高考英语短文改错出题规律及应试策略

高考英语短文改错解题规律及应试策略一、总体分析通过对历届高考英语短文改错题的深入研究和反复比较，我们发现：高考英语短文改错的设错(即考点)很有规律，并且呈现出极强的稳定性。常规考点主要集中在动词、冠词、介词、连词、名词、形容词和副词、各类从句引导词、行文逻辑等方面。进一步的研究还表明：动词：主要考查时态(每年必有)、非谓语动词(每年必有)、语态(有时有)等方面。冠词：主要考查基本用法(冠词设错几乎每年都有)。介词：主要考查介词的习惯搭配(如与名词搭配、与动词搭配、尤其是与形容词的搭配等，介词设错几乎每年都有)。名词：主要考查其可数性或单复数的使用情况等(几乎每年都有)。形容词：主要考查比较等级、搭配、修饰、用法区别等(形容词设错几乎每年都有)。副词：主要考查副词修饰其他词的正确性，有时也考查搭配与行文逻辑方面的问题等。代词：主要考查前后指代的一致性以及某些习惯用法等。并列连词：并列连词考查主要涉及行文逻辑。各类从句：包括状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句等。主要考查各类从句的引导词的正确使用问题(大部分年份有)。二、解题思路(1)四查法解题原则：瞻前顾后查名词，与时俱进查动词，启承转合查连词，文通理通查逻(2) 通篇考虑。快速浏览全文，把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意，顺便标记自己一眼就能看出的错误。英语短文改错是以一篇短文作为材料，因此短文改错要考虑语篇结构中的句与句之间的关系，依此来查出连词和逻辑承接语是否出错。(3) 依句查错。英语短文改错一般“题以行出，错从句生”，因此必须以句子而不是以每行为意义单位来分析。分析复合句查连词，分析主句从句和单句查句法和语法错误，最后分析组成句子的各部分查词法错误。(4) 瞻前顾后。分析时必须行行兼顾，甚至要注意后行与前几行之间的语义联系。(5) 仔细复查。做完题以后要快速把正确答案带入短文中默读一遍以便检查答案是否正确。(6) 按要求规范答题。对多词少词错词所做的标记一定要符合要求，切不可随心所欲，也不可在一行中到处做标记。三、解题规律1.名词：单复数混用；不可数名词误用可数名词。如：(1) One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friend,讲解：one of后跟名词的复数形式，应此应该把friend改为friends。(2) I gave him some advices on study.讲解：advice为不可数名词，故应把advices改为advice。常考的不可数名词有：progress，information，news，equipment等。2.动词：时态、主谓是否一致、语态、非谓语动词。如：(1). 时态混用I stood there and couldnt believe that a complete stranger is so thoughtful.讲解：很显然此句子主时态是一般过去式，因此应把is改为was。(2). 主谓不一致There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.讲解：句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数，所以应该把were改为was。(3). 语态（主动、被动、虚拟等）Dinosaurs were disappeared in the old times.讲解：“恐龙消失”是主动，所以应该把were去掉。英语中不及物动词没有被动。如：appear，happen，break out，take place等。(4). 非谓语动词，The hole became bigger and bigger. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping讲解：第二句的主谓语动词是was escaping，keeping the balloon up,是V-ing形式作定语修饰the air，因此应把keeps改为keeping。It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expect anything in return.讲解：在结构it is / was + adj. to do sth中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to do sth。因此在give前加to。without是介词，介词后跟V-ing形式，故expect改为expecting。3.形容词/副词：两者之间是否混用；级别的错误。如：(1) so I grateful accepted the offer.讲解：实意动词应用副词修饰，故把grateful改为gratefully。英语中形容词往往用来修饰名词或跟在系动词后作表语等；副词修饰动词、形容词、整个句子等。(2) Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his better-known one.讲解：better-known应该改为best-known。三或三者以上比较用最高级；句中of all the songs提供了信息。(3) John studies much more harder than any of the others.讲解：harder已经是比较级形式，因此把more去掉。形容词和副词比较级前可用much，still，even，a lot，rather等来修饰。4.代词：代词一致；代词的格；代词误用。如：(1) The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.讲解：the Smiths指“史密斯夫妇俩”，因此应该把his改为their。(2) Tom sits between Mary and I.讲解：between是介词，介词后跟人称代词的宾格，故把I改为me。(3) I can express me in English freely.讲解：me改为myself。当主语和宾语指的是同一个人时，宾语往往用反身代词。(4) I find difficult to make friends with you. 我发现跟你交朋友很难。讲解：在find后加it。英语中，形式主语、形式宾语用it。(5) he preferred to give it to everyone else.讲解：根据句意，everyone改为someone。someone else意为“其他人”。5.介词：词组搭配（名词词组、介词短语和短语动词）中的介词错用、多余或缺漏；介词混用。如：(1) 介词缺漏Tell them something youre interested,讲解：be interested in sth意为“对感兴趣”，因此在interested后加in。(2) 介词多余People like swimming in summer because of water makes them feel cool.讲解：此题考查对becauseof与because用法的辨别区分。前者不能接句子，而后者充当连词可以接句子。所以应该把of去掉。(3) 介词用错(一般为固定搭配)Could you share your experiences for us?讲解：share sth. with sb.意思是“与某人分享某事”，故把for改为with。(4) 介词混用a truck came to a stop besides us.讲解：一辆卡车在我旁边停下来，因此把besides改为beside。6.冠词：句中冠词是否多余；冠词误用。如：(1) Although we have been members for a short period of time, we have made a great progress.讲解：progress是不可数名词，故前不能用不定冠词，因此把great progress前的a去掉。(2) I sat in the front of the TV at 7 oclock, when the game just began.讲解：区分in front of sth和in the front of sth. in the front of sth指在事物(sth)内部空间的前面，比如说I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽车的前面)；而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空间的前面，比如说the car stops in front of the house(汽车停在房前)。因此原文中应该把the去掉。(3) As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.讲解：at an - age固定搭配词组，表示“出于-年龄”，比如说at an early/tender age，可以翻译为“很小/年幼的时候”(4) and offered us a umbrella because .讲解：把a改为an。冠词后单词的第一个音是元音，用an。例：an honest man，an important role; a useful book，a university。7.连词：前后两句之间的衔接关系；连词的混用。如：(1) This man might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred to give it to讲解：连词前后两个句子之间是转折关系，因此把and改为but。I didnt review the text very well but I could only answer three out from the twenty questions.讲解：连词前后两个句子之间是因果关系，因此把but改为so。此考点的关键在于判断行文逻辑正确与否。(2) While I first entered my senior middle school, everything seemed unpleasant.讲解：while作连词，“当时”，后跟的从句谓语动词须为延续性动词，因此把while改成when。(3) Although he made great progress, but he still worked hard.讲解：although / though不能与but连用，因此把but去掉。8.数词：基数词序数词混用。如：We held a party on my sixteen birthday.讲解：把sixteen改为sixteenth。9.句式：定语从句；名词性从句（that与what或which与what之间的转换等）；强调句；倒装句等。(1) Im going to see the film I missed it last Friday.讲解：把it去掉；I missed 是省略了that的定语从句，it多余。My father has two brothers, both of them are all Party members.讲解：句子之间需要连接词衔接。这是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句，故把both of them改为both of whom。(2) We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area.讲解：原文中需要一个连接词承接前后连个句子，这个连接词充当be concerned about引导宾语从句中的主语，所以应该把which改为what。(3) The problem was very difficult that no one could solve it.讲解：根据句意“这道题很难没有人能解答出”，so /suchthat固定搭配“如此以至于”，因此把very改为so。10.保