太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案07-2

07-1 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 point each)21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive forpath-breaking innovation will eventually dry up. A. investment B. resource C. inspiration D. stimulus22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despitethe appalling workingconditions. A. bewildering B. exasperating C. dismaying D. upsetting23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting andphotography. A. all at once B. by and by C. to some extent D. on the whole24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about theconsequences. A. optimistic B. anxious C. uncertain D. scared25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents wishes. A. enhanced B. revised C. alternated D. modified26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.A. arisen from B. contributed to C. patched up D. participated in27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurorsprevailed.A. resigned B. compromised C. persisted D. dominated28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jeffersoncontended that the countryshould remain chiefly agricultural. A. inclined B. struggled C. argued D. competed 29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.A. on occasion B. at present C. by now D. for sure 30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifyingvictims families.A. brieflyB. quickly C. accurately D. earnestlySection B (0.5 point each)31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _ in the world. A. neighborhoods B. communities C. clusters D. assemblies32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _ a threat to human health and marine life. A.compose B. impose C. expose D. pose33. Some states in the US have set _ standards concerning math and science tests. A. energeticB.vigorous C. rigorous D. grave34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized _. A. presentation B. instruction C. conviction D.obligation35. Because of _ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along witheach other. A. incomprehensible B. incomparable C. inconceivable D. incompatible36. As _China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthenanti-corruption activities are gaining momentum. A. in the light of B. in the event ofC. in the case of D. in the course of37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers _ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink. A. end up B. take up C. put up D. turn up38. Strangely enough, an old man _ me and introduced himself, who turned out tobe a friend of my fathers. A. stood up to B. walked up to C. lived up to D. added up to39. Many children often _ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humanscannot. A. assume B. anticipate C. assure D. wonder40. The FDA was created to _ the safety of products, review applications and grantapprovals. A. manipulate B. adjust C. regulate D. managePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorterco-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study.Height 41 career success, says Timothy Judge, a University of Floridaprofessor of management, who led the study. These findings are troubling since, with afew 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height issomething essential required for job 43 , Judge points out. Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followedthousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work andpersonal lives. If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, were talkingabout literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall personenjoys, Judge said. Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance-a supervisors 46 of how effective someone is- and 47 measures of performance-such assales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Otherpeople may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving theman edge in negotiating states, he says. The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making fight or run decisions. 41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for 42.A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems 43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment 44.A. on B. with C. over D. to 45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. lossD. necessity 46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation 47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D.initiative 48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue 49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations 50.A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage One At the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his classnotes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmateturned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographedtest questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. Theuniversity put in place a new examination-supervision system. If theyd spend as muchtime studying, theyd all be A students, says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College ofSciences of UNLV. With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. Andcollege officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fightwould-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams betaken with pens and paper. It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad, said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who justfinished his third year at PepperdineUniversity in California. He had to take his examson paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism(剽窃) inwriting papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other peoples writingsoff the Internet without attributing them. Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of themindset, not the tools at hand. Some people put too much emphasis on where theyregoing to go in the future, and all theyre thinking about is graduate school and the nextstep, said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure tosucceed sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldntdo. Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat,posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said thatthey rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teachstudents not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating _. A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail device B. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmates C. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _. A. should be severely punished for their dishonesty B. didnt have much time to study before the exam C. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enough D. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system 53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to_. A. use many high-tech devices B. cut off Internet access on campusC. turn to the oral exanimation formsD. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, _. A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheating B. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinations D. it was more difficult for him to lift other peoples writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating? A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future. B. Letting students know that honesty is more important. C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat. D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_.A. Cheating Has Gone High-tech B. Game of Cat and Mouse C. A New Examination-supervision System D. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage Two Top marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs withhuge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms andlegs. So, does your physical shape-and the way your body works-fit you for aparticular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport? Its about 55:45, genes to the environment, says Mike Rennie, professor of clinicalphysiology at Britains University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the caseof identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other apowerful sportsman, so, They look quite different, despite being identical twins. Someone whos 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketballplayer. Still, being over two meters tall wont automatically push you to Olympic gold.Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment,medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain, said Craig Sharp, professor ofsports science at Britains Brunel University. Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Baths sportsdevelopment department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique.In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, sotechnique is vital. Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeenyears ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program,which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One oftheir first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never pickedup an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensivetraining, she won gold in womens rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of geneticknowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but alsofor performance genes.57. It can be concluded from the passage that_. A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons success B. training conditions are more important for sportspersons success C. genes are more important for sportspersons success D. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_. A. environment can help determine peoples body shape B. genes are the decisive factors for peoples body shape C. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sports D. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for asportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal? A. The physical strength. B. The right training conditions. C. The talent for the sports.D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because_. A. she had the talent for rowing B. her body shape was right for a rower C. she had the performance genes D. she was a skillful rower61. The word elite in Paragraph 5 means _ . A. the most wealthy B. the most skilled C. the most industrious D. the most intelligent 62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess_. A. the best body shapes and an iron purpose B. the extremes of the right physique and strong wills C. the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD. the right physique and genes for sportsPassage Three For years, a network of citizens groups and scientific bodies has been claiming thatscience of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them? Exxons involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the worlds most profitablecorporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any othercompany from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobilneeds to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change.But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that whichmaintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So whats itsstrategy? The website E, using data found in the companys official documents,lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely withthose that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that thescience is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, andif governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering theglobal economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeledjunk science. The findings they welcome are labeled sound science. This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On thewhole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such asthe discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They willcontinue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, JohnChristy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figureswere incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by manyof these groups, as a quick internet search will show you. While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of theclimate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. Bydominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years inwhich urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seedingdoubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justifiedthe money their sponsors have spent on them many times over.63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish theirposition on climate change? A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists. B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists. C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to bogus (in Paragraph 4)? A. Reasonable. B. Fake. C. Limitless. D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_. A. how closely these organizations work with scientists B. how these organizations select scientific findings for theirownpurpose C. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveries D. how one mans mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon _. A. have lived up to their promises B. have almost caused worldwide chaos C. have failed to achieve their original goal D. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on_.A. Exxons involvement in scientific scandals B. Exxons contributions to the issue of climate change C. Exxons role in delaying solutions to global warming D. Exxons efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the authors tone in presenting the passage?A. Factual. B. Praiseful. C. Biased. D. Encouraging.Passage Four Where anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near deaths door at theturn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21stcentury. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageingtreatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue thatliving longer is an attractive idea, the rapid increase in the number of years begs aquestion: Can our health expectancy be a