.ThatumbrellaistheonethatJackboughtyou.,Summary（总结）,作主语which,that,who不能省作宾语which,that,whom可省,关系代词,关系代词的特殊用法：,为不定代词被最高级，序数词修饰被thelast/only/one等词修饰既有人又有物以疑问词开头的句子,先行词,只用that,关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被such和thesame修饰，或句型asmany（much）中，从句都用as引导。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsago.注意：区别suchthat引导的结果状语从句。Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.thesamethat引导定语从句（指同一物）thesameas（同一种类）。Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.（同一工具）Iwanttousethesametoolasyouusedjustnow.(同一类，不同物）（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导，As正如，which这Hedidntpasstheexam,as/whichwehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.,关系副词的用法,when指时间=in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地点=in/at/from/whichwhy指原因=forwhich当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）Thisisthevillagewhere/inwhichIwasborn/Igrewup.Oct.10isthedaywhen/onwhichNewChinawasfoundedDoyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateagain?Idontlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.,区别：Lucywasbornintheplace_Wellvisittomorrow.Lucywasbornintheplace_Mr.Wanggrewup.,区别：Lucywillneverforgettheday_shespentwithyou.Lucywillneverforgettheday_hisfatherdied.,区别：Isthereason_hewaslatereasonable?Isthereason_hegavetheteacherreasonable?,that/which/不填,where,that/which/不填,when,why,that/which/不填,比较：Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.（句中one为先行词）Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.（句中students为先行词）比较：Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?,2005Youmaytakeanybook_.A.thatisinterestedinB.youareinterestinginC.youareinterestedinD.whichinterestyou,历年考题,2006Thisisthemostbeautifullake_Ihaveevervisited.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where,2007TheartisthandedeverythinghehadcollectedtothemuseumatlastAafterBwhenCwhatDthat,C,A,D,2008Taobaocomisapopularwebsitepeoplecansellandbuygoodsconv