腹部解剖图谱ppt课件

精选ppt,Abdominalwall,山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华,精选ppt,Anteriorwall,Layers(fromsuperficialtodeep)SkinSuperficialfasciaAnterolateralmusclesTransversalisfascia腹横筋膜Extraperitonealfascia腹膜下筋膜Parietalperitoneum壁腹膜,精选ppt,SuperficialfasciadivisionsbelowumbilicusSuperficialfattylayer(Campers)Membranouslayer(Scarpas),精选ppt,Musclesofabdomen,AnterolateralgroupObliquusexternusabsominis腹外斜肌Oblequusenternusabdominis腹内斜肌Transversusabdominis腹横肌Rectusabdominis腹直肌,精选ppt,PosteriorgroupQuadiatuslumborum腰方肌Psoasmajor腰大肌,精选ppt,Obliquusexternusabsominis腹外斜肌,Generaldirectionoffibers:downward,forwardandmedially(rundownandinward)StructuresInguinalligament腹股沟韧带Lacunarligament腔隙韧带Superficialinguinalring腹股沟浅环triangular-shapeddefectinaponeurosisofobliquusexternusabdominisabovepubictubercle,精选ppt,精选ppt,Obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌,DeeptoobliquusexternusabdominisGeneraldirectionoffibres:upwards,forwardsandmedially,精选ppt,Transverselsabdominis腹横肌,Deeptoobliquusinternus,精选ppt,Inguinalfalx腹股沟镰:archoverspermaticcord,insertedwithtransversesabdominisfiberintomedialpartofpectenofpubisCremaster提睾肌:aroundthespermaticcordandtestis,精选ppt,Rectusabdominis腹直肌,Position:lieontoeitherofmidlineOrigin:pubiccrestandsymphysisInsertion:xiphoidand5th-7thcostalcartilagesHas3-4tendinousintersections腱划lineasemiluaris半月线,精选ppt,Similarfunctionsforabovefourpairsofmuscles,SupportandcompresstheabdominalvisceraIncreaseintra-abdominalpressure,aidinexpulsiveefforts-vomiting,coughing,sneezing,defecation,urinationandchildbirth.Depressribs,assistin(theactofforce(4)expiration.Flex,lateralflex,androtatevertebralcolumn,精选ppt,Sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘,AntlayerformedbyfusionofaponeurosisofobliquusexternusabdominisandanteriorleafofaponeurosisofobliquusinternusabdominisPostlayerFormedbyfusionofposterionleafofaponeurosisofobliquusinternusabdominisandaponeurosisoftransversesabdominisAbsentinabout4-5cmbelowtheumbilicus,whereaponeurosesofallthreemusclesformanteriorlayerthelowerfreebordernamedarcuatelineBelowthislinerectusabdominisincontactwithtransversefascia,精选ppt,Lineaalba白线tendinousraphebetweenrightandleftrectifromxiphoidtopubicsymphysis.,精选ppt,Inguinalregion腹股沟区,BoundariesInguinalligamentLateralmarginofrectusabdominisAhorizontallinestretchingfromanterioriliacspinetolaeralmarginofrectusabdominis,精选ppt,Descentoftestes,Seven-weekembryoshowingthetestisbeforeitsdescentfromthedorsalabdominalwall,精选ppt,Fetusat28weekthetestispassingthroughtheinguinalcanal,精选ppt,Newborn,精选ppt,Inguinalcanal腹股沟管,Position:obliquepassage,4cmlong,located1.5cmabovemedialhalfofinguinallig.,精选ppt,BoundariesAntwallAponeurosisofobliquusexternusabdominisObliquusinternusabdominis(lateralthirdofwall),精选ppt,PostwallTransversefasciaInguinalflaxmediallyRoofarchedlowerfibersofobliquusinternusandtransversuaabdominisFlooringuinallig,精选ppt,TwoopeningsSuperficialinguinalring腹股沟浅环Deepinguinalring腹股沟深环defectintransversefascia1.5cmabovemidpointofinguinalligament,精选ppt,StructurespassingthroughtheinguinalcanalSpermaticcord精索andilioinguinalnerve髂腹股沟神经inmalesRoundligamentofuterus子宫圆韧带andilioinguinalnerve髂腹股沟神经infemales,精选ppt,InguinalTriangle(ofHesselbach)腹股沟三角,BoundariesInguinalligamentinferiorlyLateralborderofrectusabdominismediallyInferiorepigastricarterylaterally,精选ppt,Indirectinguinalheiniaanddirecetinguinalheinia,精选ppt,Superficialvesselsandcutaneousnerves,ArteriesSuperficialepigastrica.Superficialiliaccircumflexa.VeinsThoracoepigastricv.Superficialepigastricv.CutaneousnervesAnteriorandlateralcutaneousn.oflowersixthoracicIliohypogastricn.(firstlumbnerves),精选ppt,Deepvesselsandnerves,ArteresSuperiorandinferiorepigastricarterisLowerposteriorintercostala.Subcostala.Fourlumbara.,精选ppt,NervesIliohypogastricn.髂腹下神经ArisesfromlubarplexusPassesforwardintheintervalbetweenobliquusinternusandtranversusabdominisPiecesobliquusinternusabdominis2.5cmmedialtoanteriorsuperioriliacspinePiecesaponeurosisofobliquusexternusabdominisabout2.5cmabovesuperficialinguinalringIlioinguinaln.髂腹股沟神经Runsparallelwithiliohypogastricn.atalowerlevelEntersinguinalcanalandemergesthroughsuperficialinguinalringGenitofemoraln.生殖股神经,精选ppt,Layer?,精选ppt,Abdomen2,山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华,精选ppt,Abdominalaorta腹主动脉,ContinuationofthoracicaortaataortichiatusofdiaphragminfrontofT12TerminatesatlowerborderofL4vertebrabydividingintorightandleftcommoniliacarteries,精选ppt,ParietalbranchesInferiorphrenica.膈下动脉(onepair)Lumbara.腰动脉(fourpairsofarteriesthatsupplytheposteriorabdominalwall)Mediansacrala.骶正中动脉,精选ppt,VisceralbranchesPairedbranchesMiddlesuprarenalartery肾上腺中动脉Renalartery肾动脉Testicular(ovarian)artery睾丸（卵巢）动脉,精选ppt,UnpairedbranchesCeliactrunk腹腔干ashortthickvesselthatarisesfromthefrontofaorta,atthelevelofT12Superiormesenterica.肠系膜上动脉arisesfromthefrontofaorta,atthelevelofL2Inferiormesenterica.肠系膜下动脉arisesfromthefrontofaorta,atlevelofL3,精选ppt,Celiactrunk,精选ppt,Celiactrunk,精选ppt,精选ppt,精选ppt,Colicmarginalartery,精选ppt,RelationsofabdominalaortaAnteriorly(fromabovedownward)PancreasAscendingpartofduodenumRadixofmesenteryPosteriorlyUpperfourlumbervertebraeOnitsrightInferiorvenacavaOnitsleftLeftsympathetictrunk,精选ppt,Veinsofabdomenandpelvis,Internaliliacvein髂内静脉Parietaltributaries:accompanywitharteriesVisceraltributariessuperiorrectalveininferiormesentericv.Rectalvenousplexusinferiorrectalveininternaliliacv.直肠静脉丛analveininternalpudendalv.Vesicalvenousplexus膀胱静脉丛vesicalv.Uterinevenousplexus子宫静脉丛uterinev.,精选ppt,Externaliliacvein髂外静脉accompanythearteryCommoniliacvein髂总静脉formedbyunionofinternalandexternaliliacveinsinfrontofsacroiliacjoint,enduponL4L5byunitingeachothertoforminferiorvenacava,精选ppt,Inferiorvenacava下腔静脉,FormedbyunionoftwocommoniliacveinsanteriortoandjusttotherightofL4L5Ascendsontherightsideofaorta,piercesvenacavaforamenofdiaphragmoppositetheT8anddrainsintotherightatriumConveysbloodfromthewholebodybelowthediaphragmtotherightatrium,精选ppt,ChieftributariesParietalPairedinferiorphrenicv.膈下静脉pairedlumbarv.腰静脉(four)VisceralRightandleftrenalveins左、右肾静脉Rightsuprarenalvein右肾上腺静脉(leftdrainintoleftrenalvein)Righttesticularorovarianv右睾丸（卵巢）静脉.(leftdrainintoleftrenalvein)Hepaticveins肝静脉:right,leftandintermediate,精选ppt,RelationsofinferiorvenacavaAnteriorly(craniallytocaudally)LiverHeadofpancreasHorizontalpartofduodenumRighttesticular(orovarian)a.RadixofmesenteryPosteriorlyRightcrusofdiaphragmUpperfourlumbervertebraeLeftsympathetictrunkParietalbranchesofabdominalaortaOnitsrightPsoasmajorRightkidneyRightsuprarenalglandOnitsleftAbdominalaorta,精选ppt,Hepaticportalvein肝门静脉,GeneralfeaturesFormedbehindtheneckofpancreasbytheunionofsuperiormesentericveinandsplenicveinAscendsupwardsandtotheright,posteriortothefirstpartofduodenumandthenentersthelesseromentumtotheportahepatis,whereitdividesintorightandleftbranchesTherearenofunctioningvalvesinhepaticportalsystemDrainsbloodfromgastrointestinaltractfromthelowerendofoesophagustotheupperendofanalcanal,pancreas,gallbladder,bileductsandspleen,精选ppt,Variationandanomaliesofhepaticportalvein,精选ppt,Tributariesofhepaticportalvein1.Superiormesentericv.肠系膜上静脉2.Inferiormesentericv.肠系膜下静脉3.Splenicv.脾静脉4.Leftgastricv.胃左静脉5.Rightgastricv.胃右静脉6.Cysticv.胆囊静脉7.Paraumbilicalv.附脐静脉,精选ppt,Portal-systemicanastomoses1.AtthelowerendoftheoesophagusHepaticportalveinleftgastricveinesophagealvenousplexusesophagealveinazygosveinsuperiorvenacava2.AtrectalvenousplexusHepaticportalveinsplenicveininferiormesentericveinsuperiorrectalveinrectalvenousplexusinferiorrectalandanalveinsinternaliliacveininferiorvenacava3.AtperiumbilicalvenousplexusHepaticportalveinparaumbilicalveinperiumbilicalvenousplexusthoracoepigastricandsuperiorepigastricveinsuperiorvenacavasuperficialepigastricandinferiorepigastricveinsinferiorvenacava,精选ppt,4.Portal-retroperitonealanastomosisBetweentheretroperitonealbranchesofthecolicveinsandthelumbarveins,pancreaticoduodenalveinswiththerenalveinsandthesubcapsularveinsoftheliverwiththephrenicveinstwigsofcolicveins(portal)anastomosingwithsystemicretroperitonealveins,精选ppt,Thelymphaticdrainageofabdomen,LymphaticdrainageofabdominalwallToaxillarylymphnodefromregionaboveumbilicusTosuperficialinguinallymphnodefromregionbelowumbilicusTolumbarlymphnodefrompostwallofabdomen,精选ppt,LymphaticdrainageofabdominalvisceraLumbarlymphnodes腰淋巴结Lieonposteriorabdominalwall,alongtheabdominalaortaandinferiorvenacavaReceivelymphfromkidneys,suprarenalglands,testes,ovarirs,fundusofuterus,ovary,andcommoniliacnodesRightandleftlumbartrunksformedbyefferentvesselPairedvisceradraintothelumbarlymphnodes,精选ppt,Celiaclymphnodes腹腔淋巴结situatedaroundtheceliactrunkSuperiormesentericlymphnode肠系膜上淋巴结situatedaroundsuperiormesenterica.Inferiormesentericlymphnode肠系膜下淋巴结situatedaroundinferiormesenterica.Intestinaltrunk腹腔干formedbyefferentvesselofceliac,superiorandinferiorlymphnodes,精选ppt,Thoracicduct胸导管BeginsinfrontofL1asadilatedsac,thecisternachyli,whichformedbyjoiningofleftandrightlumbartrunksandintestinaltrunkEnterthoraciccavitybypassingthroughtheaortichiatusofthediaphragmandascendsalongonthefrontofthevertebralcolumn,betweenthoracicaortaandazygosveinTravelsupward,veeringtotheleftatthelevelofT5Attheroofoftheneck,itturnslaterallyandarchesforwardsanddescendstoentertheleftvenousangleJustbeforetermination,itreceivestheleftjugular,subclavianandbronchomediastinaltrunksDrainslymphfromlowerlimbs,pelviccavity,abdominalcavity,leftsideofthorax,andleftsideofthehead,neckandleftupperlimb,精选ppt,Spleen脾,Location:liesinthelefthypochondriacregion(betweenstomachanddiaphragm)deeptothe9thto11thrib,itslongaxiscorrespondsroughlytothe10thribShapereddishincolour,精选ppt,TwosurfacesDiaphragmatic:smooth,convexVisceral:concave,hilumofspleenTwoextremitiesAnteriorwiderPosteriorrounderTwoborderSuperiorhas2-3splenicnotch脾切迹,whichserveasalandmarkonpalpationwhenitisenlarge;normallyitisnotpalpableInferiorrounderFunctions:thespleenisconsideredtobeimportantin:FormationoflymphocytesandmonocytePhagocytosisofbacteria,inertparticlesandwhitebloodcellsandplateletsDestroyingeffeteorabnormalredbloodcellsMakingantibodies,精选ppt,RalationshipsofspleenDiaphragmaticsurfacediaphragmVisceralsurfaceAnteriorlyfundusofstomachPosteriorlyleftsuprarenalglandandkidneyInferiorlytailofpancreasandleftcolicflexure,精选ppt,Nerversofabdomen,Lumbarplexus腰丛Formation:formedbyanteriorramiofL1-L3,apartofanteriorramiofT12andL4Position:lieswithinsubstanceofpsoasmajor,精选ppt,BranchesIliohypogastricn.髂腹下神经SupplieslowerpartofanteriorabdominalwallIlioinguinaln.髂腹股沟神经PassesthroughinguinalcanaltosupplyskinofthegroinandscrotumLateralfemoralcutaneous股外侧皮神经Femoraln.股神经Obturatorn.闭孔神经Genitofemoraln.生殖股神经,精选ppt,Lumbarsympathetictrunk腰交感干,MadeupofpairedchainswithfourtofivelumbargangliaanterolateraltovertebralcolumnEntersabdomenviathediaphragmandasacontinuationofhethoracicpartPassesinferiorlybehindcommoniliacvesselsandterminationsbyjoiningtoformunpairedganglionimpar,anteriortosacrum,精选ppt,Abdomen3,山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华,精选ppt,Relationshipsofabdominalviscera,Firstlayerlive,gallbladder,stomachSecondlayerduodenum,pancreas,spleenThirdlayersuprarenalgland,kidney,ureter,inferiorvenacava,abdominalaorta,nervesandlymphatics,精选ppt,Relationshipsofthestomach,Anterior:Live(rightpart)Diaphragm(leftupperpart)Anteriorabdominalwall(leftlowerpart)Posteriorseparatedbyperitonumoflessersacfromthefollowing(“stumach-bed”)PancreasLeftsuprarenalglandLeftkidneySpleenTransversecolonandtransversmesoclon,精选ppt,Arteriesofstomach,Leftandrightgastricarteriesarisefromceliactrunkandproperhepaticartery,repectively.Thesetwovesselsruninlesseromentumalonglessercurvature,andanastomoseend-to-end.,精选ppt,Rightandleftgastroepiploicarteriesarisefromthegastroduodenalandsplenicartery,repectively.Thesetwovesselspassintothegreateromentum,runparalleltothegreatercurvature,andanastomoseend-to-end.Shortgastricarteries,branchesofsplenicartery,coursethroughthegastrosplenicligamentandsupplythefundusofstomach.Posteriorgastricartery(72%)arisefromthesplenicartery,coursethroughthegastrophrenicligamentandsupplytheposteriorwalloffundusofstomach.,精选ppt,VenousdrainageRightandleftgastricveinsemptydirectlyintohepaticportalvein.Leftgastroepiploicandshortgastricveinsdrainintohepaticportalveinviathesplenicvein.Rightgastroepiploicveinjoineithersuperiormesentericvein.,精选ppt,LymphaticsofstomachRightandleftgastricln.liealongthesamevesselsandfinallytotheceliacln.Rightandleftgastroomentalln.liealongthesamevessels,theformerdrainintosubpyloricln.,thelatterdrainintosplinicln.Supra-andsubpyloricln.receivelymphaticsfrompyloricpartandfinallytotheceliacln.Splenicln.receivelymphaticsfromfundusandleftthirdofstomach,andfinallytotheceliacln.,精选ppt,NervesupplyParasympatheticinnervationbyanterior(left)andposterior(right)vagaltrunksTheanteriortrunkdividesintoanteriorgastricandhepaticbranchesTheposteriortrunkdividesintoposteriorgastricandceliacbranchesTheanteriorandposteriorgastricbranchesdescendontheanteriorandposteriorsurfacesofthestomachasaruleabout1to2cmfromthelessercurvatureandparalleltoitinthelesseromentumasfarasthrpyloricantrumtofanoutintobranchescalled“crowsfoot”tosupplythepyloricpartSympatheticinnervationMainlyfromceliacgangliaAffentandeffentfibersderivesfromthoracicsegments(T5L1,精选ppt,Theduodenum,RelationshipsofsuperiorpartAnteriorlyQuadratelobeofliveGallbladderPosteriorlyCommombileductGastroduodenala.Hepaticportalv.InferiorvenacavaSuperioelyOmentalforamenInferiorlyHeadofpancreas,精选ppt,RelationshipsofdescendingpartAnteriorlyLiveTransversecolonandmesocolonLoopsofsmallintestinePosteriorlyRightrenalhilumandureterRightrenalvesselsMediallyHeadofpancreasCommonbileductandpancreaticductLaterallyRightcolicflexure,精选ppt,RelationshipsofhorizontalpartSuperiorlyHeadofpancreasInferiorlyLoopsofsmallintestineAnteriorlyRadixofmesenterySuperiormesenterica.andv.PosteriorlyRightureterInferiorvenacavaAbdominalaorta,精选ppt,RelationshipsofascendingpartRightHeadofpancreasandabdominalaortaLeftLeftkidneyandureter,精选ppt,Relationshipsofliver,DiaphragmaticsurfaceseparatedbydiaphragmfromthefollowingRightcostodiaphramaticrecessandlungCardiacbaseVisceralsurfaceLeftlobeisrelatedtothestomachandabdominalpartofesophagusRightlobeisrelatedtotherightcolicflexureanteroly,gallbl