高一英语必修2unit1语言点.ppt

Unit1Culturalrelics,LanguagePoints,survivevi.幸存，生还n.幸存者survivorn.幸存survivaleg.Thecustomhassurvivedforthousandsofyears.vt.从中逃生,经历后继续存在eg.Onlytwopeoplesurvivedthefire.Ex.Two-thirdsofthepeoplesurvivedtheearthquake.,Isitenoughtohavesurvivedforalongtime?,survivevi.幸存；生存；生还eg.昨天他遭遇了车祸，但幸运的是他活了下来。Acaraccidenthappenedtohimyesterday,butluckily,hesurvived.短语：surviveon.靠.生存survivefrom.从中留存下来eg.许多奇怪的风俗从古代留存了下来。Manystrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertimes.,vt.经历后依然存在着；幸免于其宾语一般是表示事故、战争、疾病或灾难的名词e.g这个六岁的女孩在地震中幸存了下来。Thesix-year-oldgirlsurvivedearthquake.survivorn.生还者，幸存者survivalu幸存，c残存物,Exercise:,用survive的正确形式填空1.Onlyfourpassengers_thatshipaccident.2.Howmany_havebeensenttohospital?3.His_onsuchanislandsurprisedallthepeople.,2.remainvi.留下，剩下，残留系动词.保持，仍然，继续Iwenttothecity,butmybrotherremainedathome.vi.Heremainedsilent.系动.PeterbecameajudgebutJohnremainedafisherman.系动Howmanyweekswillyouremainhere?vi.,3.belongto属于，是的成员,是的组成部分,是的属性,职能等eg.Putitbacktowhich/whereitbelongsafteryouhavereadit.belongto不用于被动语态和进行时态Thecomputerisbelongingtomysister.Thecomputerisbelongedtomysister.Thecomputerisbelongtomysister.Thecomputerbelongstomysister.,However,thenextkingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheamberroombelongeddecidednottokeepit.,belongvi.属于;为的一员belongto属于注：to是介词；此短语不能用于现在进行时和被动语态e.g这辆车是我爸爸的。Thecarbelongstomydad.belongingsn.（个人的）财产；所有物;随身携带物belong和介词in,under和with连用时，意思是“适合；应归于；跟.有同样的地位.,Exercise:,1.Imnotsurewhetherhewasthekeythat_thedooroftheclassroom.A.hadbelongedtoB.belongingtoC.belongstoD.isbelongedto2.Hetookupmycellphoneandmadealongdistancecallasifthephone_him.A.belongedtoB.wasbelongingtoC.wasbelongedtoD.hadbeenbelongedto单句改错Idontknowwhomthiscomputerbelongs.Ihaventseenthebuildingsbelongedtoyou.,4.furniture家具中各种可移动的家具的总称u不论受什么修饰，前面不能加不定冠词a，也不能用复数一件家具apieceoffurniture许多家具piecesoffurniture/muchfurniture,5.couldneverhaveimaginedthat情态动词(could/might/must/should)+havedone表示对过去发生的事情的推测，批评，反悔等意思eg.Thegroundiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.Youshouldhavetoldusearlier.Whatshallwedonow?can/could+havedone常用于疑问句和否定句中，表示对过去发生的事情的有把握的推测,表“肯定不”eg.Hecouldnthavegoneabroad,asIsawhimjustnow.could/can+havedone也可以表示“本来（过去）可以做到，但实际并没有做到”之意eg.Youcouldhavepassedtheexam.你本来考试是可以通过的.,needthavedone本不需要做却做了should(not)havedone本（不）应该做，却（没）做了would(not)havedone本来（不）会做may/mighthavedone也许做过；本可以做may/mightnothavedone本来可能不做couldhavedone可能已经做过；本可以做musthavedone表示对过去情况的肯定推测cant/couldnthavedone对过去情况的否定推测,6.theroomwascompletedthewayshewantedit.thewayshewantedit是方式状语从句,theway的用法与连词相同,后面常带thatinaway,intheway也有类似的用法shewantedit是定语从句修饰theway,后面的关系代词可用that/inwhich/-Ex.她以我喜欢的方式烹调鸡肉。ShecookschickeninthewayIlike.,8.amazevt.使吃惊；惊讶,e.g他在英语方面取得了很大的进步，这让我很吃惊。HemadegreatprogressinEnglish,whichamazedme.amazed感到吃惊的，多用于修饰人amazing令人吃惊的，多用来修饰事物amazementn.惊奇；诧异toonesamazement令某人惊讶的是inamazement惊奇的toonesamazement/surprise另人吃惊的是eg.他们惊讶地看着我Theylookedatmeinamazement.,Exercise:,1.We_thedifficultytogether,butwhydidntyoutellme?A.shouldfaceB.mightfaceC.couldhavefacedD.musthavefaced2.We_haveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewontbewithusfordinner.A.maynotB.needntC.cantD.mustnt3.用amaze的正确形式填空It_methathealwaysfinisheshisworkinashorttime.Heiswell-knownforhisworkingatan_speed.,amazed,amazing,9.Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolourlikehoney.,selectvt.挑选；精选selectsb.todosth挑选某人做某事selectAas/tobeB挑选A作为Beg.Thebossselectedhimtofinishtheproject.WeselectedRoseas/tobeourmonitor.派生词：selectionn.挑选，选拔selectiveadj.选择的，选择性的,辨析select,choose,elect,pickout,select指在同类的许多东西中，进行有斟酌的精选，强调以客观标准进行选择，侧重于进行选择时的挑剔态度choose是最普通的用语，侧重凭个人的意志或判断力在一些人、物或行为方式中选出一个elect多指选举或用其他方法推选人，有时也指”决定（做某事，尤指做出某种选择）”，这种选择通常是深思熟虑后作出的决定。pickout指从个人角度在众多人或物中进行挑选，通常用于不需要认真权衡，只需对此就能作出决定的场合。,Exercise：,1.Shebecamethefirstblackwomantobe_totheSenate.A.selctedB.electedCchosenD.pickedout2.Fourskierswillbe_torepresenteachcountry.A.electedB.pickedoutC.selectedD.voted,10.Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.,(1)designn.设计；图案；构思；意图makedesignfor为设计/规划bydesign=onpurpose故意地e.gYoushouldmakedesignforyourfuture.v.设计；计划；构思designern.设计师bedesignedfor为而打算/设计bedesignedtodo目的是做e.g这个项目目的是帮助老人Thisprojectisdesignedtohelpoldpeople.,(2)fancyadj.奇特的，异样的v.想象；设想（用法与imagine一样）；以为；喜欢n.幻想；爱好；迷恋,eg.Bothofthemlikefancyclothes.fancy(sb.)doingsth.设想/喜欢(某人)做某事fancythat+从句想象/以为.eg.Ifancywalkingintherain.haveafancyfor.迷恋；喜欢eg.Ihaveafancyforicecream.,Exercise:,1.Thereferecebooksaremainly_collegestudents.A.designedforB.designedtoC.designedofD.designingfor2.完成句子(1)多么奇特的动物Whata_!(2)我想象不出他长得什么样子？Icant_heislike.(3)你能想象她竟说出那样的话来吗？Canyou_athinglikethat?,fancy,animal,fancy,what,fancy,her,saying,7.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountrysbestartistabouttenyearstomake.,decoratevt.装饰；装修decorateAwithB用B装饰Abedecoratedwith.用.来装饰e.gWedecoratetheChristmastreewithflowers.授予（某人）殊荣bedecoratedfor因而获得殊荣e.gHewasdecoratedforfightingagainstenemybravely.派生词：decorationn装饰品；奖章decorativeadj.装饰的；作装饰用的decoratorn.装饰者,Exercise:,用decorate的适当形式填空1.Whenwilltheyfinishthe_ofthebathroom?2.Look,myfriend.Thecolouredlightsarevery_.完成句子1.Theroom_(被.装饰）freshflowers。2.Thesoldier_(被授予奖章)forhiscontributiontothecountry.,is/was,decorated,with,was,decorated,decoration,decorative,Exercise:,1.Inthe1930s,thetwocountrieswereat_war,andhisfatherwasfightingat_front.A.the;/B./;theC.the;theD./;/2.WhenIarrivedinthecountry,itwas_anothercountry.A.inwarwithB.atwarwithC.inwarD.atwar,11.BeforetheNaziscouldgettothesummerpalace,theRussianwereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoom.,removevt.搬开；去掉；消除；免职常与“from连用remove.from把.移开removefrom.to.从.搬到.removesb.fromschool开除，勒令某人退学e.g如果你再迟到的话，你将被学校开除。Ifyouarelateagain,youllberemovedfromschool.,13.ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.,doubtn./v.怀疑；疑惑n.常与of或about连用，表示“对的怀疑”eg.我有些怀疑他的诚实。Ihavesomedoubtsabouthishonesty.Thereis/wasnodoubtthat毫无疑问，eg.毫无疑问，他是我们班最优秀的学生。Thereisnodoubtthatheisthebeststudentinourclass.,doubtvt.1.doubt被否定时，其后的宾语从句用that引导。eg.我们并不怀疑他能把这事做得很好。Wedontdoubtthathecandoagoodjob.2.若doubt是肯定形式时，其后的宾语从句用if或whether引导。e.g我怀疑他们能否按时来。Idoubtif/whethertheywillcomeontime.(3)派生词：doubtfuladj.令人生疑的；不确定的doubtlessadj.无疑的；确定的；必定的,Exercise:,填空：1.Thereisnodoubt_youwillbepunishedifyouarecaught_intheexam.2.Thereisstillsomedoubt_heisthebestmanforthejob.3.Doyoudoubt_hewillwin?4._thatonedayacureforcancerwillbefoundbyscientists.,that,cheating,whether,that,Thereisnodoubtthat,7.consider(P5)consider（认为，以为）sb.(sth.)+adj./n.sb.(sth.)+tobesb.(sth.)+as/that-clauseconsider（考虑）+n./doingsth.+疑问词+todosth.consideras.=thinkof.aslookon(upon).as.把当作takeas.regard.as.Ex.AbrahamLincolnisgenerallyconsidered_thegreatestpresidentofAmerica.A.tobeB.asC./D.Alloftheabove.,8.prove(P5)v.证明，证实prove(vt.)+从句证明n.(pron.)prove(link-v)+n.adj.证明是tobe+adj.eg.Einsteinstheoryproved(tobe)correct.Wehaveprovedourcourageinbattle.我们在战斗中证实了自己的勇气。Ex.PremierZhou_tobeunfortgettableintheheartsoftheChinesepeople.A.provedB.regardedC.thoughtD.considered,14.IsitworthrebuildinglostculturalrelicssuchastheAmberRoomorYuanmingyuaninBeijng?,worthn.价值；作用(=value)prep.值得的；相当于的价值beworth+名词/代词(当名词为金钱时,表示“值钱”）eg.这幅画值500美元。Thepictureisworth$500.sth.+beworthdoing某事值得被做（主动表被动）worth前面可用well,really,certainly等词修饰，不能用verye.g这部电影值得一看。Thismovieisworthseeing.这个问题不值得讨论。Thequestionisnotworthdiscussing.,worthn.价值；作用(=value)eg.这一研究项目很有价值。Thisresearchprojectisofgreatworth.布莱克先生是个重要的人。MrBlackisamanofworth.考点延伸：worthy表示“值得的”，构成短语beworthyofsth,beworthyofdoingsth,beworthytodosth.若该不定式或动名词要表示被动意义，则应用被动形式。eg.中国人为世界经济所做的一切值得赞扬。WhattheChinesehavedonefortheworldeconomyisworthyofpraise.,Exercise:,填空：1.Theexhibitioniswellworth_(visit)andyoucanseefancyvasesofdifferentdynastiesonshowthere.2.Thebookisworth_(read).3.-HowdoyoufindtheBritishMuseum?-Great!Its_(good)worth_(visit).,visiting,reading,well,visiting,15.TheoldmansawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit.,takeapart拆卸；拆开（若为代词，放在take与apart之间）e.g这个男孩把玩具汽车拆开了。Theboytookapartthetoycar.apartadv.分离地；分别地tell/know.apart区别；辨认liveapart分开住fallapart崩溃；土崩瓦解；解散apartfrom除了（=besides),Exercise：,填空：1.Youdbetternot_theradio,oryoullnotbeabletoputitbacktogetheragain.2.你能帮我拆开这台机器吗？Canyouhelpme_thismachine?3.他们看起来一样，因此很难把他们区分开来。Theylookthesame,soitshardto_.,takeapart,take,apart,take,them,apart,17.Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnesstobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.,trialn.审讯；审判；试验常见搭配：ontrial在审讯中；在试验中bytrialanderror反复试验；在失败中找出解决方法e.g他通过反复试验获得了成功。Hesucceededbytrialanderror.,18.InApril1945Iheardsomethingexplodeatmidnight.,explodev.爆炸；爆破；爆裂(可指气球、炸弹、鞭炮等的爆炸)e.g那个爆竹在他手里爆炸了。Thefirecrackerexplodedinhishand.(指感情）迸发，常与介词with,in,into连用explodewithlaughter哄然大笑explodewithanger勃然大怒注：explode无被动语态。explosionn.爆炸（声）；迸发explosiveadj.爆炸性的；易爆的；暴躁的；猛增的,Exercise:,填空：Thedensity（密度)ofthestarhasbecomesogreatthatitmay_sometime.完成句子1.炸弹爆炸了，许多人受了伤。Thebomb_andmanypeoplewere_.2.老板听到这个消息时勃然大怒。Whenthebossheardthenews,he_.,explode,exploded,injured,exploded,with,anger,19.Onthevoyage,theship_andsank.,sinkvi.下沉；沉下过去式：sank过去分词：sunkeg.夕阳西下。Thesunwassinkinginthewest.考点延伸：sink还有“情绪低沉下来”“倒下来”“下降”“变弱”等含义。eg.听到这个消息时，他们的情绪低沉下来。Whentheyheardthenews,theirspiritssank.,Exercise:,填空：1.Fredenteredwithoutknockingatthedoorand,veryoutofbreath,sank_achair.2.Wooddoesnot_inwater.,into,sink,20.IthinkhighlyofthosewhoaresearchingfortheAmberRoom.,thinkhighlyof看重；器重；对评价很高/赞赏=thinkmuch/well/alotofe.g他很器重他女儿。Hethinkshighly/alot/wellofhisdaughter.注：用于被动时，副词要提到动词前。eg.他被他的老板高度赞扬。Hewashighlythoughtofbyhisboss.thinklittle/poorly/badly/nothing/lowlyof不器重;不重视e.g所有的游客对她的服务评价不高。Allvisitorsthoughtlittle/poor/