主谓一致课堂使用.ppt

Subject-VerbAgreement主谓一致,Grammar,在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。,(一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.,1).ToholdtheOlympicGames_arichprizeforacountry.(be),2).Choosingwhattoeat_nolongeraseasyasitoncewas.,is,is,由what,who,why,how,whether等引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，(但所指的具体内容为复数意义，则可以用复数形式.Whatweneedareteachers.),is,3)Whatweneedmoretime.,2、由连接词and或bothand连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:LucyandLilyaretwins.SheandIareclassmates.Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.,注意:若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如:Thewriterandartisthascome.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every,morethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom.Noboyandnogirllikesit.,(1)HeandI_bothstudentsofthisschool.我和他都是这个学校的学生。(2)BothriceandwheatgrowninthispartofChina.(be)and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词用复数。,语法一致原则,are,are,Attention:由and连接的两个并列主语指同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数，这时后面的名词没有冠词。,1).Theworkerandwriter_ourschooltoday.(visit)2).Theworkerandthewriter_tothemeeting.(havecome/hascome),havecome,isvisiting,Thegiftisusedtohavewesternmeals.Whatisit?,aknifeandfork,Aknifeandforkusedtohavemeals.,is,3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.,1.Theteacherwithtwostudents_atthemeeting.(was/were),2.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.,A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play,was,A,Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_(be)offeredtothenationasagift.NobodybutJane_(know)thesecret.,was,knows,4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Eachofushasanewbook.Everythingaroundusismatter.,由each,every,no,manya所修饰的名词，即使用and连接作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。e.g.Eachmanandwoman_thesamerights.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.ishavingManyapersonreadthenovel.(have),has,Nothing_（be）difficultintheworldifyousetyourmindtoit.,is,不定代词everybodyeveryoneeverythinganyoneanybodyanythingsomeonesomebodysomethingnobodynoonenothingeachtheother等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.,2.Everythingready.(be),is,3.Someonetoseeyou.(want),wants,5、在定语从句里,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.,6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如:ClassFourisonthethirdfloor.ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注意:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.,7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Therestofthelectureiswonderful.50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注意:anumberof许多,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;thenumberof的数量,主语是number,谓语用单数。,8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.,(二)逻辑意义一致原则:逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。,1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。如:Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.,2、表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体如:Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:TheArabianNightsisaninterestingstory-book,表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词，在表示单位数量用作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数。,Amilliondollars_(is/are)reallyalotofmoney.,is,Sixtyyearsalongtime.（be）Threethousandmilesalongdistance.(be)Fiftykilogramsnottooheavytobecarried.(be),is,is,is,4、定冠词the+形容词或分词,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。如:Twelvepluseightistwenty.Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.,6.由分数或百分数或alotof,lotsof,halfof,therestof,someof,mostof,allof,(a)partof+名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式与of后面的名词的数一致e.g.Lotsofdamage_(be)causedbythefire.Somestudentsareplantingtrees.Therestofthem_(be)wateringthem.Ontheearthabout75%ofthesurface_(be)coveredwithwater,was,are,is,7、一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.Ithinkphysicsisnteasytostudy.,8、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.,(三)就近一致原则:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由eitheror,neithernor,whetheror,notonlybutalso连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如:Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?,AorBNotAbutBEitherAorBNeitherAnorBNotonlyAbu