广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译课件8.ppt

Session8,主动与被动,Activevs.Passive,Theyarrivedatthesummitonthefifthday.Thefifthdaysawthematthesummit.(Halliday)Abehavioralpatternvs.ApsychologicalpatternWhatpeoplehavedonetotheworldvs.Whattheworldreflectsofpeoplesbehaviour,Activevs.Passive,一进房间他就闻到了一股浓烈的花香。一进房间一股浓烈的花香扑鼻而来。Psychologicalprocessofapperceptionvs.Theroleoftherealworldonapperception,ActiveVoicevs.PassiveVoice,Voiceenablesustolookatactionsinasentencefromtwoperspectives,withoutanychangetothefact.(Quirk)eg.Thebutlermurderedthemaster.Themasterwasmurderedbythebutler.,ActiveVoicevs.PassiveVoice,PassivetheoppositeofActive(J.Vendryes)Activevoiceemphasizestheactionitself.Passivevoiceemphasizestheconditionaftertheactionistaken.,ActiveVoicevs.PassiveVoice,eg.Mybrotherbroketheteapot.(active,dynamic)Theteapotwasbrokenbymybrother.(passive,conditionoftheteapot)Theteapotwasbroken.(passive,condition)Theteapotisbroken.(passive,stative),Englishvs.Chinese,English:1)morevariationsofverbforms2)cleardivisionbetweenmanandnature3)distinctionbetweenbeingsubjectiveandobjective4)nostrongneedtoemphasizedoerChinese:1)fewvariationsofverbforms2)unityofmanandnature3)nocleardistinctionbetweenbeingsubjectiveandobjective4)alwaysemphasizesdoer,ExamplesAnalysis:,1.我生于北京，在广州参加工作。IwasborninBeijing,andjoinedtheworkforceinGuangzhou.IwasborninBeijing,andgotemployedinGuangzhou.2.老虎被他们打死了。老虎被打死了。老虎打死了。,PassiveVoice:ACloserLook,1.SyntacticPassive:passivevoiceintheformandstructureasbeingpassive2.NotionalPassivepassivevoicenotintheformandstructureasbeingpassive,butofferingapassivenotion(Jesperson),SyntacticPassive,1.施动者方面的原因1）说不清施动者eg.TomwaskilledinWorldWar2.2）不必说出施动者eg.ChinafoughtagainstRussiainthewomensvolleyballmatchandRussiawasbeaten.3）不愿意说出施动者eg.Somerudecommentsontheplanweremadeattheboardmeeting.,SyntacticPassive,2.受动者方面的原因1）心理上的原因eg.MadameCurriewilllongberememberedasthediscovererofradium.2）信息结构上的原因eg.Unfortunately,thismessagewasnotputacrossbythespeaker.,SyntacticPassive,3.修辞的需要subject,cohesion,etc.4.文体的需要science,journalism,business,etc.,NotionalPassive,1.由及物动词或系动词构成的谓语表示事物特征。eg.Thenewbookreadswell.Thedishsmellswonderful.Thericeiscooking.Thesuggestionneedsfurtherconsideration.2.由系动词+介宾短语构成系表结构表示事物状态。eg.Therailwayisunderconstruction.,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),1.无主句10%-40%Chinesesentencesarewithoutasubject.eg.装配和调试的时候应该把所有零件清洗干净。Whenbeingassembledandadjusted,allpartsshouldbecleaned.,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),2.泛指人称句SometimesChinesesentencestakeagenericpersonasthesubject.eg.众所周知，改革开放二十年来经济发展取得了显著的成绩。ItiswellknownthatmarkedsuccesshasbeenattainedineconomicdevelopmentsinceChinaimplementedthepolicyofreformandopening-upsome25yearsago.,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),3.话题评说句eg.这个问题我们正在研究。Thisproblemisbeingconsidered(byus).eg.这些工作中遇到的困难应当给予高度重视。Greatattentionshouldbegiventothedifficultiesinthework.eg.长江上已经建起了上百座大桥。Over100bridgeshavebeenbuiltacrosstheYangtzeRiver.,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),4.“由”字句eg.这个任务由小刘完成。ThistaskwillbecompletedbyXiaoLiu.eg.所有被邀请出席会议的国家都由政府首脑代表。Allthecountriesthatareinvitedtoattendthemeetingwillberepresentedbytheheadsoftheirgovernments.,TranslatingActiveVoiceintoPassiveVoice(CE),5.“把”字句eg.你把她吓得哭了起来。Shewasscaredtotears(byyou).eg.把我冷得直哆嗦。Iwasmadeshiveringbythecoldair.,ExamplesAnalysis,我们两国人民贸易的交往可以追溯到很久以前。Tradecontactsbetweenourtwopeoplescanbetracedbacktolongtimeago.,ExamplesAnalysis,团结统一，深深地印在中国人的民族意识中。SolidarityandunityhavebeeninscribedintheheartsoftheChinesepeopleaspartoftheirnationalidentity.,ExamplesAnalysis,在美国的对华政策上，现在显然经济利益放在比较重要的位置上。IntermsoftheChinapolicyoftheUS,obviouslyeconomicinterestisnowplacedonamoreimportantposition.,ExamplesAnalysis,品牌名称是能看得见、能说出来、能写出来的，而品牌标识是只能看得见而不能说出来的。Abrandnamecanbeseen,spokenoutandwrittenout,whereasabrandlogocanonlybeseeninsteadofbeingspokenout.,ExamplesAnalysis,秦朝的时候，修建了交通要道，统一了文字和货币，并且把长城连接了起来。DuringtheQinDynasty,aroadsystemwasdeveloped,writingandcoinagewerestandardizedandtheGreatWallswerejoinedintoone.,ExamplesAnalysis,对发展中国家提供经济援助，应当严格遵守受援国的主权，不附带任何政治、经济条件。Economicassistancetothedevelopingcountriesshouldbegrantedinstrictobservanceofthesovereigntyoftherecipientcountrieswithnopoliticaloreconomicconditionsattached.,ExamplesAnalysis,这两份文件都是花了大工夫的，我看都是比较成熟的。Muchefforthasbeenputintothedraftingandinmyopinion,bothdocumentsarewellthoughtout.Bothdocumentshavebeendraftedwithgreateffortsandseemquitewell-done.,TranslatingPassiveVoiceintoActiveVoice(EC),1.被动句正译（谓词）2.还原主语或调整句式3.动词译为名词4.谓词后由by引导的短语转化成由“因为”、“由于”等引导的短语或从句,ExamplesAnalysis(It),Itishopedthat希望Itisreportedthat据报道Itissaidthat据说Itissupposedthat据推测Itmustbeadmittedthat必须承认Itmustbepointedoutthat必须指出Itwillbeseenfromthisthat由此可见,ExamplesAnalysis(It),Itisassertedthat有人主张Itisbelievedthat有人认为/相信Itisgenerallyconsideredthat大家认为Itiswellknownthat大家知道（众所周知）Itwillbesaidthat有人会说Itwastoldthat有人曾经说,ExamplesAnalysis,Implementationofinternationalhumanrightsstandardsmustbepursuedwithgreatefforts.贯彻人权标准的工作必须大力进行。,ExamplesAnalysis,Inthepasttwocenturies,Chinawasrepeatedlyinvadedbyforeignpowers.在过去的两百年中，中国曾不断遭受外国列强侵略。,ExamplesAnalysis,ThenovelofMr.BaJinhasbeentranslatedintoandpublishedinmanylanguages.巴金先生的小说已经翻译成多种文字出版。,ExamplesAnalysis,TheopeningofChinainforeigntrade,investmentandtechnologywilltransformhereconomyverysoon.TheseforecastshavebeenreceivedwithmixedfeelingsbySoutheastAsiancountries.中国在对外贸易、引进外资和技术方面实行的开放政策，不久就会使它的经济改观。面对这一预测，东南亚国家的心情是复杂的。,ExamplesAnalysis,Ibelievethatourdifferencesaregreatlyovershadowedbyissueswhichbindusandstrengthenourrelationship.我认为，同那些把我们联结在一起并使我们之间关系更加紧密的问题相比，我们之间的分歧也就算不了什么了。,ExamplesAnalysis,Ifreligiousleadershipassumesastrongerandconstructiverole,thenpositivestepscouldbemadeinovercomingthetensionsamonggroupsofdifferentfaiths.如果宗教领导人能够发挥更强有力的建设性作用，那么，（我们）应该采取积极的步骤来克服不同信仰团体之间的紧张关系。,ExamplesAnalysis,Theproblemsofrefugeesshouldbedealtwithinanintegratedmanner.难民问题的处理应采用综合的方法。,ExamplesAnalysis,Therelationshipbetweenthetwocountrieswascharacterizedbymutualunderstanding.这两国关系的特点是相互谅解。,ExamplesAnalysis,Naturaldisasterscanbedefinedasgreatandsuddenmisfortunesorterribleaccidentsthatcandogreatharmtohumanbeings.自然灾害的定义是，能够给人类带来巨大伤害的大规模突发灾祸或可怕的事故。,ExamplesAnalysis,ItisalongwayfromBeijingtoLondon.Thedistancehassometimesseemedtobecompoundedbyhistorical