人教必修四Unit1-主谓一致.ppt

主谓一致,Subject-VerbAgreement,WhatisS-Vagreement?,用动词的适当形式填空1.I_ateacher.(be)2.He_goodatswimming.(be)3.You_lateforschoolagain.(be)4.They_manynewbooks.(have)5.She_twosisters.(have),am,is,are,have,has,根据主语决定与其一致的单数或复数的谓语,在一般现在时的句子中,当主语是第三人称单数时(如:it,he,she,myfather,Kenssister等),谓语动词(在主语后的动词,be也是谓语动词)用单数.主要有以下几种变化:1.在词尾加s,如:look-looks2.以o,s,x,ch,sh,结尾的加es,如:go-goes,do-does/pass-passesfix-fixes/watch-watcheswash-washes,3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y改为i加-es,如:try-tries4.特殊变化(见一个记一个),如:have-has5.be的变化:be-is注意:过去式时,be-was,这时I也看作单数,用was特别注意不要与名词复数弄混啊!,主谓一致的定义英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则：1）语法一致2）意义一致；3）就近一致,1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语时,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。如：(is/are),语法一致,HeandI_bothstudentsofthisschool.,are,Horseandrat_bothanimals.,are,Thesingeranddancer_onthestage.,is,(2)如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。,Thegiftisusedtohavewesternmeals.Whatisit?,aknifeandfork,Aknifeandforkisusedtohavemeals.,Whatheisdoingveryimportant.(seem)他正在做的事情看起来很重要。Collectingstampshishobby.收集邮票是他的爱好,seems,is,Tom,whoyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.,2.如果主语是不定式，动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。,is,3、主语后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,including,but等引导的短语时,谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。,1.Theteacherwithtwostudents_atthemeeting.(was/were),2.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.,A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play,was,A,Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedNobodybutJane_thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown,4.连接的并列主语被each,every,no或manya修饰时，谓语动词用单数。,Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyand(manya)girlhasmadethesamemistake.,Eachmanandwoman_thesamerights.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.ishavingManyapassenger_killedintheaccident.由each,every,no,manya所修饰的名词，即使用and连接作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。,was,5.定语从句中,“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”从句的谓语动词复数。若在oneof前有the,theonly,thevery修饰时，从句的谓语动词则用单数。Eg:1.)Sheisoneofthesewomenwho_theviolinwell.2.)Sheistheoneofthesewomenwho_theviolinwell.,play,plays,6.在强调句中，如被强调的是句子的主语时，则that/who后面的谓语动词应与被强调的主语一致eg:1.)ItisMikewhoalways_metostudymathsafterclass.2.)ItwasIratherthantheythat_punishedbytheboss.,helps,was,概念一致原则,所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。,语言一致原则,1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,Alloftheapples_rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。Alloftheapple_rotten.整个苹果都烂了。不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,are,is,are,is,is,is,主谓一致,2、分数或百分数+of，therestof,themajorityof，halfof,someof，allof，mostof等作主语时,谓语动词的形式通常与of后面的名词或短语_。,保持一致,3.Hisfamilyisntverylarge.他的家族不是很大。4.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。归纳集体名词作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用_形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用_形式。此类名词有family，class,group，_等。,单数,复数,Theteam_somegoodplayers.(have)Theteam_handsome.(be),has,are,4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.,5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也没找到。,主谓一致,6.名词如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数.如:,主谓一致,7.形复意单名词如:news;以ics结尾的学科名称如:physics,mathematics;国名如:theUnitedStates;报纸名如:theNewTimes;书名如:ArabianNights;以及theUnitedNations等作主语;谓语动词要用单数.如:,8.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:thepoor,therich,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead等,就近一致,主谓一致,1.由here,there,where引导的倒装句中,(有时主语不止一个时),谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.,就近一致,.用连词or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等连接的并列主语,或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:,NeitheryounorI_wrong.There_acupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.,am,is,一、用be的适当形式填空。1.Nothingbutcars_soldintheshop.因有连词but，所以谓语形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人称单数。2.Seventypercentofthestudentsinourschool_fromthecountryside.百分数作主语，谓语动词的形式通常与of后面的名词或短语保持一致。,is,are,3.Thenumberofthepeopleinvited_fifty，butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.因为Thenumberof.(的数量)作主语,谓语动词用单数形式；而anumberof.表示“许多”所以谓语动词用复数形式。4.Apoetandartist_comingtospeaktousaboutpaintingtomorrowafternoon.Apoetandartist指“诗人兼画家”，所以谓语动词用单数形式。,is,was,were,5.Thewholefamily_watchingTV.family是集体名词，强调个体，所以谓语动词用复数形式。6.Walkingandriding_goodexercises.walkingandriding(步行和骑车)是不同的概念，所以谓语动词用复数形式。,are,are,7.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_agoodhabit.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly表示同一概念，所以谓语动词用单数形式。8.Yourshoes_black.shoes为复数名词，所以谓语动词用复数形式。,is,are,9.Thispairoftrousers_toolongforhim.“pair/piece/kindof+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair，piece，kind等词的形式保持一致。常见名词有trousers，glasses，gloves，shoes，slippers等。10.Whatweneed_doctors.what在句中指代复数名词doctors，所以谓语动词用复数形式。,is,are,二、动词填空,1.EitheryourstudentsorMr.Wang_(know)this.either.or.连接两个并列主语，谓语动词根据就近原则来判断。2.Eachboyandeachgirl_(want)toservethepeopleinfuture.两个并列的名词前如果有each，every，no，manya等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。,knows,wants,3.Manyaship_(damage)inthestorm.manya+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。4.Morethanonestudent_(see)thefilm.morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。,wasdamaged,hasseen,5.Betweenthetwowindows_(hang)apicture.在倒装句中,谓语动词的形式与其后的主语保持一致。6.Thosewho_(want)togopleasesignyournamehere.定语从句的谓语动词根据先行词作变化。,hangs,want,7.Theblind_(study)inspecialschool.表示类别的the+形容词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。8.Sofar，everypossiblemeans_(try)tosavetheminersstuckinthemine.means为单复数形式相同的名词，而且every接单数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。,hasbeentried,study,9.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_(notdecide)yet.动词不定式(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。10.Tenminutes_(seem)anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.当主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。,hasnotbeendecided,seems,三、完成句子,1.钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。Theironandsteelindustry_.2.他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant，which_.,greatlyupsetsme,3.许多男孩喜欢踢足球。Manyaboy_.4.到目前为止，这两条新铁路线的工程建设已经结束。Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines_bynow.,hasbeencompleted,likesplayingfootball,5.除经理以外，所有的职员都被鼓励在家中通过网络联机工作。Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager_athome.6.他是唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的学生。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_forthreeyears.,7.每一名学生都在努力学习功课，希望能够升入大学。Eachofthestudents，workinghardathisorherlessons,_.8.与我一样，简和玛丽厌倦了一次又一次的考试。NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_.,hopestogotouniversity,9.他的“诗选”于1999年第一次出版。HisSelectedPoems_in1999.10.你的裤子太脏了，应该马上洗洗。Yourtrousers_thatyoushould_atonce.,washthem,wasfirstpublished,aresodirty,1Oneortwodays_enoughtoseethecityAisBareCamDbe2NeithermywifenorImyself_abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindAisBareCamDbe,Exercises:,3NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranotherAisBareCamDbe4Nottheteacher，butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmAisBareCamDbe,5NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayAwasBwereChasbeenDhavebeen6Awomanwithsomechildren_soonAiscomingBarecomingChascomeDhavecome,7Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis。AknowBknowsCisknownDareknown8Theteacheraswellasthestudents_thebookalreadyAhasreadBhavereadCarereadingDisreading9Allbutone_intheaccidentAwaskilledBwerekilledCwillbekilledDarekilled,10.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be11.Alibrarywithfive