高2-5模块-3单元Grammar.ppt

张月孔国庆李霞邓卫东,Grammarandusage,Verb-edformVerb-edphrasesVerb-ingandverb-edusedasadjectives,Verb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverbinasentenceservingas(充当)attribute(定语),predicative(表语)andobjectcomplement(宾语补足语),Whentheverb-edformisusedasanattribute,itcanbechangedintoanattributiveclause.Theverb-edformcanalsobeusedasanadverbmodifying(修饰)someverbssuchasstand,sit,lieetc.toshowthetwoactionshappeningatthesametime.,Verb-edform,Pleaseidentifythepartsofspeech(词性)oftheverb-edformindifferentsentences.,1)Thehandwrittennotesarefromjack.,2)Thekidnapperswereusingastolencar.,3)Adark-hairedmanwentintotheroom.,adjective,4)Thecakewasleftuntouchedonthetable.,5)Thegirllaytrappedunderthewreckage(船舶残骸).,adverb,Thefunctionsofverb-edform,1.attribute(定语),1)Asingleverb-edcanappearbeforeanounmodifyingthenounlikeanadjective.Itcanbechangedintoanattributiveclause.,Weshoulddrinkboiledwater.,Weshoulddrinkwaterwhichhasbeenboiled.,Theytooktheinjuredwomantothenearbyhospitalatonce.,Theytookthewomanwhowasinjuredtothenearbyhospitalatonce.,2)Generallyspeaking(一般说来),theverb-edformoftransitiveverbs(及物动词)expressespassivemeaningswhiletheverb-edformofintransitiveverbs(不及物动词)expressesactiveandpastmeanings.Someverb-edsbeforenounscanexpresspastmeanings,suchasescaped,retiredandfallen.,theescapedcriminal逃犯,past,thedevelopedcountries发达国家,past,awidelyusedlanguage,passive,theretiredscientist,past,thehighlypraisedscientist,passive,fallenleaves落叶,past,therisensun升起的太阳,past,theexploitedclasses被剥削阶级,passive,3)Averb-edphrasecanappearafteranountomodifythenounlikeanattributiveclausedoes.,Thenamementionedintheletterwasunknowntome.,Thenamewhichwasmentionedintheletterwasunknowntome.,Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.,Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhoweretrappedinthefire.,Scientificexperimentscarriedoutbystudentswithouttheteachersinstructionscanbedangerous.,Scientificexperimentswhicharecarriedoutby,4)Averb-edcanbepartofacompound(复合词)withanadverboranounbeforeit.,aso-calledprofessor,homemadepizza,awell-acceptedidea,ahighly-respectedprofessor,awell-paidjob,一个所谓的教授,自制的比萨饼,广泛接受的想法,极受尊重的教授,报酬颇丰的工作,underdevelopedregions,不发达地区,handmadefurniture,手工制作的家具,5)Averb-edcanalsobeusedasanon-restrictiveattribute(非限定性定语)whichisseparatedfromthenounitmodifiesbyacomma(逗号).,Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.,Thebooks,whichwerewrittenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.,Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.,Themeeting,whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.,2.predicative(表语)Itcanbeputaftersomelink-verbs(系动词)suchas:be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain,stay,become,1)Edisonbecameinterestedinsciencewhenhewasveryyoung.,2)Thelittleboywasveryexcitedwhenheheardthathecouldgototheparty.,3.Objectcomplement(宾语补足语)Itcanbeusedaftersomeverbssuchas:see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep,1)AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood.,2)Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.,3)Shefoundthedoorlocked.,4.Averb-edcanbeusedafterverbslikestand,sitandlietoshowthatthetwoactionsarehappeningatthesametime.,Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.,Thegirllayinbedandwaslostinthought.,Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.,Theboysatatthetableandwasburiedinhishomework.,KeyforExerciseA:(1)disappointed(2)puzzled(3)excited(4)thrilled(5)interested(6)bored,KeyforExerciseB:,2.Theproblemscreatedbycloningwillsoonbeclear.,3.Wedontwantbeastsproducedbyscientiststoreplaceusoneday.,4.Thetechnologyusedisamazing.,5.Theonlythingneededisjustacellfromyouroldpet.,Theusageofverb-edphrases,Averb-edphraseisactuallyaverb-edfollowedbyanobjector/andadverbial.Theverb-edphrasescanbeusedastheadverbial(状语)toexpressthetime,thereasonandcondition,1.Averb-edphrasecanbeaverb-edonitsown.Itcanalsobefollowedbyanobjectand/oradverbial.,1)Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed.,2)Shelefttherestaurant,disappointedwiththebadservice.,3)Heated,waterchangesintosteam.,4)Thegirlwassenttothehospital,seriouslyinjured.,5)Thegirlwassenttothehospital,seriouslyinjuredinthecaraccident.,2.Passiveverb-edphrasescanexpresstime,reasonandcondition.Wecanuseadverbialclauses(状语从句)torewritethephrases.,1)time,Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.,Whentheparkisseenfromthehill,itlooksverybeautiful.,Whencompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.,Whenitiscompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.,Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.,Onceitisseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.,2)reason,Frightenedbythethunderandlightninginthenight,thegirldidnotdaresleepaloneinherownroom.,Becauseshewasfrightenedbythethunderandlightninginthenight,thegirldidnotdaresleepaloneinherownroom.,Lostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.,Becausehewaslostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.,3)condition,Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.,Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.,Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.,Unlessyouareinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.,Comparedwithotherprofessors,shewasanexcellentspeaker.,(=Ifshewascomparedwithotherprofessors.),3.Understoodsubject(逻辑主语),1)Theunderstoodsubjectisusuallythesameasthesubjectofthemainclause.(refertotheabovesentences),2)Whenverb-edisusedasadverbial(状语)orpredicative(表语),itsunderstoodsubjectisthesubjectofthemainsentence.,Shebecamediscouragedatthenews.,3)动词ed形式作定语时,它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。,ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.,4)verbed形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是被动关系。,Viviengotherfingerstrappedinthebicyclechain.,(trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers),Thevaluablevasewasfoundstolen.,(stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase),Wegothomeonlytofindthewholehouseturnedupsidedown.Thievesobviouslyhadbrokenin.,(turnedupsidedown的逻辑主语是句子的宾语house),KeytoExerciseA,2.Encouragedbyherteachers,Suziedidwellatschool.,3.Inspiredbyhisgrandfather,thechildwrotemorepoems.,4.Boredbythegame,thedogwillnotplayanymore.,Verb-ingandverb-edusedasadjectives,Rea