LearningaboutLanguage (19).ppt

Learningaboutlanguage,Unit2Robots,Thekeystotheex.1,pleasure,triedpitygoawaywishdigital6.lookedat7.ridiculous8.stated,satisfaction,testedoutsympathyleavealonedesireringupscannedabsurddeclared,CheckinganswerI(2m),Thekeystoex.2:,scanfavourcushions/beddingsbeddings/cushionsclerksawfulturnaroundalarmsdeclaring,CheckinganswerII(5m),Grammar,-Passiveinfinitive,一.复习被动语态（RevisethePassiveVoice）英语动词有主动语态（theactivevoice）和被动语态(thepassivevoice)两种形式.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如：Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.（主动语态）Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(被动语态),转换规则：,用公式表示为:(主动)S+V+OS(O)+V(be+V-ed)+by+O(S)，如：MissLiisteachingmusicnow.,Musicisbeingtaught(byMissLi)now.,时,式,二.常见主被动时态变化一览表,am/is/arebeinggiven,has/havebeengiven,was/werebeinggiven,hadbeengiven,shall/willhavebeengiven,1.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.2.Thewaterisbeingturnedintovapour.3.Thoseroomshavenotbeencleanedyet.4.Hewasseentoentertheroom.5.Atthattimetheywerebeingshownhowtorunthemachine.6.Radioshadjustbeeninventedthen,andpeopleweretalkingaboutsendingpicturesbyelectricity.7.MadameCuriewillalwaysberememberedasthediscovereroftheelementradium.8.Beforeyoucomeback,thebuildingwillhavebeenfinished.,不定式被动式的用法:,不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,要用不定式的被动式.不定式的一般被动式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,又表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生;不定式的完成被动式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前.,Eg.Heorderedthebridgetobebuiltwithinthemonth.他命令在月内建成这座桥.(一般被动式)Shewasgladtohavebeengivensomuchhelp.得到如此多的帮助,她很高兴.(完成被动式),三.动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表,tobedone,tohavebeendone,(1)Themeetingtobeheldisofgreatimportance.(2)Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearisjustbetweentheonebuiltlastyearandtheonebeingbuiltnow.(3)Thishouseseemstohavebeenbuiltbyagoodarchitect.,Moreexamples:,通常在believe,suppose,say,report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如：,TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.,ItissaidthatMikeissickinbed.,Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.据说麦克卧床不起.,Peoplebelievethathewaskilled.,Itisbelievedthathewaskilled.,Heisbelievedtohavebeenkilled.大家相信他被杀了.,不定式的主动形式表被动在某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中，不定式用在形容词后面作状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，多用不定式的主动形式。这些形容词有nice,easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.这个问题很难计算出来。,在tooto;enoughto结构中，不定式可用主动形式或被动形式表示被动含义，但主动形式更常见。Thisbookistooexpensivetobuy/tobebought.这本书太贵了，买不起。Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein/tobelivedin.房子很大，足够住的。,单项选择:Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtobearule_.toneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking,B,2.Thetoolsintheworkshoparenotallowed_.A.takingoutB.totakeoutC.tobetakenoutD.beingtakenout,C,3.Thedam_bytheyear2010,willbenefitthewholecountry.beingcompletedB.tocompleteC.completedD.tobecompleted4.Herewefoundlittlesnow,asmostofitseemed_blownoffthemountain.tohavebeenB.tobeC.thatitwasD.thatithadbeen,D,A,5.Hesaidsuchathingought_tohappen.tobenotallowedB.nottobeallowingC.nottohaveallowedD.nottobeallowed6.Shetoldmethatherproposalneeded_intoconsideration.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobetakingD.tohavetaken,D,B,7.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported_twenty-fiveyearsagowhenDr.Adudonbecameitsfirstpresident.tobesetupB.beingsetupC.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetup,C,8.Largesumsofmoney_eachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges,ships,andotherexposedstructures.A.havespentB.havetobespentC.havetospendD.spend,B,高考链接:,1.Thefluisbelieved_byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.behavecaused,C,2.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told