英语简单句PPT课件

.,1,取得英语语法成功的基石,句子成分,.,2,PartsofSpeach,.,3,.,4,.,5,.,6,.,7,句子成分,.,8,一、主语,主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_。,1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.,句首,.,9,1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.,二、谓语,谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由_充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.,动词,.,10,情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.,TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.,.,11,1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词Heisateacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。,系动词,.,12,3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThisflowersmellsverysweet.,.,13,5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthat.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的计划终于成功了。,.,14,三、宾语,宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或_后面.,1.WestudyEnglish.2.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.3.Heislookingatthedog.,双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.,及物动词,介词,.,15,表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.,Thetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.,四、表语,.,16,定语：用来修饰_.,Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.,五、定语,名词,.,17,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,六、状语,.,18,Johnoftencametochatwithme()Ashewasill,hedidntcometoclassyesterday.()Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.()Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.()Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()Hecamerunning.(),程度，目的,地点，伴随,地点，时间,让步,方式,原因,.,19,补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。,七、补语,EveryonecallshimJack.（宾补）HeiscalledJack.（主补）,.,20,同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.,八、同位语,.,21,时态主动语态一般将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时,willdowoulddodo/doesdidis/am/aredoingwas/weredoinghas/havedonehaddonehas/havebeendoinghadbeendoingwillhavedone,.,22,时态被动语态一般将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时,willbedonewouldbedoneis/am/aredonewas/weredoneis/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehas/havebeendonehadbeendonewillhavebeendone,.,23,一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.()8.Whatheneedsisabook.（）9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（）,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语,.,24,二、宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.(),名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语,.,25,二、表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示：Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Shewasthefirsttoarrive.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.(),名词,代词,数词,从句,形容词/副词,介词短语,分词,.,26,三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Itsaredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucysfatherisapoorworker.()Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theswimmingboyismybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.(),形容词,副词,代词,数词,名词所有格,名词,介词短语,现在分词,.,27,三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother./Retiredpeoplehaveagoodtimeathome.()Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.（）Willyoutellusaboutyourteachingplan?（）ThisistheverybookthatIneed.（）,过去分词,不定式,动名词,从句,.,28,四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：Heisoftenlateforclass.()Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()Hesattheresmoking.()Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.（）Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboyslife.（）Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()TheboxissoheavythatIcantliftit.(),副词，程度,介词短语，地点,分词，伴随,不定式，目的,形容词，状态,让步状语从句,结果状语从句,.,29,四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（）Hewasangrybecausewewerelate(）Ifitrainstomorrow,wewontgoout.(),时间状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,.,30,五、宾语补足语：IconsiderJimagoodfriend.()Ialwaysfindherhappy.()Peoplepraisedhimasahero.()IhadtheTVfixed.()Isawhimenteringthebuilding.()Whatmadeyouthinkso?()Doyouwantmetogo?(),形容词,名词,介词短语,过去分词,现在分词,省略掉to的不定式,不定式,.,31,英语句子的种类,简单句(simplesentence),并列句(compoundsentence),复合句(complexsentence),.,32,简单句的五种基本句型,.,33,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,.,34,英语五种基本句型：1.+(主谓)2.+(主系表)3.+(主谓宾)4.+IO+D(主谓间宾直宾）5.+O(主谓宾宾补),.,35,基本句型一+（主谓）此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,.,36,基本句型一主谓（S+V）,S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.,.,37,基本句型一主谓,.,38,.,39,练习,1鸟正在飞翔。2她的宝宝正在哭。3太阳正在落山。（set）,Birdsareflying.,Herbabyiscrying.,Thesunissetting.,.,40,基本句型二+（主系表）此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,.,41,系动词主要分三类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,soundseem,appearget,grow,become,turn,go,come,prove(turnout)变得stay,keep,remain保持be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义,.,42,基本句型二主系表,S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.,.,43,基本句型二主系表,.,44,Ourschoolbecamelargerandlarger.,city/become/beautifulfeel/happy,主语+系动词+表语,.,45,练习,1今天我感觉不太舒服。2他看上去很累。3你的汤味道很好。,Idontfeelverywelltoday.,Helooksverytired.,Yoursouptastesverygood.,.,46,基本句型三+（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,.,47,knowslaughsatunderstandsmadeatewantsaid,.,48,基本句型三主谓宾,S+V+OWestudyEnglisheveryday.Theyareplayingfootball.Heenjoysreading.,.,49,基本句型三主谓宾,.,50,基本句型四+IO+D(主谓间宾直宾)此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，另一个是指物,通常指人的宾语用一个介词（to或for）来连接，当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。,.,51,.,52,Myfriendlentmethisbooklastweek.,buy/bicycle/nextChristmastell/news/thedaybeforeyesterday,主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语S+V+(sb)+(sth),.,53,一些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，如：give,show,lend,send,pass等；一些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，如：make,buy,choose,play,cook等。Couldyoulendthestorybooktome?Myfatherboughtanewbikeformeyesterday.,.,54,基本句型四,SV（及物）O（多指人）O（多指物）Igivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.,.,55,基本句型四,.,56,基本句型五+（主谓宾补）此句型的句子特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。,.,57,keeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsaw,.,58,主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语S+V+(O)+(OC),Ifoundhimlyinginbed.,hear/cry/nextroom,see/trees/plant/park,.,59,Iaskedhimtodohishomework.,he/teach/pupils/speak/Englishshe/advise/him/listen/everydayshe/allow/me/use/dictionary,主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语S+V+(O)+(OC),.,60,基本句型五,S+V（及物）+O(宾语)+C（宾补）Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.,.,61,基本句型五,.,62,常用的带复合宾语的动词think,consider,feel,find,have,see,hear,notice,get,leave,ask,tell,etc.,.,63,指出下列句子属于哪种基本句型。,A.主语+不及物动词B.主语+及物动词+宾语C.主语+系动词+表语D.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语E.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,()1.Thechildrenareplayingsoccer.()2.Hefoundhisnewjobinteresting.()3.Theboysfaceturnedred.()4.Isthelittlegirlcryingoverthere?()5.Bettysentmeamodelplanelastweek.,B,E,C,A,D,.,64,连词成句，并判断其句子类型，从方框中选出对应的序号填入括号内。1.(surprised,the,looks,man)_.()2.(lent,two,I,Ann,books)_.(),A.主+谓B.主+谓+宾C.主+系+表D.主+谓+间宾+直宾E.主+谓+宾+宾补,Themanlookssurprised,C,IlentAnntwobooks,D,.,65,3.(doing,is,his,he,homework)_.()4.(the,happily,smiled,girl)_.()5.(invited,Bill,party,to,his,me)_.(),Heisdoinghishomework,B,Thegirlsmiledhappily,A,Billinvitedmetohisparty,E,.,66,HaveALk,Patrickdidntagree.Thetwoboysmadeadeal.Patrickfeltawful.Iwontlendyoumyhomework.Isawhimdancinginthepark.,.,67,Patrickdidntagree.句型：主语+不及物动词(Subject