OfStudies翻译与鉴赏解读.ppt

OfStudies翻译与鉴赏,LecturedbyZhuJianping,作者简介、主要内容和文体风格,1.作者简介FrancisBacon(1561-1626)：文艺复兴时期英国著名哲学家和散文家；英国唯物主义哲学奠基人，近代实验科学的先驱；崇尚科学，提倡从研究事实中归纳出结论，反对从概念到概念的演绎。2.主要内容1）读书的作用；2）读书的方法。3.文体风格1）多排句、类比、短句、省略句；2）文字紧凑简洁，文句机智精辟，分析周密深刻，“颇似我国唐宋某些古文大师的风格”3）格言警句俯拾即是4）文词古雅,1,Studiesservefor1delight,forornament2,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring3;forornament,isindiscourse4;andforability,isinthejudgement,anddispositionofbusiness5.释义1servefor起作用，被用作（servethepurposeofstudy）2ornament装饰/装饰品；此处指多读书可以旁征博引，显得有才学。3privateness私有/秘密/不公开/(地方等)隔绝/隐蔽/幽僻retiring=retirement退休/职/役；离群索居/孑然独处privatenessandretiring幽居独处4discourse演讲/讲道；谈话/交谈5disposition(安排/布置/处理management)ofbusiness(事情/事务),Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgement,anddispositionofbusiness.译文1：读书给人乐趣、文雅和能力。人们独居或退隐的时候，最能体会到读书的乐趣；谈话的时候，最能表现出读书的文雅；判断和处理事物的时候，最能发挥由读书而获得的能力。译文2：读书可以怡情养性，可以摭1拾文采，可以增长才干。在幽居独处时，最能体现其怡情养性的作用；在友朋交谈中，最能体现其摭拾文采的作用；在处世论事之际，最能体现其增长才干的作用。译文3：读书足以怡情，足以傅2彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。1摭(zh)：拾取/摘取(pickup;gather)2傅：涂抹（如“傅粉”）,2,Forexpertmen1canexecute2,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars3,onebyone;butthegeneralcounsels4,andtheplots,andmarshallingofaffairs5,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.1专家/能手/内行/阅历丰富的人2carryout/performanaction;toputintoeffect执行3aseparatecaseoranindividualthingorinstance,especiallyonethatcanbedistinguishedfromalargercategoryorclass.Oftenusedintheplural细节/部分/个别问题4counsel:somethingthatprovidesdirectionoradviceastoadecisionorcourseofaction忠告/劝告/建议generalcounsel总的计划/大计5plots:asecretschemetodosomething(especiallysomethingunderhandorillegal(秘密)计划/密谋/谋划/出谋划策marshal:arrangeinlogicalorder;makereadyforactionoruse安排/使准备行动/统率/管理affairs事务theplots,andmarshallingofaffairs对事务的计划和安排,Forexpertmen1canexecute2,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars3,onebyone;butthegeneralcounsels4,andtheplots,andmarshallingofaffairs5,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.译文1：那些有实际经验而没有学识的人，也许能够一一实行或判断某些事物的细微末节，但对于事业的一般指导、筹划与处理，还是真正有学问的人才能胜任。译文2：阅历丰富的人虽能逐一判断或处理具体问题，但出谋划策，统筹全局，唯有博学之士最能胜任。译文3：练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。,3,Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudies,issloth1;tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation2;tomakejudgementwhollybytheirrules3,isthehumour4ofascholar.1懒散/懒惰2装模作样/故弄玄虚/矫揉造作矫情3完全按规则/规章/规定/条例；完全按书本的条条框框4acharacteristic(habitualorrelativelytemporary)stateoffeeling心境/情绪/性情/脾气（古义），此处指怪癖,Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudies,issloth1;tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation2;tomakejudgementwhollybytheirrules3,isthehumour4ofascholar.译文1：耗费过多时间去读便是迟滞，过分用学问自炫便是矫揉造作，而全凭学理判断一切，则是书呆子的癖好。译文2：读书费时过多则懒散；过于追求文采显得矫揉造作；全凭书中条条框框论事，未免书生气过重。译文3：读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。,4,They1perfect2nature3,andareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilities4arelikenaturalplants,thatneedproyning5bystudy;andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforth6directionstoomuchatlarge7,except8they1beboundedin9byexperience.1=studies2使完美/完善/改善3天然/天性/性格/性质4天生的能力5proyning(古)=pruning=cultivation修剪枝叶/栽培6giveforth发出(气味)/发表(意见等)7(toomuch)atlarge(过于)笼统/含糊/任意/不着边际/不具体8(古义)=unless9bound(vt.)：限制/制约beboundedin(adv.)=bechecked限制,They1perfect2nature3,andareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilities4arelikenaturalplants,thatneedproyning5bystudy;andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforth6directionstoomuchatlarge7,excepttheybeboundedin8byexperience.译文1：学问能美化人性，经验又能充实学问。天生的植物需要人工修剪，人类的本性也需要学问诱导，而学问本身又必须以经验来规范，否则便太迂阔了。译文2：须知读书固可补天然之不足，而经验又补读书之不足。因为天生才干犹如天然花木，需靠读书修枝剪叶。而书本知识如不以经验相制约，其教导也难免过于笼统。译文3：读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。,5,Craftymen1condemnstudies,simplemen2admirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse3;butthat4isawisdomwithout5them6,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.1有手艺的人/有一技之长的人/掌握了技术的人2迟钝的人/头脑简单的人/无知的人/浅薄的人3they=studies；学问本身并不教人如何使用它们4=theirownuse书本的用处5=outside6=studies书本/学问,Craftymen1condemnstudies,simplemen2admirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse3;butthat4isawisdomwithout5them6,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.译文1：技巧的人轻视学问，浅薄的人惊服学问，聪明的人却能利用学问。因为学问本身并不曾把它的用途教给人，至于如何去应用它，那是在学问之外，超越学问之上、由观察而获得的一种聪明呢！译文2：有实际才干的人鄙薄书本；头脑简单的人羡慕书本；只有聪明人才会运用书本。因为书籍本身并不教人如何运用，运用之道，乃在书外，且高于书本，唯有通过观察才能学到。译文3：有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。,6,Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.译文1：读书不是为着要辩驳，也不是要盲目信从，更不是去找寻谈话的资料，而是要去权衡和思考。译文2：读书时不可存心与作者辩难，不可以轻信盲从，也不可寻章摘句，作为谈助，而须权衡与琢磨。译文3：读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。,7,Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously1;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy2,andextractsmadeofthembyothers3;butthatwouldbe4,onlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbook;else5distilledbooks6arelikecommondistilledwaters,flashy7things.1(古义)=attentively/carefully2由人代读;deputy:apersonappointedorempoweredtoactforanother代理人3=youmayreadtheextractsmadeofthembyothers4=oughttobe5=orelse否则6指别人摘录或重述的书7givingamomentaryorsuperficialimpressionofbrilliance浮华/虚饰/炫耀一时/华而不实的,Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously1;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy2,andextractsmadeofthembyothers3;butthatwouldbe4,onlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbook;else5distilledbooks6arelikecommondistilledwaters,flashythings.译文1：有的书只需浅尝，有的书可以狼吞，有的书要细嚼烂咽，慢慢消化。也就是说，有的书只需选读，有的书只需浏览，有的书却必须全部精读。有的书不必去读原本，读读它们的节本就够了，但这仅限于内容不太重要的二流书籍；否则，删节过的往往就像蒸馏水一样，淡而无味。译文2：有的书浅尝即可，有的书可以狼吞虎咽，少数书籍则需咀嚼消化。换言之，有的书只须阅读一部分，另一些读时可不求甚解，但少数则须通读，且须勤勉而专心。有的书也可以请人代读，然后读其所作摘要；但仅限于题材比较次要以及比较寻常的书。否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，成为淡而无味的东西。译文3：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。,8,Readingmakethafullman1;conference2areadyman3;andwriting4anexactman5.1充实的人2会议/讨论/商谈3(思维)敏捷的人4做笔记或札记5准确/精确/严谨/严格的人,Readingmakethafullman1;conference2areadyman3;andwritinganexactman4.译文1：读书使人渊博，辩论使人机敏，写作使人精细。译文2：读书使人充实，讨论使人机敏，作笔记使人精确。译文3：读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。,9,Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhave1agreatmemory;ifheconfer2little,hehadneedhaveapresent3wit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning4,toseemtoknowthat5hedothnot.1=oughttohave应该有2商谈/商议/商讨3(古)即可可用/应急/随时在手边的apresentwit机智/急智/急才4狡猾/奸诈5=what,Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhave1agreatmemory;ifheconfer2little,hehadneedhaveapresent3wit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning4,toseemtoknowthat5hedothnot.译文1：如果一个人很少写作，他就需要有很强的记忆力；如果他很少辩论，就需要有急智；如果他很少读书，就需要很狡猾，对自己不懂的事情，假装知道。译文2：不常作笔记的人须有很强的记忆力，不常讨论的人须有急智，不常读书的人则须十分乖巧，方能不知而佯作知之。译文3：因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。,10,Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtile1;naturalphilosophy2deep;moral3grave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend4.Abeuntstudiainmores5.1(古)=subtle2(古)自然科学3=moralphilosophy伦理学4争夺/竞争/辩论/据理力争5(拉)培根自己的解释：Studieshaveaninfluenceuponthemannersofthosethatareconversantin(了解/熟悉)them.(专心学问者，性格也受陶冶),Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtile1;naturalphilosophy2deep;moral3grave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend4.Abeuntstudiainmores5.译文1：历史使人聪明，诗歌使人富于想象，数学使人精确，自然哲学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑学和修辞学使人善辩。总之，读书能陶冶个性。译文2：读历史使人明智，读诗使人机灵，数学使人周密，自然科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑与修辞使人能言善辩。专心致学者，性格也受陶冶。译文3：读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。,11,Nay1,thereisnostond2orimpedimentinthewit3,but4maybewroughtout5byfitstudies:likeas6diseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins7;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.1不仅如此2(古)=hindrance/stoppage阻碍3=inthemind;wit心智4=thatnot(关系代词)5=beworkedout得到解决6=as7睾丸和肾脏；一解“结石(病)和肾”,Nay1,thereisnostond2orimpedimentinthewit3,but4maybewroughtout5byfitstudies:likeas6diseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins7;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.译文1：不仅如此，读书并且可以铲除一切心理上的障碍，正如适当的运动能够矫治身体上的一些疾病一般。例如：滚球游戏有益于肾脏；射箭有益于胸肺；散步有益于肠胃；骑马有益于头部等等。译文2：心智方面的种种障碍，无不可读适当之书加以排除，正如身体百病，皆可以适当的运动治疗。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。译文3：人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。,12,Soifamanswit1bewandering2,lethimstudythemathematics;forindemonstrations3,ifhiswitbecalledaway4never5solittle,hemustbeginagain.Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishorfinddifferences,lethimstudytheschoolmen6;fortheyarecyminisectores7.Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters8,andtocalluponething,toproveandillustrateanother9,lethimstudythelawyerscases;soeverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt10.1心智