英美概况课件.ppt

,AnIntroductiontoBritainandAmerica-Kelly,1.ThenecessityofleaningthiscourseTherequirementofyourmajorTEM-82.Howtolearnthecoursemoreefficiently?Pre-readingworkIn-classworkAfter-classworkMassReadingExercise,VolumeOne:TheUnitedKingdom,ChapteroneBesidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.,Lakepoets,Thewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOut-didthesparklingwavesinglee:Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,Insuchajocundcompany:Igazed-andgazed-butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.,Scotland,Scotland,Amountainouscountrythreenaturalzones:TheHighlandsinthenorththecentralLowlandsthesouthernUplandsBenNevis:thehighestmountainintheUKAcountryofcastles,ThehighlandsinScotland：sparselypopulated,withmanymountainrangesdominatingtheregion,andincludingthehighestmountainintheBritishIsles,BenNevisThefilm:BraveHeart,Wales,Wales,amountainouscountryinthewestofGreatBritain.takeinguplessthan9%ofthewholeisland.,NorthernIreland,SmallestamongthefournationsinBritainMostlyrural,lowhills,beautifullakeinthesouth-west,ruggedcoastline,1）TheBritishIslesageographictermwhichincludestwolargeislands,and,and5,000smallislands.2）GreatBritain:comprisesonlyEngland,_and_.3）Irelandisland:includesNorthernIrelandandsouthernIreland.NorthernIrelandisapartof,whilesouthernIrelandbecameanindependentcountry.4）TheUK:ismadeupofand.ismadeupof,_and_,Ex1:Fillintheblanksbelow.,GreatBritain,Irelandisland,Scotland,Wales,TheUK,RepublicofIreland,GreatBritain,NorthernIreland,England,Scotland,Wales,NorthernIreland,Ex2:Whatisthereferenceofeachpicture?BritishIsles,theUK,GreatBritain,Scotland,England,orWales?,1,2,3,4,5,6,TheUK,Scotland,GreatBritain,England,BritishIsles,Wales,Climate,BritainisanislandcountryandthesurroundingseagivesEnglandavariedclimate.Weneverknowwhattheweatherwillbelikefromonedaytotheother.Itcanbesunnyonedayandrainythenext.Aswehavesuchavariableclimatechangingfromdaytoday,itisdifficulttopredicttheweather.,TemperateClimate/favorablemaritimeclimateTheoverallclimateinEnglandiscalledtemperatemaritime.Thismeansthatitismildwithtemperaturesnotmuchlowerthan0Cinwinterandnotmuchhigherthan32Cinsummer.Italsomeansthatitisdampandissubjecttofrequentchanges.favorablemaritimeclimate-wintersaremild,nottoocoldandsummersarecool,nottoohot,andithasasteadyreliablerainfallthewholeyear.,Dept.ofForeignStudies,Spring(March-May)Summer(June-August),wonderfulsunnyweather,canalsobecoolorwetTemperaturesfluctuatefromaround6-11C.Maycanhaveverywarmdays-uptoabout18C.,Mostdaysinsummerarewarmtohot,buteveningscanbecool.Temperaturesaveragearound14-30C,althoughitcanbeuptoaround35Consomedays.,Autumn(September-November)Winter(December-earlyMarch),Inautumntherecanbeverywarmdays,butequallytherecanbecoolonestoo.Temperaturesfluctuatearoundthe7-18Cmark,butarelikelytobemuchwarmerinSeptemberthanNovember.,WinterseesBritainsshortestandcoolestdays(about7-8hoursofdaylight)butthesecanbecrispandbright.Temperaturesfluctuatefromaround1-5C.,Warmestandcoldestmonths,Rainfall,FactorsInfluencingEnglishWeather,1）Thesurroundingwaterstendtobalancetheseasonaldifferencesbyheatingupthelandinwinterandcoolingitoffinsummer;环绕四周的海水。冬天，海水可使岛内气温升高，夏天则使气温降低，从而起到平衡季节温差的作用；2）Theprevailingsouth-westwindsortheWesterliesblowoverthecountryalltheyearroundbringingwarmandwetairinwinterandkeepingthetemperaturesmoderate;一年四季盛行的西南风和西风在冬季从大西洋带来温暖、潮湿的空气，使气温适宜；3）TheNorthAtlanticDriftpassesthewesterncoastoftheBritishIslesandwarmsthem.北大西洋暖流经不列颠群岛西海岸，使气候变暖。,TheEnglishLanguage,1.OldEnglish2.MiddleEnglish3.ModernEnglish4.StandardEnglish,1.OldEnglish(5th11th),LanguageofAngle-SaxonsInfluencedbyOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsDanishwords,Beowulf,ThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodistheepicpoem”Beowulf”(approximatelyAD900)Hwt!WeGar-Denaingeardagum,eodcyninga,rymgefrunon,huaelingasellenfremedon.OftScyldScefingsceaenareatum,2.MiddleEnglish(11th15th),StatusFrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguage,andEnglishbecametheLanguageoflowerclasspigporksheepmuttoncattlebeefDevelopmentEnglishincreasedinimportanceaftertheBlackDeath,TheCanterburyTales,writtenbyGeoferyChaucer,14thcenturyWhanthatAprill,withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour,Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour;,GeoffreyChaucer,3.ModernEnglish(15th),TheprintingpressbroughtstandardizationofEnglishSamuelJohnsonsdictionaryestablishedastandardformofspellingRenaissanceassimilatedforeignwordsthroughouttheRenaissanceTheIndustrialRevolutionnecessitatedtheintroductionofnewwordsfornewthingsandideasTheriseoftheBritishEmpireortheCommonwealthofNationsledtotheassimilationofwordsfrommanyotherlanguages,Othello,byWilliamShakespeare1603La:Thointhetradeofwarre,Ihaueflainemen,YetdoeIholditveryftuftofConfcience.Todoenocontriudmurrher;IlackeiniquitySometimestodoeferuice:nineortentimes,Ihadthoughttohaueierkdhimhere,Vndertheribbes.Oth.:Tisbetterasitis.Whichcanbetranslatedas:La:ThoughinthetradeofwarIhaveslainman,YetdoIholditverystuffotheconscience.Todonocontrivedmurder:IlackiniquitySometimestodomeservice:nineortemtimesIhadthoughttohaveyerkdhimhereundertheribs.Othello:Tisbetterasitis.,Shakespeare,4.StandardEnglish,basedonthespeechoftheupperclassofsoutheasternEnglandadoptedasabroadcastingstandardintheBritishmediaalsocalledasQueensEnglishorBBCEnglishbasedontheLondondialectbecomingauniversalLinguaFrancatheworldlanguage,SectiontwoPeopleandthestate,Overallpopulation:over60millionsDistribution:England:about50millionScotland:over5millionWales:around3millionNorthernIreland:about1.7million,Ethnicity,ThemajorityofthispopulationaredescendentsoftheAnglo-SaxonsMostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendentsoftheCelticpeopleTheIrishpeoplewerealsoCelticinoriginimmigrants,Percentageo