2014-07-12Reading理解古代中美洲艺术+泥土如何形成+文明的出现(词句默写版)

Understanding Ancient Mesoamerican ArtWords & Phrases1. the ruins of ancient Mesoamerica： 2. unearthed civilizations increasingly remote in age： 3. an earlier stratum of antiquity：Stratum: 4. came upon Maya cities in the jungle： 5. workers installing sound and light equipment：6. stumbled upon a remarkable cave：7. a royal burial chamber：8. the excavation of pyramids：9. outlying structures rather than principal buildings： 10. initiated the excavations there: 11. unravel the pre-Columbian past：12. turned this process around： 13. to articulate their identity Syntax1. At one point, reconstruction of pyramids to attract tourism may be desired; at another, archaeologists may be precluded from working at what has already become a tourist attraction. Preclude：句意：2. A Franciscan friar (member of the Roman Catholic religious order), Sahagn recorded for posterity many aspects of pre-Hispanic life in his encyclopedia of twelve books, including history, ideology, and cosmogony (theories of the origin of the universe), as well as detailed information on the materials and methods of the skilled native craft workers.Posterity：Ideology：Craft workers: 句意：3. Classic Maya inscriptions, for examplelong thought to record only calendrical information and astrological incantationscan now be read, and we find that most of them glorify family and ancestry by displaying the right of individual sovereigns to rule.Calendrical： glorify：ancestry：sovereigns：句意：4. Thousands more small-scale objects are known now than in the twentieth century, although at a terrible cost to the ancient ruins from which they have been plundered.At a cost ：plunder：句意：Abstract Concrete1. Archaeology has its own fashions too. 2. Nor should one forget that excavators are vulnerable to local interests. 3. Also, modern construction often determines which ancient sites can be excavated. 4. But the study of Mesoamerican art is not based exclusively on archaeology.5. During the past 40 years, scholars also have made great progress in deciphering and interpreting ancient Mesoamerican writing systems, a breakthrough that has transformed our understanding of the pre-Columbian mind.How Soil is FormedWords & Phrases1. dynamic process： 2. stimulate or inhibit biogeochemical reactions3. carrier of the acids：4. steep slopes：5. draining from slopes：drainage system：6. Soils on steep slopes often remain poorly developed regardless of geological age写出以下词汇意思：Regardless of：Syntax：1. The parent material is the unconsolidated mass on which soil formation takes place.2. This material may or may not be derived from the on-site geological substrate or bedrock on which it rests.3. The water regimethe water flow over a given timein soil material is sporadic, and in many parts of the Earth is highly seasonal.4. Parent materials heavy in texture require a much longer time to develop into soils because of an impeded downward flow of water.Texture：n. 质地Impede：v. 阻碍，妨碍Hunting and the Setting of Inner EurasiaWords & Phrases14. refer to：15. The long, cold, arid winters： 16. Posed two distinctive problems:17. no signs of hearths 18. domesticated fire enough to survive the harsh winters 19. Animals can evade predators 20. the choice of companions：21. All in all, each group has to exist and survive in several distinct configurations.Syntax5. The regular exchange of information and sometimes of material goods is critical not only within groups, but also between groups scattered over large distances.6. For these reasons, archaeologist Clive Gamble has argued that the difficulties of settling the Eurasian heartland arose less from the technological than from the social and organizational features of human communities before 120,000 years ago.7. Nor is there any physical evidence for storage, raw materials all come from within a radius of 50 kilometersand usually less