高2-6模块2单元grammar.ppt

Module6Unit2GrammarandUsage,一般过去时一般过去时用来表示过去的动作及状态.表示过去的习惯常用usedtodo,woulddo表示.2.一般过去时常连用表过去的时间状语，状语从句甚至其它类型从句和表过去的地点状语，地点状语从句来限定一发生过的动作.3.一般过去时和现在完成时均表示发生在过去的动作,但前者侧重过去的事实,后者侧重过去的动作对现在的影响.,*-Longtimenosee.Haventyougraduatedfromcollege?-YesIEnglishfor4yearsinNantong.*-What_it,Ted?-Justapaininmyshoulder.Itsgonenow.A.wasB.is,havestudied,studied,A,试比较:IcantentertheroomnowbecauseI_(lose)mykey.Icantfindmytextbooknow,butI_(put)ithere.,havelost,put,过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作.与alwayscontinually,constantly等词连用表示过去的经常动作,往往带有感情色彩.用于表述故事的发生背景Itwasgettingdarkandthewindwasrising.,过去进行时在近年高考中的考查:Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.-Wherewasi?-You_youdidntlikeyourfathersjob.(04北京)A.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.hadbeensaying2.YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.(04广东)-Oh,I_forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited,C,A,3.HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?-Ihavenoidea.He_itthismorning.(04吉林)A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone4.Whatswrongwithyourcoat?(05重庆)-JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttome_onit.A.satB.hadsatC.hadbeensittingD.wassitting,C,D,一般过去时和过去进行时的区别1.一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与justnow,amomentago,yesterday,lastweek(month,year),thedaybeforeyesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如Iwassixteenyearsoldlastyear.Heworkedinafactoryin1986.Imetherinthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.Heoftenswamintheriverwhenhewasyoung.,2.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，atthattime/moment,(at)thistimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week),at+点钟+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday)，whensb.didsth等时间状语从句。Whatwereyoudoingatsevenp.m.yesterday?IfirstmetMarythreeyearsago.Shewasworkingataradioshopatthetime.Iwascookingwhensheknockedatthedoor.,3.一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。IsawyouwhileyouwerespeakingtoJoan.注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：Shewrotealettertoherfriendlastnight.她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）Shewaswritingalettertoherfriendlastnight.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信.（信不一定写完）,4.过去进行时的时间状语从句(1).when和while引导的状语从句while表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：When/Whilewewerehavingsupper,thelightwentout.(2).when用作并列连词时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomeonecalledme.我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。,5.下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：(1).表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。Tomwasgettingupatsixoclockeverydaythatweek.汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。(2).与always,constantly等连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。Johnwasalwayscomingtoschoollate.Hewasalwaysdoinggooddeedsfortheneighbors.(3).用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：Itwasadarknight.Thewindwasblowinghardandtherainwasfallingheavily.APLAmansuddenlyappearedontheriverbank.Hewantedtocrosstheriver.,(4).go,come,leave,start,arrive等位移动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：IwasleavingforWuhanthatday.那天我正要去武汉。Shewascominglater.她随后就来。,6.过去进行时表示婉转语气（只限于want,hope,wonder等动词），用以提出请求,如：Iwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme.Iwashopingyoucouldsendmehome.,过去完成时1.表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作完成之前的情况.往往具备以下两个特征之一:(1)句中常用by,before,until引导过去某一时间状语.Theyhadlearned5000wordsbytheendoflastyear.(2)出现在主从句中,两个发生在过去的动作有明显的先后关系.,Hardlyhadherunintotheroomwhentherainbegantocomedown.2.表示过去未曾实现的希望,打算,意图,用于如下动词:want,hope,think,expect,intend,mean,suppose,plan.IhadmeanttobuyapresentforyouinParis,butmyworkranoutofmytime.,过去完成时与一般过去时(1).历史事实通常用一般过去时表示，如：TheylearnedthatLincolnledtheAmericanWar.HetoldthestudentsthatHitlerkilledmillionsofJews.(2).过去完成时可以代替一般过去时，表示惊奇.Isawhercoming,butinaminute,shehaddisappeared.Theywantedtokeepitasecret,butafewdayslater,everyonehadknownit.,3.当主从复合句中有after,before引导的时间状语从句时,用过去完成时的地方可用一般过去时.He(had)finishedallthehomeworkbeforehispatentsgothome.AfterI(had)hadashortbreak,Iwentontoworkouttheproblem.,过去完成进行时过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别在于前者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的持续进行而后者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的完成结果.Iwastiredout;Ihadbeenreadingforhoursinarow.Ihadbeenwaitingfornearlyanhourbeforehecame.,过去将来时相对于过去某时即将发生的动作,常用于宾语从句中.*Nooneknewwhenhewasgoingtocome.*IdidntknowwhentheywereleavingforShanghai.,一般将来时1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态.Iwillbebackinafewdays.2.表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.Welldiewithoutairandwater.Waterwillboilifheated.,一般将来时的常见表达形式,will/begoingto的区别1.will表示说话人认为或相信将会发生但现在看不见的动作而begoingto表示现在即可看出的现象*Itsgoingtorain.*Ithinktheboatwillsinkwhenatsea.2.will表示说话时决定的动作而begoingtodo表示原来的计划*Holdonplease.Illwriteitdownjustincase.*Themeetingisgoingtostartat7.,beto表示禁止,命令等.Noone_leaveherewithoutmypermission.A.willB.isto2.表示计划,安排.Therestobeasportsmeetingnextweekend.3.表示要求,责任.Theworkisto/shouldbefinishedby7today.4.Beto可用于if从句.Ifyouaretocometomorrow,Iwillbeveryhappy.,B,beaboutto表示最近的将来,意味立刻,马上.不可和时间状语连用.*Tissueplease?Imabouttosneeze.*Move!Thecarisabouttoblowup.,bedoing英语中某些词如come,go,arrive,leave,stay,do,take,have等可以用其进行时态表示将来.-Hurry,Tom!yourelate.-Imcoming,mum.,将来进行时1.表示将来某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作.Illbewaitingforyouherethistimeeveryyear.Thebosswillbeenjoyinghisholidaytomorrow.Socallhimnow.,2.表示即将或按计划在未来要发生的事情,主语为第一人称时往往含有期盼情感.Illbeseeingmygrandmanextmonth.Theywillbeseparatinginthesummer.,将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响.通常与by引导的时间状语连用.Bytomorrowmorningtheweatherwillhaveclearedup.Bytheendofthismonththeprojectwillhavebeenfinished.,近年高考中时态考查示例例1：考查过去完成时例题：2001上海春：Thenewsuspensionbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned解析：by(theendof)lastmonth是过去完成时的典型的时间状语.悬挂大桥是被设计,用过去完成时的被动形式.答案:B,演变:JohnandI_friendsforeightyears.WefirstwenttoknoweachotherataChristmaspartyButwe_eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;haveseenB.havebeen;haveseenC.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen点拨：约翰和我(到现在)已经做朋友8年,用现在完成时;后面是在过去某时间前已经见过几次,用过去完成时.答案:D小结：过去完成时描述一动作先于另一动作完成，可由时间状语来反映，如：by,bytheendof,before,after等；但更多的是由句子含义来决定。,例2：考查一般将来时例题：2004高考全国卷：Letskeeptothepointorwe_anydecisions.AwillneverreachBhaveneverreachedCneverreachDneverreached解析：本题考查一般将来时的基本用法，理清句子结构和含义：让我们紧扣主题,否则的话,我们将达不成任何决定.答案:A演变:06江苏卷34：Apoetandartist_comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were点拨：apoetandartist一个诗人兼画家,做主语用单数谓语形式;时态是明天下午将来,用进行时表将来.答案:A小结：对于一般将来时的掌握，特别要能记住和区分它的各种表达形式，如：betodosth,bedoing,begoingtodo,willdo,beabouttodo,一般现在时表将来等。,例3：考查过去进行时例题：ShirleyabookaboutChinalastyearbutIdontknowwhethershehasfinished.AhaswrittenBwroteChadwrittenDwaswriting解析：本题一定要考虑后半句“但是我不知道他是否已完成”，所以应理解成去年（我看到他时），他当时正在写一本书。用过去进行时。答案：D演变:2005太原质检：-Sorrytohaveinterruptyou.Pleasegoon.-WherewasI?-You_youdidntlikeyourfathersjob.A.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.hadbeensaying点拨：注意情景隐藏的时间状语:在你被打断的时候,你正在讲.用过去进行时.答案:C小结：现在的题目一般不会给你明显的时间状语，往往要很好地理解情景，去挖掘隐含的时间状语。,Consolidation:91-Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?-Notyet.Therooms_.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting91Thestudents_busilywhenMrsBrownwenttogetabookshe_intheoffice.A.hadwritten;leftB.werewriting;hasleftC.hadwritten;hadleftD.werewriting;hadleft,92WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMary_almostanhour.A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleftD.hadbeenaway92-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming92Tom_intothehousewhennoone_.A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;lookedC.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslipping;looked,93ThepenI_I_isonmydesk,rightundermynose.A.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;havelost94Idontreallyworkhere;I_untilthenewsecretaryarrives.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout,95-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.Itold95IdontthinkJimsawme;he_intospace.A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared96Helen_herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome,97-Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?-I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did98Shirley_abo