语法专项之六------虚拟语气.ppt

Welcometoourclass,虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood,语法专项之六,Definition,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式.一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等,高考命题趋势,1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法2虚拟语气在名词性从句的用法3.虚拟语气在特殊句式中的用法,虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用,过去式(were),haddone,would/could/should/might+V.(原),would/could/should/might+havedone,1.过去式2.should+V.(原)3.weretodo,would/could/should/might+V.(原),1.If引导的虚拟条件句,1.IfIwereyou,I_buythehouserightnow.A.wontB.dontC.wouldntD.cant,高手过招,2.Ifyou_tomorrow,you_findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.,A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might,3.Iftheparents_atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.,A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrived,1.Ifyou_(take)myadvice,you_(fail)intheexam.,hadtaken,wouldnthavefailed,2.IfI_(be)you,I_(accept)herinvitation.,were,wouldaccept,3.Ifit_(rain)tomorrow，themeeting_(be)putoff.,rained/shouldrain/weretorain,wouldbe,虚拟语气,注意1：省略if的条件从句：,用法：从句中有were,had或should时，省略if，而把它们放在句首。,3.Ifyouhadnothelpedme，Ishouldhavefailed.,2.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.,1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotdothat.,WereIyou,Iwouldnotdothat.,Shouldhefailedintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.,Hadyounothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.,注意省略if后，句首不能出现动词的缩略形式，如：,Ifitwerentforthehighexpense,IwouldgotoAmerica.Werentitforthehighexpense,IwouldgotoAmerica.()Wereitnotforthehighexpense,IwouldgotoAmerica.(),1._Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were2.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor，you_better.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen,虚拟语气,注意2：错综时间条件句,定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。,Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.,与过去相反,与现在相反,各自为准,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整,1.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen2.如果以前你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了,Ifyou_(study)hardbefore,you_(be)acollegestudentnow.,hadstudied,wouldbe,虚拟语气,butfor+n(要不是),without+n,otherwise(否则)，but,+句子,would/could/should/might+V.(原),would/could/should/might+havedone,现在/将来,过去,有时候假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过with,without,butfor,otherwise,or等词或短语来表示。,注意3：含蓄条件句,1.Butforyourhelp,we(make)suchrapidprogress.,wouldnothavemade,虚拟语气,2.Withoutair,there_(be)nolivingthings.,wouldbe,3.Thankstothebraveyoungman,otherwise,theboy_(die).,wouldhavedied,虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用,Wish+从句,现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时(haddone)未来:would/could/might+V.(原),1.宾语从句,（1）wish引导的宾语从句中：表示不可能实现的愿望。,1.IwishI_abird.AisBwereCwillbeDare2.HowIwishthatI_themoonsometimeinthefuture.AhadvisitedBwouldvisitCvisitedDwillvisit,三个建议,四个要求,insist,order,command,advise,suggest,propose，,demand,require,request,desire，,虚拟语气,两个命令,一个坚持,2.在表示建议，命令，请求的动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即“should+do”,should可以省略。这种用法的词有：,Iadvisedthatyou_thejobassoonaspossible.AfinishedBfinishingCtofinishDfinish2Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay_beraised.AshouldBwouldCmustDcould,3.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_there.A.notwentB.wontgoC.notgoD.nottogo4.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished,注意：suggest作“建议”讲时用虚拟语气，作“暗示”则用陈述语气Hesuggestedthatthemeeting_(be)putoff.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe-（be）ill.,was,shouldbe,insist作“坚决主张，坚持要求”解时用虚拟语气；作“坚持说”解时，则用陈述语气。,Heinsistedthattheinjuredman_(be)senttohospitalwithoutdelay.Mikeinsistedthathe_(stole)angthing.,(should)be,hadneverstolen,2.主语从句：1)Itissuggested/requested/ordered/proposedthat2)Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural/surprisingthat3)Itisapity(ashame,a/nowonder,asurprise,etc)that等结构后的主语从句中，用should+do,should可以省略,1.Itssuggestedthattheplan_(carryput).2.Itisimportantthatwe_(master)aforeignlanguage.3.Itisapitythatyou_(miss)agoodchance.,becarriedout,shouldmaster,shouldmiss,3.用于表语、同位语从句在suggestion/proposal/order/advice/request/demand等名词后的表语和同位语从句中,要用“should动词原形”should可以省略,1.Weareinfavorofyourproposalthatthemeeting_.A.shouldbeputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff2.Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry,几种特殊句式中的虚拟语气,1.Its(high)time+that,过去时(were)/Should(不省)+V.,你该走了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,我们该去睡觉了。,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,2）wouldrather,现在/将来：过去：,Iwouldratheryou_(pay)menow.,Iwouldratheryou_(go)thereyesterday.,Dontcome.Iwouldratheryou_(come)tomorrow.,过去时,过去完成时,paid,hadgone,came,3）asif/though+从句,现在：过去将来：,过去时,过去完成时,如果所述是真实情况，则不用虚拟语气。Eg：ItlooksasifitisgoingtorainItlooksasifsheisangry.,would/might/coulddo,1.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,A,C,4）Ifonly(要是就好了)与现在事实相反用过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用would/coulddo,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我能再次见到他就好了！,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!,IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,高考冲刺,Subjectivemood,If引导的虚拟条件句Shoulddo特殊,1.一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。,2.Itissuggested/requested/ordered/proposedthatItisnecessary/important/st