复习 1.雅思语法之名词性从句.ppt

雅思预备-语法,Butonanygivenday,whatSchaefercanofferistypicalfortodaysdrugsrep（药品推销员）acartrunkfullofpromotionalgiftsandgadgets（器械）,abudgetthatcouldbuylunchesanddinnersforasmallcountry,hundredsoffreedrugsamplesandthefreedomtogiveaphysician$200toprescribe（开药）hernewproducttothenextsixpatientswhofitthedrugsprofile.,Butonanygivenday,(whatSchaefercanoffer)istypicalfortodaysdrugsrepacartrunkfullofpromotionalgiftsandgadgets,abudget(thatcouldbuylunchesanddinnersforasmallcountry),hundredsoffreedrugsamplesandthefreedomtogiveaphysician$200toprescribehernewproducttothenextsixpatients(whofitthedrugsprofile).,但是，随便哪一天，对于今天的药品推销员来说，谢弗能提供的东西都非常具有代表性汽车后备箱里满载的促销礼品和小器械，能够为一个小国家的午餐和晚餐买单的预算，成千上万的免费药品样本以及可以提供给一位医生200美元的自由权如果该医生在开药的时候，指定将接下来的六名与该药品吻合的患者使用她的新产品。,名词性从句,nounclause,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词.名词性从句,在主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,名词性从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,主语从句,表语从句,主语,MydreamisthatProfessorDuandIwilltietheknot.,WhatIdesireistalkingnonsense.,表语,Becomingacurvewreckerismydream.,ThisiswhatIthinkeveryday.,宾语,Weshouldlendahelpinghand.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,同位语,Idontknowaboutthewoman,Rachel.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatsheisawomen.,引导名词性从句的关联词,what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever,that,whether,if,when,where,how,why,Whowillwinthegameisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.ThefactisthatHannahandJayhavetiedtheknot.ThenewsthatJayChouhasmarriedisresounding.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句,宾语从句的种类,1.that引导的宾语从句2.由if或whether引导的宾语从句3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。,一、宾语从句的种类1.that引导的宾语从句that在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,Johnfeels(that)histeamisbetterthanothers.,很多人说自己在夏天感觉更舒服。Manypeopleclaim(that)theyfeelbetterinsummer.,Showtime,【练1/4】该表清楚地表明了欧洲国家之间存在显著的消费习惯差异。（剑3,T2,W）,(之间)存在着(方面的)()差距/差异。1)主干：Therearedifferences.2)之间:betweenand;within;(位于主干之后)3)方面的:in;about;(位于主干之后)4)adj.明显的：obvious;巨大的：significant,large;轻微的：slightThischartclearlyindicatesthattherearesomesignificantdifferencesinspendinghabitswithinEuropeancountries.,Showmetheanswer,【练1/4】该表清楚地表明了欧洲国家之间存在显著的消费习惯差异。（剑3,T2,W）ThischartclearlyindicatesthattherearesomesignificantdifferencesinspendinghabitswithinEuropeancountries.,【练2/4】该数据显示发展中国家和发达国家之间在教育和科技上存在着极大地差别。（剑3,T3，W）Thisdatashowsthatthereareverylargeinconsistenciesineducationandsciencebetweendevelopinganddevelopedcountries.,【练3/4】我同意在医疗卫生，教育和贸易等方面的改善对较贫困国家的发展来说是必不可少的。（剑3，T4，W）Iagreethatimprovementsinhealth,educationandtradeareessentialforthedevelopmentofpoorernations.,【练4/4】那些反对男女同校的人认为这样会导致早恋，对他们的学习有害。(教育话题）co-education/mixedsexschoolpuppyloveHarmful/detrimentalThoseagainstco-educationholdthattheenvironmentwillprobablyleadchildrentopuppylovewhichwillthenserveasanobstacletotheiracademicachievement.,(1).Letssee_wecanfindsomefood.(2).Sheaskedme-shecouldborrowthesebooks.,注意whether和if的使用区别,a.当有ornot时就一定用whether.IdontknowwhetherornotIshouldmoveon.b.介词后面的宾语从句一定用whether.IworryaboutwhetherIdiscourageyourconfidence.,2.由if或whether引导的宾语从句,if/whether,if/whether,Showtime,【练1/3】我们想知道人类是否是宇宙中唯一存在的生命。(剑桥9test1)【练2/3】他来不来无关紧要。【练3/3】许多专家怀疑英语是否应该作为全球唯一的官方语言。Wewanttoknowwhetherwearealoneintheuniverse.Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifference.ManyexpertsdoubtwhetherEnglishshouldbeusedastheonlyofficiallanguage,3.由who,whom,whose,what,which和when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。,Doyouknow-hesaidjustnow?Idontremember-wearrived.Doyouknow-timetheplaneleaves?,what,when,what,Showtime,1.Duringthecourseofthismorning,wehopetogiveyouaclearideaofwhatweofferinourtrainingprograms.2.Psychologistshavealsostudiedhowbeingcoldaffectsperformance.1.今天上午这段时间里，我们希望让你们清楚地了解我们的培训项目所开设的课程。(剑2，T1，L)2.心理学家也研究了天气寒冷如何影响人们的表现。(剑3，T3，R),二、宾语从句的语序-陈述语序。,1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?1Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?1Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.2Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.,宾语从句在写作中的应用,注意：用宾语从句表述观点：认为：insist,maintain,hold,suggest,argue,支持：favor,propose,support,agree,advocate,(befor,beinfavorof)反对：object,oppose,(beagainst),SomepeoplearefullyconvincedthatSomepeopleassertthatSomepeopledeemthatSomepeoplearguethatSomepeopleclaimthat,【练1/4】有些人认为旅游业的发展会对传统文化产生一些负面的影响。,Somepeopleholdthatthedevelopmentoftourismexertssomeadverseimpactontraditionalculture.,【练2/4】说到教育，大部分人认为其是终生的学习。,WhenitcomestoThemajorityof大部分人Whenitcomestoeducation,themajorityofpeoplethinkthatitisalife-timestudy.,【练3/4】大部分学生相信业余工作使他们有更多的机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。,interpersonalskillsThemajorityofstudentsbelievethatpart-timejobsprovidethemwithmoreopportunitiestodeveloptheirinterpersonalskills,whichmayputthemintofavorablepositioninthefuturejobmarkets.,【练4/4】越来越多的专家认为农民工对城市的建设起到积极作用，然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨农民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，例如犯罪。,AnincreasingnumberofexpertsFarmerlaborers,【练4/4】越来越多的专家认为农民工对城市的建设起到积极作用，然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨农民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，例如犯罪。,Anincreasingnumberofexpertsbelievethatfarmerlaborerswillexertpositiveeffectsoncityconstruction.However,thisopinionisnowbeingquestionedbymoreandmorecityresidents,whocomplainthatfarmerlaborershavebroughtmanyseriouspeoblemslikecrime.,主语从句,一.that和what引导的主语从句二.whether引导的主语从句三.who,which,when,where,why,how引导的主语从句,主语从句的种类,一.that和what引导的主语从句-that引导作用，不充当成分，不能省略。What连接作用，在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。,1.iscertain.（我们将迟到了）2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的),Thattheearthisround,Thatweshallbelate,3)_ismorepractice.(我们所需要的）,Whatweneed,what在从句中作主语。,二.whether引导的主语从句是否，表不确定的事情.,注意点：“if”不能引导主语从句,_ishardtosay(他是否会来这）,Whetherhewillcomehere,三.who,which,when,where,why,how引导的主语从句,-isunderdiscussion.,Whenwewillbeginthemeeting,When在从句中作状语,-isstillunknown.,Whowillultimatelywinthegame,1.我们什么时候开始开会还在讨论中。2.谁会最终赢得比赛仍是个未知数。,这是一种大规模的灭绝，我们能否挽回这种局面现在很难知道。(剑4，T2，R)amassextinction大规模的灭绝reboundfrom挽回Itsamassextinction,andwhetherwewilleverreboundfromthelossisdifficulttoknow.,Showtime,A:主语从句后置!1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-3.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-,Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.,Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.,-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.,构成了下面一些常用句型:Itis+adj/nthat(strange/apity)Itis+vedthat.(said/reported.,【练1/2】很多雇主可能喜欢利用儿童的服务，这是一个不幸的事实。（剑3，T3，W）Itisanunfortunatefactthatmanyemployersmayprefertousetheservicesofchildren.,Showtime,Whowilldoit_beendecided(have/has)Whatheneeds_thatbook.Whatheneeds_somebooks.,is,are,B：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数,What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定,what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,that在句子中不充当成分，只起连接作用.,C：What与that引导主语从句,(1)_yousaidyesterdayisright.(2)_sheisstillyoungisamazing.,What,That,【练1/2】使语言濒临灭绝的不仅是语言使用人数，还有使用者的年纪。(剑4，T2，R)Endangered濒临灭绝的Whatmakesalanguageendangeredisnotjustthenumberofspeakers,buthowoldtheyare.,Showtime,_hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How,2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere,3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_theFirstWorld.Which;belongtob.As,belongedtoc.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto,4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave,表语从句,表语从句,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句位置：放在系动词之后,结构：“主语+系动词+表语从句”。系动词：be,remain,seem，feel,look,smell,taste,turn,appear,keep,get,Example,Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthemajorityofpeople.Oneadvantageofbeinganonlychildisthatthereislessarguingwithinthefamily.,注意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause.Itis/waswhy.3.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.Thereasonisbecause/why,that.,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。,Thequestionis_Iwanttobewithyou.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether,2.一般情况下，“that”不能省。,Thereasonis_Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what,3.Itis/wasbecause.Itis/waswhy.,ItwasbecauseIloveyou.ThatwaswhyIamstillhere.,4.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.Thereasonisbecause/why,Thereasonwhyhedidnotcomeis_.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismothersbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill,1.Thequestionis_wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2Thereasonwhyhefailedis_hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Thereasonis_Imissyousomuch.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what4.Thatis_wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what5.Thereasonwhyherefusesyouis_.A.becauseyouaretoobeautifulB.becauseofyouaretoouglyC.thatyouaretoouglyD.foryouaretoougly,【练1/3】中国教育的最大变化就是，已经有更多的人可以接受教育。（剑3,T1,S）ThebiggestchangeineducationinChinaisthatmoreandmorepeoplecanget/receivetheeducation.,Showtime,【练2/3】早上学的另一个好处是孩子在社交方面发展更快。（剑4，G,TB,W）Anotheradvantageofgoingtoschoolatanearlyageisthatchildrendevelopfastersocially.,【练3/3】我的观点是年轻人应该受到鼓励，去开阔视野。（剑5，T2，W）Myview/idea/opinion/pointisthatyoungpeopleshouldbeencouragedtobroadentheirhorizons.,同位语从句,同位语从句1.跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。常用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。Suggestion,suggest，order，demand，wish等,she,anEnglishteacher,likesherstudentsverymuch.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatsheisateacher.,Hisplan,buildingagardenonthesurfaceofsea,isnotpractical.,e.g.1.要出国的这个消息，太让人震惊了。,ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadisastounding.,2.多用that引导，无意义，不可省。,3.在havenoidea之后用wh-引导同位语从句,Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.,1.Manyboysaretooheavy./Thefactworriestheirparentsalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasvisitingChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,Thefactthatmanyboysaretooheavyworriestheirparentsalot.,Wehear