个体差异和相对职业应付(PPT 36页).ppt

个体差异和相对职业应付Individual-DifferenceVariablesandCareer-RelatedCoping,DEBUSEROTONDODepartmentofManagementSalisburyStateUniversityTheJournalofSocialPsychologyVol.139No.4,August1999,引言,组织精简和重组的影响生涯平台人力资源的主要挑战研究主题,TheeffectsofdownsizingandrestructuringAcareerplateauThemajorhuman-resourcechallengeMyresearchcenter,应付职业平台CopingWithaCareerPlateau,介绍相对生涯应付策略个体差异变量假设,IntroductionCareer-RelatedCopingStrategiesIndividual-DifferenceVariableHypothesis,介绍,职业压力已经做过的研究应付是什么？常用模式,CareerStressTheresearchbeingdoneWhatisCopingThepatternrecognizedbyElsassandRaslton,相对生涯应付策略Career-RelatedCopingStrategies,积极策略问题中心情感中心消极策略,PositiveStrategiesproblem-focusedemotionfocusednegative,问题中心problem-focused,什么是问题中心应付问题中心横向转移新工作作为导师成为功能或技术专家在团队中工作,WhatisProblem-focusedCopingProblem-focusedlateraltransfersnewjobdutiesMentorsTechnicalexpertsWorkonspecialprojectsorteams,情感中心emotionfocused,什么是情感中心情感中心社会支持事业重估,WhatisemotionfocusedEmotionfocusedsocialsupportingreappraisal,消极策略negativestrategies,情感中心消极策略抱怨组织和管理者降低工作质量和数量使用酒精和药品离开,AllemotionfocusedNegativestrategiesblamingtheorganizationReducingthequalityorquantityofthetheirworkUseofalcoholordrugsLeavetheorganization,个体差异变量Individual-DifferenceVariables,成就感工作态度消极情感年龄工龄性别种族,NeedforachievementJobinvolvementNegativeaffectivityAgeTenureGenderRace,假设hypothesis,假设1成就感假设2工作态度假设3消极情感假设4年龄和工龄,Hypothesis1needforachievementHypothesis2jobinvolvementHypotheses3negativeaffectivityHypotheses4ageandtenure,假设1hypothesis1,什么是成就感成就感与积极策略正相关，与消极策略负相关。,NeedforachievementHighneedforachievementwillbeassociatedwiththeuseofpositivestrategiesandnegativelyassociatedwiththeuseofnegativestrategies,假设2hypothesis2,工作态度工作态度与积极策略正相关，与消极策略负相关,JobinvolvementHighjobinvolvementwillbepositivelyassociatedwiththeuseofpositivestrategiesandnegativelyassociatedwiththeuseofnegativestrategies,假设3hypothesis3,消极情感消极情感与积极策略负相关，与消极策略负相关。,Negativeaffectivity(NA)NAwillbenegativelyassociatedwiththeuseofpositivestrategiesandpositivelyassociatedwiththeuseofnegativestrategies,假设4hypothesis4,年龄和工龄雇员的年龄和工龄与积极政策正相关，与消极政策负相关。,AgeandtenureEmployageandtenurewillbepositivelyassociatedwiththepositivestrategiesandnegativelyassociatedwiththenegativestrategies,总结目标,SummaryThegoalofmyresearch,方法Method,参与者测量分析方法回归分析,ParticipantsMeasuresRegressionanalysis,参与者participants,水处理设备公司450-224-120Perceptionmeasures我想我处于生涯平台性别，种族比例,Water-treatmentfacility450-224-120PerceptionmeasuresIbelieveIhavereachedacareerplateauTheproportionofgenderandrace,测量measure,成就感工作态度消极情感年龄和工龄个体差异和应付策略,NeedforachievementJobinvolvementNegativeaffectivityAgeandtenureCopingstrategies,成就感needforachievement,量表5个问题，7维样题我采取适度冒险，并且总是瞄准工作以备进步。相关系数,A5-itemscaleA7-pointLiken-typescaleofagreementAsampleitemItakemoderaterisksandstickmyneckoutatworktogetahead.Coefficientalpha,工作态度jobinvolvement,量表3个问题，7维样题我以工作为生命。相关系数,3-itemscale7-pointagreementscaleAsampleitemIlive,eat,andbreathemyjob.Coefficientalpha,消极情感negativeaffectivity,量表21个问题，7维样题一次尴尬经历可以让我焦虑好几天。相关系数,21-itemscale7-pointagreementscaleAsampleexamAfteranembarrassingexperience,Iworriedaboutitfordays.Coefficientalpha,年龄和工龄ageandtenure,年龄从22岁到65岁工龄从一年到25年,AgeFrom22to65yearsTenureFrom1to25years,应付策略copingstrategies,四维量表完全不同意到完全同意样题,A4-pointscaleFromnottrueatalltocompletelytrueSampleitems,样题sampleitems,我做横向转移我向同事，朋友，家人诉说工作进展。我决定不再那么看重晋升的事情。,Ihavetakenalateraltransfer.Ihavetalkedwithfriendsaboutmycareerprogress.Ihavedecidedtomakepromotionlessofapriorityinmylife,结果results,表一表明了在该研究中所有变量的相关系数。,Table1representsthecorrelationbetweenallofthevariablesinthisstudy.,表二表明个体差异与积极策略之间的关系。,Table2containstheresultsoftheregressionanalyses,testingtheassociationsbetweentheindividual-differencevariablesandthe7positivecopingstrategies.,表三表明个体差异与消极策略之间的关系。,Table3presentsthesameanalysesforthe6negativecopingstrategies.,总结,假设1得到了强烈支持，成就感高的人，明显使用积极策略多余消极策略。,Hypothesis1receivedgoodsupportinthatneedforachievementwassignificantlyassociatedwiththeuseofmorepositiveandlessnegativestrategies.,假设2在工作态度方面得到了比较模糊的支持。,Hypothesis2receivedverymarginalsupportinthatjobinvolvement.,假设3在消极情感方面的到了较好的支持，消极情感高的人更多的使用消极策略而不是积极策略。(除了更多的使用对工作的重估）,Negativeaffectivewasassociatedwithlessuseofpositivestrategiesandgreateruseofnegativestrategies(theexceptionbeinggreateruseofreappraisal).,对于假设4的有限支持年龄和工龄,Ifoundlimitedsupportforhypothesis4.Ageandtenure,讨论成就感,结论作用,讨论工作态度,不是一个非常有用的变量两个情感因素作用讨论,Notausefulpersonalityvariableinthecont